Geoengineering （also called climate engineering）, which refers to large-scale intervention in the Earth＇s climate system to counteract greenhouse gas-induced warming, has been one of the most rapidly growing areas ...Geoengineering （also called climate engineering）, which refers to large-scale intervention in the Earth＇s climate system to counteract greenhouse gas-induced warming, has been one of the most rapidly growing areas of climate research as a potential option for tackling global warming. Here, we provide an overview of the scientific background and research progress of proposed geoengineering schemes. Geo- engineering can be broadly divided into two categories： solar geoengineering （also called solar radiation management, or SRM）, which aims to reflect more sunlight to space, and carbon dioxide removal （CDR）, which aims to reduce the CO2 content in the atmosphere. First, we review different proposed geoengineering methods involved in the solar radiation management and carbon dioxide removal schemes. Then, we discuss the fundamental science underlying the climate response to the carbon dioxide removal and solar radiation management schemes. We focus on two basic issues： 1） climate response to the reduction in solar irradiance and 2） climate response to the reduction in atmospheric COe. Next, we introduce an ongoing geoengineering research project in China that is supported by National Key Basic Research Program. This research project, being the first coordinated geoengineering research program in China, will systematically investigate the physical mechanisms, climate impacts, and risk and governance of a few targeted geoengineering schemes. It is expected that this research program will help us gain a deep understanding of the physical science underlying geoengineering schemes and the impacts of geoengineering on global climate, in particular, on the Asia monsoon region.展开更多
目的:了解2016—2017年中国及各省份6~17岁儿童青少年奶及奶制品的摄入情况,为指导儿童青少年合理摄入奶及奶制品提供科学依据。方法:利用“2016—2017年中国儿童与乳母营养健康监测”中连续3 d 24 h膳食回顾及称重法获得的膳食调查数据...目的:了解2016—2017年中国及各省份6~17岁儿童青少年奶及奶制品的摄入情况,为指导儿童青少年合理摄入奶及奶制品提供科学依据。方法:利用“2016—2017年中国儿童与乳母营养健康监测”中连续3 d 24 h膳食回顾及称重法获得的膳食调查数据,分析我国及各省份6~17岁青少年的奶制品摄入现状及消费现状,并根据《中国居民膳食指南(2016)》对其奶制品摄入是否达标进行评价。结果:2016—2017年,中国6~17岁儿童青少年奶制品平均摄入量为62.62 g/d,总奶类消费率为47.94%,达到膳食指南推荐量(300 g/d)的仅为2.86%。奶类消费以液态乳以及酸奶为主。其中,城镇6~17岁儿童青少年奶制品摄入状况、消费状况以及达标状况显著优于农村。6~11岁年龄段儿童青少年的奶制品摄入状况、消费状况以及达标状况优于12~17岁年龄段的儿童青少年,女性儿童青少年酸奶、奶酪及其他奶制品的消费状况优于男性儿童青少年,而男性儿童青少年的奶制品达标状况则优于女性儿童青少年。结论:2016—2017年,我国儿童青少年奶制品摄入严重不足,达标情况不良,亟需改善。展开更多
基金supported by National Key Basic Research Program of China (2015CB953601)National Natural Science Foundation of China (41422503, 41276073)+1 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (2015XZZX00405)Zhejiang University K. P. Chao's High Technology Development Foundation
文摘Geoengineering （also called climate engineering）, which refers to large-scale intervention in the Earth＇s climate system to counteract greenhouse gas-induced warming, has been one of the most rapidly growing areas of climate research as a potential option for tackling global warming. Here, we provide an overview of the scientific background and research progress of proposed geoengineering schemes. Geo- engineering can be broadly divided into two categories： solar geoengineering （also called solar radiation management, or SRM）, which aims to reflect more sunlight to space, and carbon dioxide removal （CDR）, which aims to reduce the CO2 content in the atmosphere. First, we review different proposed geoengineering methods involved in the solar radiation management and carbon dioxide removal schemes. Then, we discuss the fundamental science underlying the climate response to the carbon dioxide removal and solar radiation management schemes. We focus on two basic issues： 1） climate response to the reduction in solar irradiance and 2） climate response to the reduction in atmospheric COe. Next, we introduce an ongoing geoengineering research project in China that is supported by National Key Basic Research Program. This research project, being the first coordinated geoengineering research program in China, will systematically investigate the physical mechanisms, climate impacts, and risk and governance of a few targeted geoengineering schemes. It is expected that this research program will help us gain a deep understanding of the physical science underlying geoengineering schemes and the impacts of geoengineering on global climate, in particular, on the Asia monsoon region.
