目的探讨原发性乳腺神经内分泌癌(primary neuroendocrine breast carcinoma, pNEBC)的临床病理特点以及淋巴结转移相关影响因素,为pNEBC的治疗及预后评价提供依据。方法回顾性选取2004年11月至2016年10月于北京协和医院乳腺外科手术治...目的探讨原发性乳腺神经内分泌癌(primary neuroendocrine breast carcinoma, pNEBC)的临床病理特点以及淋巴结转移相关影响因素,为pNEBC的治疗及预后评价提供依据。方法回顾性选取2004年11月至2016年10月于北京协和医院乳腺外科手术治疗并诊断为pNEBC的患者为研究组(pNEBC组),1∶4配对同期手术并诊断为乳腺浸润性癌(非特殊型)(invasive carcinoma of no special type,NST)的患者为对照组(NST组),比较两组患者的临床病理特点及淋巴结转移相关影响因素。结果共50例符合纳入和排除标准的pNEBC患者入选本研究,按照1∶4配对原则入选同期NST患者200例。两组患者年龄、瘤体直径、组织学分级、淋巴结清扫数目及TNM分期均无统计学差异(P均>0.05)。pNEBC组淋巴结转移15例(30.0%,15/50);雌激素受体(estrogen receptor,ER)阳性表达率为96.0%(48/50),孕激素受体(progesterone receptor,PR)阳性表达率为84.0%(42/50),人表皮生长因子受体2(human epidermal growth factor receptor-2,Her-2)阳性表达率为10.4%(5/48),嗜铬素A阳性表达率为58.0%(29/50),突触素阳性表达率为97.9%(47/48)。对于影响淋巴结转移的相关因素,组织学分级、ER表达、PR表达、Her-2表达、Ki-67指数、分子分型差异在两组中均无统计学意义(P均>0.05),T分期在NST组患者中存在显著差异(P=0.006),在pNEBC组中无显著差异(P=0.872)。结论 pNEBC患者ER、PR阳性表达率高,Her-2阳性表达率低,突触素阳性表达率较嗜铬素A高,其生物学行为尚需进一步研究,联合检测上述免疫组化指标并结合淋巴结状况,可能有助于pNEBC的预后评估。展开更多
Background Although endomyocardial biopsy （EMB） plays a crucial role in the final diagnosis in patients with heart failure of unknown etiology, the invasive nature of this technique limits its clinical application i...Background Although endomyocardial biopsy （EMB） plays a crucial role in the final diagnosis in patients with heart failure of unknown etiology, the invasive nature of this technique limits its clinical application in China. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical application of EMB in diagnosing cardiomyopathy with unexplained etiologies in China. Methods Fifty-three consecutive patients （38 males, age 14-67 years, median 43 years） were included in the study who were initially diagnosed as unexplained cardiomyopathy and under EMB biopsy in Peking Union Medical College Hospital from 2006 to 2009. The patients were clinically divided into four groups： dilated, hypertrophic, restrictive and unclassified cardiomyopathy. Biopsies were performed via right internal jugular vein with the use of the bioptome under fluoroscopic guidance. Three to five endomyocardial samples were taken from each patient for light microscopy examination and one sample for electron microscopy was taken if necessary. For each patient, an initial clinical diagnosis, an EMB diagnosis and a final diagnosis prior to discharge were established. All the data were compared and analyzed for the evaluation of clinical utility of EMB in China.Results In 26 patients initially diagnosed with restrictive cardiomyopathy （RCM）, the etiology of the condition was finally diagnosed using EMB in 15; including 13 amyloidosis and two eosinophilic myocarditis. We employed EMB in 19 patients clinically diagnosed as dilated cardiomyopathy and detected viral myocarditis in one patient, cardiac involvement due to polymyositis in four and doxorubicin-induced cardiomyopathy in one. In five patients with severe left ventricle hypertrophy undergoing EMB, one patient was diagnosed as autophagic vacuolar cardiomyopathy and one as mitochondrial disease. In the remaining three patients with unclassified cardiomyopathy, EMB revealed infiltration of eosinophils as the cause of atrial ventricular block in one patient. Final diagnoses were made in 24 of the total 53 patients （45%） based on the combination of EMB and clinical data. Transient atrial ventricular block in a patient with prior complete left bundle branch block was the only complication occurred during the procedures.Conclusion The clinical application of EMB is safe. The combination of EMB and clinical data produced a better understanding of the mechanisms behind the clinically diagnosed cardiomyopathy in China.展开更多
