Electrochemical water splitting using renewable energy sources has been recognized as a sustainable way to produce hydrogen energy due to the characteristics of low-carbon and no pollution.However,the slow hydrogen/ox...Electrochemical water splitting using renewable energy sources has been recognized as a sustainable way to produce hydrogen energy due to the characteristics of low-carbon and no pollution.However,the slow hydrogen/oxygen evolution reactions(HER/OER)seriously hinder the practical application of large-scale water splitting.In this paper,the 0D Ni/Co-based hollow material is discussed in detail because of adjustable morphology,low mass density and abundant active sites,which provides an effective solution for improving the HER/OER reaction kinetics.The synthesis methods of hollow materials,such as hard template,soft template and self-template are introduced.Afterward,catalysts with different structural designs of hollow structures are reviewed,including hollow single-shelled structure,hollow core-shelled structure,hollow double-shelled structure and hollow multi-shelled structure(HoMS)catalysts.Wherein,the research progress of the 0D Ni/Co-based HoMS electrocatalysts in recent years and their prominent performances in water splitting are highlighted.Finally,the challenges and development prospects of designing Ni/Co-based HoMS catalysts in water splitting in the future are discussed.展开更多
目的评价虚拟现实技术在口腔种植治疗培训中的应用效果。方法利用2018年11月于福建医科大学口腔医学院·附属口腔医院口腔种植科就诊的1例下颌右侧第一磨牙缺失成年患者(女性,36岁)颌骨锥形束CT数据和厂家提供的数据,建立下颌骨和...目的评价虚拟现实技术在口腔种植治疗培训中的应用效果。方法利用2018年11月于福建医科大学口腔医学院·附属口腔医院口腔种植科就诊的1例下颌右侧第一磨牙缺失成年患者(女性,36岁)颌骨锥形束CT数据和厂家提供的数据,建立下颌骨和种植外科手术工具三维虚拟模型,导入虚拟现实软件(Unity 3D 5.5.1),结合虚拟现实头戴式显示器,自主研发1套口腔种植虚拟现实培训系统。选取2018年9月至2019年12月于福建医科大学口腔医学院·附属口腔医院口腔种植科轮转的10名进修医师和20名研究生作为受训对象(均无种植临床经验),根据医师年资,将同年资医师分层随机分为虚拟培训组和常规培训对照组,每组15人,两组进行相应培训后进行主观评分(包括解剖结构、手术视野、窝洞预备、种植体就位和流程掌握),并使用口腔种植虚拟现实培训系统进行测试,分析培训前后种植体近远中向、颊舌向、深度及角度偏差并比较两组差异。结果虚拟培训组5个维度的主观评分均显著大于常规培训对照组(P<0.05)。虚拟培训组种植体根部近远中向、颊舌向、深度及角度偏差[分别为(0.73±0.33)、(0.78±0.41)、(0.61±0.32)mm和6.66°±3.87°]均显著小于常规培训对照组[分别为(0.85±0.32)、(1.12±0.38)、(0.89±0.24)mm及9.68°±3.74°](P<0.05)。结论本项研究自主研发的口腔种植虚拟现实培训系统应用效果良好,具有较好的可操作性和可预期性,可有效进行口腔种植治疗培训,强化医师口腔种植操作技能,有利于临床实践。展开更多
An easy and delicate approach using cheap carbon source as conductive materials to construct 3D sequential porous structural Na3V2(PO4)3/C(NVP/C)with high performance for cathode materials of sodium ion battery is hig...An easy and delicate approach using cheap carbon source as conductive materials to construct 3D sequential porous structural Na3V2(PO4)3/C(NVP/C)with high performance for cathode materials of sodium ion battery is highly desired.In this paper,the NVP/C with 3D sequential porous structure is constructed by a delicate approach named as“cooking porridge”including evaporation and calcination stages.Especially,during evaporation,the viscosity of NVP/C precursor is optimized by controlling the adding quantity of citric acid,thus leading to a 3D sequential porous structure with a high specific surface area.Furthermore,the NVP/C with a 3D sequential porous structure enables the electrolyte to interior easily,providing more active sites for redox reaction and shortening the diffusion path of electron and sodium ion.Therefore,benefited from its unique structure,as cathode material of sodium ion batteries,the 3D sequential porous structural NVP/C exhibits high specific capacities(115.7,88.9 and 74.4 mA·h/g at current rates of 1,20 and 50 C,respectively)and excellent cycling stability(107.5 and 80.4 mA·h/g are remained at a current density of 1 C after 500 cycles and at a current density of 20 C after 2200 cycles,respectively).展开更多
基金This work was supported by the Talent Introduction Program of Hebei Agricultural University(No.YJ201810)the Youth Top-notch Talent Foundation of Hebei Provincial Universities,China(No.BJK2022023)+2 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)(No.22105059)the Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province,China(No.B2023204006)the talent training project of Hebei Province,China(No.A201901046).
