智能手机辅助双探针比色法检测α-葡萄糖苷酶

该文以3,3',5,5'-四甲基联苯胺(TMB)和罗丹明B为比色探针,建立了α-葡萄糖苷酶的比色检测方法,并在此基础上基于智能手机策略,通过RGB值对α-葡萄糖苷酶进行检测。结果表明,Fe^(3+)-TMB-罗丹明B显色体系的吸光度与α-葡萄糖苷浓度在20~100 U/L范围内呈线性关系,检出限为3.3 U/L。采用photo⁃shop软件分析样品图像和样品荧光图像的RGB值,其与α-葡萄糖苷酶浓度在10~100 U/L范围内呈线性关系,检出限分别为2.5 U/L和1.2 U/L。该法已成功用于α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制剂阿卡波糖抑制率评估和胎牛血清中α-葡萄糖苷酶浓度的测定。所构建的智能手机辅助检测法为α-葡萄糖苷酶的临床分析和酶抑制剂的快速筛选提供了简便、快捷和准确的方法。

“双师型”教师素质与能力的内涵结构模型研究

“双师型”教师队伍建设的政策实践与理论进展表明,“双师型”教师素质与能力的内涵结构研究对理论深化和实践应用十分重要。采用修正式德尔菲法和SPSS 20软件对专家调研结果进行实证分析,构建“双师型”教师素质与能力的内涵结构钻石模型,包括专业知识、专业道德、能力、理念4个维度,含32个细分项。“双师型”教师需要具有扎实的专业知识、系统的教学知识、丰富的职业知识、先进的教育理念和良好的专业道德,具备理论教学能力和实践指导能力。其中,知识结构的多样性可以有效激发学生专业学习的积极性;先进的教育理念和良好的专业道德有助于促进学生自主持续发展;理论教学能力中的理论并不是抽象的书本理论,而是面向工作世界、反映职业实践活动的“真实”理论;实践指导能力强调掌握行业领先的实践技术技能,能在实践教学中进行完整演示并指导学生科学训练。

劈离式肝移植术后成功妊娠分娩1例并文献复习

目的探讨劈离式肝移植(SLT)术后患者妊娠分娩的临床管理经验。方法收集1例我院器官移植中心收治的SLT术后妊娠并成功分娩患者的临床资料,并复习相关文献。结果患者因“自身免疫性肝炎后肝硬化(失代偿期)”接受同种异体原位SLT,术后出现轻度急性排斥反应,经调整免疫抑制药物治疗后好转。患者术后2年自然妊娠,因既往服用麦考酚钠肠溶片,选择终止妊娠并停用该药。术后3年再次妊娠并出现移植物波动,予调整抗排异药物剂量、保肝对症治疗、先兆早产保胎治疗等处理,最终在肝移植科、产科和新生儿科等相关学科共同指导下,于孕35周剖宫产诞下1名健康女婴。结论SLT受者虽然孕期可能出现移植物功能波动、早产等情况,但在多学科共同合作、科学指导用药及密切随访监测下,亦可以获得满意预后。

Impact of climate change and human activities on the spatiotemporal dynamics of surface water area in Gansu Province, China

Understanding the dynamics of surface water area and their drivers is crucial for human survival and ecosystem stability in inland arid and semi-arid areas.This study took Gansu Province,China,a typical area with complex terrain and variable climate,as the research subject.Based on Google Earth Engine,we used Landsat data and the Open-surface Water Detection Method with Enhanced Impurity Control method to monitor the spatiotemporal dynamics of surface water area in Gansu Province from 1985 to 2022,and quantitatively analyzed the main causes of regional differences in surface water area.The findings revealed that surface water area in Gansu Province expanded by 406.88 km2 from 1985 to 2022.Seasonal surface water area exhibited significant fluctuations,while permanent surface water area showed a steady increase.Notably,terrestrial water storage exhibited a trend of first decreasing and then increasing,correlated with the dynamics of surface water area.Climate change and human activities jointly affected surface hydrological processes,with the impact of climate change being slightly higher than that of human activities.Spatially,climate change affected the'source'of surface water to a greater extent,while human activities tended to affect the'destination'of surface water.Challenges of surface water resources faced by inland arid and semi-arid areas like Gansu Province are multifaceted.Therefore,we summarized the surface hydrology patterns typical in inland arid and semi-arid areas and tailored surface water'supply-demand'balance strategies.The study not only sheds light on the dynamics of surface water area in Gansu Province,but also offers valuable insights for ecological protection and surface water resource management in inland arid and semi-arid areas facing water scarcity.

