【目的】分析城市公园绿地空间的可达性,以有效衡量城市居民需求与公园绿地供给的关系,提高城市公共服务水平。【方法】以两步移动搜索法(two-step floating catchment area method,2SFCA)为基础,引入Huff模型,提出改进的两步移动搜索法...【目的】分析城市公园绿地空间的可达性,以有效衡量城市居民需求与公园绿地供给的关系,提高城市公共服务水平。【方法】以两步移动搜索法(two-step floating catchment area method,2SFCA)为基础,引入Huff模型,提出改进的两步移动搜索法(improved two-step floating catchment area method,i2SFCA),以河南新乡市主城区为研究区域,对比两种方法计算城市公园绿地步行条件下的空间可达性,并用GIS进行分析。【结果】i2SFCA比2SFCA方法更具适应性和灵活性,尤其是在边界区域的绿地可达性计算中表现更为明显;新乡市主城区中公园绿地分布不够均衡,各片区之间空间可达性分布差距较大,呈西低东高的格局;主城区人口与公园绿地可达性的空间分布不够协调,亟须改善高人口密度而低可达性片区。未来城市公园绿地建设中,应进一步平衡绿地的分布格局,增加小型街头绿地,完善带状绿地,提高绿地的服务质量。【结论】通过两种计算空间可达性方法的实验对比得出,i2SFCA方法更有优势,可明确城市中公园绿地资源缺乏区域,为提高城市社会服务水平提供数据基础。展开更多
In this paper, the life cycle assessment(LCA) method is used to evaluate and quantify the energy consumption and environmental impacts of biodegradable polylactic acid(PLA) plastic packaging from the five stages of ra...In this paper, the life cycle assessment(LCA) method is used to evaluate and quantify the energy consumption and environmental impacts of biodegradable polylactic acid(PLA) plastic packaging from the five stages of raw material acquisition, raw material transportation, product production, products use and final disposal. Seven impact categories were selected for the impact analysis: abiotic depletion potential fossil fuels(ADP), global warming potential(GWP), acidification potential(AP), eutrophication potential(EP), photochemical ozone formation potential(POCP), human toxicity potential(HTP), and terrestrial ecotoxicity potential(TETP). The results of the LCA are discussed and the results show that production of products is the highest stage of the environmental impact. Meanwhile, in the entire life cycle, the top three environmental impact categories are GWP, ADP and HTP,which account for 32.63%, 24.83% and 14.01%, respectively. The LCA results show that the environmental impact can be reduced in several ways: reducing the consumption of electricity, increasing the input of new energy, increasing the conversion rate of materials in the production process, using organic and water-soluble fertilizers instead of conventional fertilizers, using environment-friendly fuels and establishing a sound recycling system.展开更多
文摘【目的】分析城市公园绿地空间的可达性,以有效衡量城市居民需求与公园绿地供给的关系,提高城市公共服务水平。【方法】以两步移动搜索法(two-step floating catchment area method,2SFCA)为基础,引入Huff模型,提出改进的两步移动搜索法(improved two-step floating catchment area method,i2SFCA),以河南新乡市主城区为研究区域,对比两种方法计算城市公园绿地步行条件下的空间可达性,并用GIS进行分析。【结果】i2SFCA比2SFCA方法更具适应性和灵活性,尤其是在边界区域的绿地可达性计算中表现更为明显;新乡市主城区中公园绿地分布不够均衡,各片区之间空间可达性分布差距较大,呈西低东高的格局;主城区人口与公园绿地可达性的空间分布不够协调,亟须改善高人口密度而低可达性片区。未来城市公园绿地建设中,应进一步平衡绿地的分布格局,增加小型街头绿地,完善带状绿地,提高绿地的服务质量。【结论】通过两种计算空间可达性方法的实验对比得出,i2SFCA方法更有优势,可明确城市中公园绿地资源缺乏区域,为提高城市社会服务水平提供数据基础。
基金Tianjin Municipal Science and Technology Bureau(17JCYBJC42400)Tianjin Municipal Education Commission(2017KJ020)Tianjin Key Laboratory of Integrated Design and On-line Monitoring for Light Industry&Food Machinery and Equipment 2019(LIMFE08).
文摘In this paper, the life cycle assessment(LCA) method is used to evaluate and quantify the energy consumption and environmental impacts of biodegradable polylactic acid(PLA) plastic packaging from the five stages of raw material acquisition, raw material transportation, product production, products use and final disposal. Seven impact categories were selected for the impact analysis: abiotic depletion potential fossil fuels(ADP), global warming potential(GWP), acidification potential(AP), eutrophication potential(EP), photochemical ozone formation potential(POCP), human toxicity potential(HTP), and terrestrial ecotoxicity potential(TETP). The results of the LCA are discussed and the results show that production of products is the highest stage of the environmental impact. Meanwhile, in the entire life cycle, the top three environmental impact categories are GWP, ADP and HTP,which account for 32.63%, 24.83% and 14.01%, respectively. The LCA results show that the environmental impact can be reduced in several ways: reducing the consumption of electricity, increasing the input of new energy, increasing the conversion rate of materials in the production process, using organic and water-soluble fertilizers instead of conventional fertilizers, using environment-friendly fuels and establishing a sound recycling system.