文摘Electrochemical water splitting using renewable energy sources has been recognized as a sustainable way to produce hydrogen energy due to the characteristics of low-carbon and no pollution.However,the slow hydrogen/oxygen evolution reactions(HER/OER)seriously hinder the practical application of large-scale water splitting.In this paper,the 0D Ni/Co-based hollow material is discussed in detail because of adjustable morphology,low mass density and abundant active sites,which provides an effective solution for improving the HER/OER reaction kinetics.The synthesis methods of hollow materials,such as hard template,soft template and self-template are introduced.Afterward,catalysts with different structural designs of hollow structures are reviewed,including hollow single-shelled structure,hollow core-shelled structure,hollow double-shelled structure and hollow multi-shelled structure(HoMS)catalysts.Wherein,the research progress of the 0D Ni/Co-based HoMS electrocatalysts in recent years and their prominent performances in water splitting are highlighted.Finally,the challenges and development prospects of designing Ni/Co-based HoMS catalysts in water splitting in the future are discussed.
文摘目的评价虚拟现实技术在口腔种植治疗培训中的应用效果。方法利用2018年11月于福建医科大学口腔医学院·附属口腔医院口腔种植科就诊的1例下颌右侧第一磨牙缺失成年患者(女性,36岁)颌骨锥形束CT数据和厂家提供的数据,建立下颌骨和种植外科手术工具三维虚拟模型,导入虚拟现实软件(Unity 3D 5.5.1),结合虚拟现实头戴式显示器,自主研发1套口腔种植虚拟现实培训系统。选取2018年9月至2019年12月于福建医科大学口腔医学院·附属口腔医院口腔种植科轮转的10名进修医师和20名研究生作为受训对象(均无种植临床经验),根据医师年资,将同年资医师分层随机分为虚拟培训组和常规培训对照组,每组15人,两组进行相应培训后进行主观评分(包括解剖结构、手术视野、窝洞预备、种植体就位和流程掌握),并使用口腔种植虚拟现实培训系统进行测试,分析培训前后种植体近远中向、颊舌向、深度及角度偏差并比较两组差异。结果虚拟培训组5个维度的主观评分均显著大于常规培训对照组(P<0.05)。虚拟培训组种植体根部近远中向、颊舌向、深度及角度偏差[分别为(0.73±0.33)、(0.78±0.41)、(0.61±0.32)mm和6.66°±3.87°]均显著小于常规培训对照组[分别为(0.85±0.32)、(1.12±0.38)、(0.89±0.24)mm及9.68°±3.74°](P<0.05)。结论本项研究自主研发的口腔种植虚拟现实培训系统应用效果良好,具有较好的可操作性和可预期性,可有效进行口腔种植治疗培训,强化医师口腔种植操作技能,有利于临床实践。
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.51772294,51972306)the Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province,China(No.B2019204009)the Youth Innovation Promotion Association of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.2017070).
文摘An easy and delicate approach using cheap carbon source as conductive materials to construct 3D sequential porous structural Na3V2(PO4)3/C(NVP/C)with high performance for cathode materials of sodium ion battery is highly desired.In this paper,the NVP/C with 3D sequential porous structure is constructed by a delicate approach named as“cooking porridge”including evaporation and calcination stages.Especially,during evaporation,the viscosity of NVP/C precursor is optimized by controlling the adding quantity of citric acid,thus leading to a 3D sequential porous structure with a high specific surface area.Furthermore,the NVP/C with a 3D sequential porous structure enables the electrolyte to interior easily,providing more active sites for redox reaction and shortening the diffusion path of electron and sodium ion.Therefore,benefited from its unique structure,as cathode material of sodium ion batteries,the 3D sequential porous structural NVP/C exhibits high specific capacities(115.7,88.9 and 74.4 mA·h/g at current rates of 1,20 and 50 C,respectively)and excellent cycling stability(107.5 and 80.4 mA·h/g are remained at a current density of 1 C after 500 cycles and at a current density of 20 C after 2200 cycles,respectively).