Identification of S-RNase genotype and analysis of its origin and evolutionary patterns in Malus plants

Identification of the S genotype of Malus plants will greatly promote the discovery of new genes,the cultivation and production of apple,the breeding of new varieties,and the origin and evolution of self-incompatibility in Malus plants.In this experiment,88 Malus germplasm resources,such as Aihuahong,Xishuhaitang,and Reguanzi,were used as materials.Seven gene-specific primer combinations were used in the genotype identification.PCR amplification using leaf DNA produced a single S-RNase gene fragment in all materials.The results revealed that 70 of the identified materials obtained a complete S-RNase genotype,while only one S-RNase gene was found in 18 of them.Through homology comparison and analysis,13 S-RNase genotypes were obtained:S_(1)S_(2)(Aihuahong,etc.),S_(1)S_(28)(Xixian Haitang,etc.),S_(1)S_(51)(Hebei Pingdinghaitang),S_(1)S_(3)(Xiangyangcun Daguo,etc.),S_(2)S_(3)(Zhaiyehaitang,etc.),S_(3)S_(51)(Xishan 1),S_(3)S_(28)(Huangselihaerde,etc.),S_(2)S_(28)(Honghaitang,etc.),S_(4)S_(28)(Bo 11),S_(7)S_(28)(Jiuquan Shaguo),S_(10)S_e(Dongchengguan 13),S_(10)S_(21)(Dongxiangjiao)and S_(3)S_(51)(Xiongyue Haitang).Simultaneously,the frequency of the S gene in the tested materials was analyzed.The findings revealed that different S genes had varying frequencies in Malus resources,as well as varying frequencies between intraspecific and interspecific.S_(3) had the highest frequency of 68.18%,followed by S_(1)(42.04%).In addition,the phylogenetic tree and origin evolution analysis revealed that the S gene differentiation was completed prior to the formation of various apple species,that cultivated species also evolved new S genes,and that the S_(50) gene is the oldest S allele in Malus plants.The S_(1),S_(29),and S_(33) genes in apple-cultivated species,on the other hand,may have originated in M.sieversii,M.hupehensis,and M.kansuensis,respectively.In addition to M.sieversii,M.kansuensis and M.sikkimensis may have also played a role in the origin and evolution of some Chinese apples.

拷贝数变异分析及染色体核型分析在发育迟缓与智力障碍儿童中的应用

目的探讨拷贝数变异分析及染色体核型分析在发育迟缓/智力障碍(DD/ID)儿童中的应用。方法对湖南省儿童医院连续649例DD/ID患儿进行染色体微阵列(CMA)检测。通过参考以前的报告或使用荧光原位杂交(FISH)及定量聚合酶链反应(q-PCR)进行的亲本检测结果来评估拷贝数变异(CNV)的致病性。结果649例DD/ID患儿中有110例检出致病性CNV,检出率为16.9%,其中包括长度为270 kb~30 Mb的100个缺失和31个重复。对66例患儿父母进行CMA检测,其中86.4%携带新生CNV。8例患儿的致病性CNV遗传自健康父母,具有平衡易位。在2p21p16.3、3p21.31、10p11.22、14q24.2和21q22.13位点验证了5个罕见报告的缺失。结论CMA检测在DD/ID患儿的基因诊断中具有临床实用性。CMA检测可作为所有DD/ID儿童的临床诊断检测。

Axial load-share ratio testing to assess the healing of open tibial fractures treated with the Taylor Spatial Frame

Background:The Taylor Spatial Frame(TSF)has gained popularity among orthopedic surgeons for treating open fractures.However,a key challenge is the timely and safe removal of the frame.This study assessed the efficacy and safety of axial load-share ratio(ALSR)testing to evaluate callus healing strength after TSF treatment of open tibial fractures.Methods:A retrospective case-control study was conducted,analyzing 180 adult patients with open tibial fractures treated at Tianjin Hospital’s Orthopedic Limb Correction Unit between August 2019 and August 2022.All patients underwent TSF external fixation surgery,and were divided into two groups based on ALSR testing.Group I(92 patients)underwent ALSR testing,with frame removal if the test value fell below 5%.Traditional methods were used for fixator removal guidance in Group II(88 patients).Clinical outcomes,including fixation duration,complications after fixator removal,and Johner-Wruhs functional scores,were compared between the two groups.Results:The groups showed no statistically significant differences(P>0.05)in sex,age,injury side,body mass index,surgery timing,or fracture type.Group I had a significantly shorter fixation duration(25.85±5.57 weeks)compared to Group II(31.82±6.98 weeks)(P<0.05).Following fixator removal,Group I demonstrated superior Johner-Wruhs scores compared to Group II,indicating better outcomes(P<0.05).Complication rates did not differ significantly between the groups at the last follow-up(P>0.05).Conclusion:Regular postoperative ALSR testing could safely and effectively guide TSF removal following open tibial fracture treatment.This method significantly reduced fixation duration compared to traditional guidance methods while maintaining efficacy and safety.

Antiviral Activity of the Effective Monomers from Folium Isatidis Against Influenza Virus in Vivo

In order to evaluate the anti-influenza virus activity of the effective monomer from Folium Isatidis (FI) in vivo,we established mice model with viral pneumonia and divided them into 3 different dose groups,then observed their lung indexes,pulmonary pathological changes,pulmonary virus hemagglitination titers,living time and death rates.The results showed that the monomer could reduce the pulmonary index from 2.64 to 1.93,1.63 and 1.40 (P<0.01) and decrease the hemagglitination titer from 1.15 to 0.84,0.70 and 0.59 (P<0.01).In addition,different groups of FI could significantly lessen the mortality rate from 100% to 30%,25% and 15%,and prolong the living time from 5.1d to 6.5d,8.4d and 8.9d respectively(P<0.01).The high dose (75 mg/kg/d) has the similar effect with 100 mg/kg/d dose of virazole(P>0.05),and more effective than 200 mg/kg/d dose of antiviral liquor (P<0.05).

农民对闲置宅基地和农房盘活利用的认知调研与对策探讨——以苏南桃源村为例

针对农村闲置宅基地和农房盘活利用问题,通过问卷调查和深度访谈,调研农民个体特征、利用意愿、评价建议等,对各因素进行相关性分析,挖掘农民对相关问题的认知机理,探究各个观察变量对潜变量的影响程度。结果表明:农民年龄、房屋建造年代、政策认知程度是影响农民利用意愿的显著因素,其中农民年龄、房屋建造年代对农民利用意愿有显著负向影响,政策认知程度有显著正向影响;农民的其他相关顾虑主要在安全、管理、投入、政策等方面。建议相关部门完善配套政策并强化宣传,树立典型并强化其示范作用,提供适当资金扶持,积极引入社会资本,完善乡村发展规划,规范宅基地流转市场,以此提升农民的积极性,促进农村人居环境改善和乡村振兴。

基于Fe(Ⅲ)和邻苯二胺显色反应快速检测硫化物

比较了不同金属离子(Fe^(2+)、Fe^(3+)、Cu^(2+)、Zn^(2+)、Al^(3+)、Na^(+)、Ca^(2+)、Mg^(2+)、K^(+)、Ag^(+)、Cr^(3+))对邻苯二胺(OPD)的氧化能力,基于Fe^(3+)能直接氧化OPD产生黄色发荧光的产物而构建了Fe^(3+)-OPD显色体系。结合硫化物的还原性以及对金属离子较强的亲和性,开发了一种通过比色法选择性检测硫化物的方法。结果表明,在pH 4.0NaAc-HAc缓冲液中,Fe^(3+)-OPD显色体系的吸光度和荧光强度与NaHS的浓度分别在10~200μmol/L和5~150μmol/L范围内呈线性关系,荧光法的检出限可达0.1μmol/L,体系内其他还原性物质及硫醇对NaHS的检测无干扰。将Fe^(3+)-OPD显色体系结合纸芯片构建的纸基比色体系蓝色分析色道值(B值)与NaHS的浓度在20~150μmol/L范围内呈线性关系,检出限为2μmol/L,并可用于定量检测加标自来水和胎牛血清中的硫化物。

我国“双师型”教师研究热点与演进趋势——基于CiteSpace可视化分析

“双师型”教师相关研究一直是职业教育的重要研究领域。通过对CNKI数据库中2000—2020年的高质量论文进行知识图谱分析,梳理当前“双师型”教师的科研热点和发展态势。结果表明,近20年间我国“双师型”教师研究热点经历了快速成长阶段、关键发展阶段、平稳发展阶段和新兴发展阶段的演化,形成了内涵研究、标准研究、建设研究等热点领域。

2~4 MPa燃气流量标准装置不确定度评估及验证

为了满足燃气流量仪表的溯源需求,基于标准表法建立一套燃气流量标准装置。该装置采用4台涡轮流量计作为标准表,可达到燃气压力2~4 MPa时,流量范围60~8600 m 3/h的测量能力。针对标准装置存在的标准表非定点使用和低温介质的问题,对其进行不确定度的评估及控制研究。基于NIM-2015模型非线性拟合技术控制标准表非定点使用的不确定度,该标准装置可提供标准流量的不确定度为0.26%(k=2)。在此基础上,建立天然气管道流动传热模型,发现增加预流动时间动态置换管容可实现装置温度动态平衡,提高测量重复性,装置可校准流量计的最优不确定度为0.32%(k=2)。

课程一致性视角下落实课程标准的单元教学设计模型构建

《义务教育物理课程标准(2022年版)》提出了核心素养课程目标,对教师的教学方式提出了新的要求。核心素养目标的落实需要采用单元教学的方式。课程一致性是单元教学设计的理论基础,逆向设计思路是单元教学设计的操作保障。为了使单元教学设计更好地落实课程标准,一方面要根据课程标准形成具有不同功能的教学目标,另一方面要选取适当的教学目标作为教学评价与教学任务设计的依据,以便加强教学目标、教学任务、教学评价三要素与课程标准之间的一致性关系。

区域选择性地电化学氧化自由基参与的邻位-(4+2)/原位-(3+2)环化

碳环化合物,特别是五元环和六元环骨架,广泛存在于天然产物和生物活性分子中.Diels-Alder环加成反应是构建这些功能型分子的有效方法,但其底物适用范围有限,且反应条件(如热、微波和过渡金属的使用)苛刻,限制了该方法的应用.自由基物种含有不成对的价电子,表现出高活性,在温和的反应条件下提供了新的反应途径.因此,自由基介导的反应为复杂环状分子的合成提供了一个新平台.然而,如何实现选择性自由基环化仍然是一个挑战.鲍德温规则为自由基物种与烯烃炔烃的加成提供了指导,研究人员设计并开发了一系列反应模式构建所需的五元和六元环分子.但是,自由基物种,特别是烷基和烯基与芳基之间选择性的邻位原位环化仍然不明确.本文利用苄基丙二酸酯为自由基源,烯烃和炔烃分别为自由基受体,分别获得烷基和烯基自由基中间体,并探究烷基自由基和烯基自由基与芳基之间的选择性环化.利用二茂铁介导的电化学氧化策略,进行了烷基/烯基自由基与芳基的选择性环化实验.结果表明,烷基自由基与芳环发生选择性邻位-(4+2)环化,烯基自由基与芳环发生选择性原位-(3+2)环化.理论研究结果表明,促进烯烃优先邻位加成的主要原因是有利的相互作用能;炔烃优先原位加成区域选择性由形变能量控制.重要的是,该策略被认为是鲍德温自由基环化规则的重要补充.此外,对二茂铁介导的电化学氧化苄基丙二酸酯的C-H键官能团化进行了深入的机理研究.自由基捕获实验证明了苄基丙二酸酯碳自由基的存在.循环伏安测试结果表明,苄基丙二酸酯碳负离子与二茂铁之间存在电子转移.阳极电势实验证明了二茂铁在该自由基反应中的作用;同位素实验揭示了螺环化合物氧的来源.本文合成了一系列四氢萘和螺环衍生物,表现出较好的底物适用范围和官能团耐受性,且该方法避免了化学氧化剂/碱/贵金属的使用、底物的预官能团化以及底物的过氧化.综上,本文为实现自由基的区域选择性环化提供了参考.

2型糖尿病与年龄相关性黄斑变性之间的因果关系:一项孟德尔随机化研究

目的:利用双样本孟德尔随机化(MR)分析2型糖尿病(T2DM)与年龄相关性黄斑变性(ARMD)之间潜在的因果关系。方法:本研究提取FinnGen数据库中T2DM与ARMD数据,将逆方差加权(IVW)作为主要分析方法,MR-Egger回归和加权中位数(WM)作为补充方法分析二者之间的潜在关系,利用Cochran Q检验、MR-Egger回归截距进行敏感性分析,并将P值作为研究结果指标。结果:IVW分析显示,T2DM与渗出性ARMD之间存在因果关系(OR=1.14,95%CI 1.01~1.28,P=0.021),但与萎缩性ARMD的发病无明显关联(OR=0.96,95%CI 0.86~1.07,P=0.554)。敏感性分析结果证实结果不存在异质性及多效性,分析结果可靠。结论:T2DM与渗出性ARMD之间存在因果关系,由于ARMD具有高致盲率,认识和控制ARMD的危险因素对降低其患病率及早诊早治具有重要意义。

连续流动法测定土壤中有机质

建立连续流动化学分析法测定土壤中有机质含量。采用自动凯氏消化器对样品进行加热,使有机质在硫酸作用下被重铬酸钾氧化成二氧化碳和水,过量的重铬酸钾在酸性条件下,与1,5-二苯基碳酰二肼反应生成紫红色络合物,用连续流动化学分析仪测定。该法线性范围为0.4~2.0 g/L,线性相关系数为0.999 0,测定结果的相对标准偏差为0.48%~2.85%(n=6),土壤标准物质测定值与标准值吻合。该法与NY/T 1121.6—2006方法对土壤中有机质的测定结果无显著性差异。

南疆地区高速公路沥青路面抗滑性能衰变特性研究

为研究新疆南疆地区沥青路面抗滑性能衰变规律,通过现场测试的手段,在2017—2021年期间,对新疆南部地区的部分高速公路的沥青路面采用SCRIM路面横向力系数测试车进行现场观测,并对现场试验数据进行分析。研究发现,由于风积沙的存在,高速公路沥青路面的抗滑性能会发生改变,部分地区抗滑性能衰变速率较快,而有的地区衰变速率相对较缓,但总体高速公路沥青路面抗滑力衰变速度前期比较快,后期相对较缓慢。基于实测数据建立预测模型,可以为新疆地区积沙沥青路面抗滑性能的研究提供一定的指导和参考。

铈基催化剂催化聚乙烯低温燃烧性能

为了改善高分子固体废物的燃烧过程,采用浸渍法制备了6种不同载体的铈基催化剂(Ce-Al_(2)O_(3),Ce-SiO_(2),Ce-Fe_(2)O_(3),Ce-NiO,Ce-ZrO_(2),Ce-La_(2)O_(3)),并通过XRD、SEM、N 2吸附-脱附和O_(2)程序升温脱附(O_(2)-TPD)等方法分析其物理化学性质,进而用聚乙烯低温燃烧反应评价其催化性能。结果表明:在Ce-Al_(2)O_(3)表面形成了CeO_(2)颗粒,其表现出较强的氧吸附、活化能力;与无催化剂的聚乙烯燃烧相比,Ce-Al_(2)O_(3)催化聚乙烯燃烧同时提高了其燃烧速率和燃烧效率,从而提高了其燃烧过程的放热量;其中,Ce-Al_(2)O_(3)将聚乙烯燃烧的速率提高了2倍,CO和CO_(2)选择性提高了2.6倍。Ce-Al_(2)O_(3)循环使用6次,仍保持较好的催化性能,其催化聚乙烯燃烧反应的燃烧速率以及CO和CO_(2)选择性均高于无催化剂的聚乙烯燃烧过程。

Long-term outcomes of laser dacryoplasty combined with intubation using a new silicon tube in patients with lacrimal duct obstruction

AIM:To determine the 15-year outcomes of laser dacryoplasty(LDP)in patients with lacrimal duct obstruction;and to evaluate LDP combined with intubation using a new silicone tube to treat complicated cases.METHODS:Patients with lacrimal duct obstruction and treated with LDP between April 2000 and April 2005 were investigated retrospectively.Totally 116 eyes with completed 15-year follow-up records were included in this study.For complicated cases(52 eyes of 52 patients),both LDP and intubation using a self-made silicon tube were performed.For patients with uncomplicated obstruction(64 eyes of 61 patients),only LDP was performed.Outcomes were assessed based on results of lacrimal irrigation and degree of symptoms during follow-up.RESULTS:At the follow-up time of 15y,81 eyes achieved full success(69.8%);21 eyes got improved(18.1%);and 14 eyes were considered failure(12.1%).The success rate was 71.2%(37/52 eyes)for complicated cases;and 68.8%(44/64 eyes)for uncomplicated cases.No statistically significant difference between two groups was observed(P=0.961).No postoperative complication was observed.CONCLUSION:LDP is a well-tolerated,simple,and effective procedure with satisfactory long-term outcomes in selected patients,which make it a good alternative to conventional dacryocystorhinostomy.In addition,intubation with the self-made mono-canalicular silicone tube facilitates the management of complicated cases with few complications.

阿托伐他汀钙片治疗2型糖尿病大血管病变患者的肝脏安全性

目的观察阿托伐他汀钙片治疗对2型糖尿病大血管病变患者的肝脏安全性。方法选取通过颈部动脉超声或双下肢动脉超声明确为2型糖尿病大血管病变的患者112例,给予口服阿托伐他汀钙片20 mg,1次/d,共3个月。根据患者入组时是否接受阿托伐他汀钙片治疗,分为干预组和对照组,每组56例。治疗前后分别检测静脉血空腹血糖(FBG)、餐后2 h血糖(2hPBG)、糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c%)、总胆固醇(TC)、三酰甘油(TG)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)、天冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST),测量体脂百分比和肝脏脂肪含量,检测静脉血空腹胰岛素及C肽、计算HOMA-IR。结果治疗3个月后,口服阿托伐他汀钙片的干预组患者TC、TG、LDL-C以及肝脏脂肪含量较治疗前均显著降低[(1.56±0.10)mmol/L vs.(1.81±0.09)mmol/L,(4.21±0.24)mmol/L vs.(4.84±0.24)mmol/L,(1.76±0.18)mmol/L vs.(2.16±0.12)mmol/L,7%±2%vs.14%±1%,P<0.05];ALT、AST水平较治疗前均显著降低[(18±6)IU/ml vs.(30±4)IU/ml,(21±4)IU/ml vs.(33±5)IU/ml,P<0.05]。结论阿托伐他汀钙片治疗对2型糖尿病大血管病变患者的肝脏比较安全。考虑到其高心脑血管意外风险,这类患者可适当应用阿托伐他汀钙片治疗。