文摘目的探讨原发性乳腺神经内分泌癌(primary neuroendocrine breast carcinoma, pNEBC)的临床病理特点以及淋巴结转移相关影响因素,为pNEBC的治疗及预后评价提供依据。方法回顾性选取2004年11月至2016年10月于北京协和医院乳腺外科手术治疗并诊断为pNEBC的患者为研究组(pNEBC组),1∶4配对同期手术并诊断为乳腺浸润性癌(非特殊型)(invasive carcinoma of no special type,NST)的患者为对照组(NST组),比较两组患者的临床病理特点及淋巴结转移相关影响因素。结果共50例符合纳入和排除标准的pNEBC患者入选本研究,按照1∶4配对原则入选同期NST患者200例。两组患者年龄、瘤体直径、组织学分级、淋巴结清扫数目及TNM分期均无统计学差异(P均>0.05)。pNEBC组淋巴结转移15例(30.0%,15/50);雌激素受体(estrogen receptor,ER)阳性表达率为96.0%(48/50),孕激素受体(progesterone receptor,PR)阳性表达率为84.0%(42/50),人表皮生长因子受体2(human epidermal growth factor receptor-2,Her-2)阳性表达率为10.4%(5/48),嗜铬素A阳性表达率为58.0%(29/50),突触素阳性表达率为97.9%(47/48)。对于影响淋巴结转移的相关因素,组织学分级、ER表达、PR表达、Her-2表达、Ki-67指数、分子分型差异在两组中均无统计学意义(P均>0.05),T分期在NST组患者中存在显著差异(P=0.006),在pNEBC组中无显著差异(P=0.872)。结论 pNEBC患者ER、PR阳性表达率高,Her-2阳性表达率低,突触素阳性表达率较嗜铬素A高,其生物学行为尚需进一步研究,联合检测上述免疫组化指标并结合淋巴结状况,可能有助于pNEBC的预后评估。
文摘Background Although endomyocardial biopsy （EMB） plays a crucial role in the final diagnosis in patients with heart failure of unknown etiology, the invasive nature of this technique limits its clinical application in China. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical application of EMB in diagnosing cardiomyopathy with unexplained etiologies in China. Methods Fifty-three consecutive patients （38 males, age 14-67 years, median 43 years） were included in the study who were initially diagnosed as unexplained cardiomyopathy and under EMB biopsy in Peking Union Medical College Hospital from 2006 to 2009. The patients were clinically divided into four groups： dilated, hypertrophic, restrictive and unclassified cardiomyopathy. Biopsies were performed via right internal jugular vein with the use of the bioptome under fluoroscopic guidance. Three to five endomyocardial samples were taken from each patient for light microscopy examination and one sample for electron microscopy was taken if necessary. For each patient, an initial clinical diagnosis, an EMB diagnosis and a final diagnosis prior to discharge were established. All the data were compared and analyzed for the evaluation of clinical utility of EMB in China.Results In 26 patients initially diagnosed with restrictive cardiomyopathy （RCM）, the etiology of the condition was finally diagnosed using EMB in 15; including 13 amyloidosis and two eosinophilic myocarditis. We employed EMB in 19 patients clinically diagnosed as dilated cardiomyopathy and detected viral myocarditis in one patient, cardiac involvement due to polymyositis in four and doxorubicin-induced cardiomyopathy in one. In five patients with severe left ventricle hypertrophy undergoing EMB, one patient was diagnosed as autophagic vacuolar cardiomyopathy and one as mitochondrial disease. In the remaining three patients with unclassified cardiomyopathy, EMB revealed infiltration of eosinophils as the cause of atrial ventricular block in one patient. Final diagnoses were made in 24 of the total 53 patients （45%） based on the combination of EMB and clinical data. Transient atrial ventricular block in a patient with prior complete left bundle branch block was the only complication occurred during the procedures.Conclusion The clinical application of EMB is safe. The combination of EMB and clinical data produced a better understanding of the mechanisms behind the clinically diagnosed cardiomyopathy in China.
