富钼专用保水剂对东北典型土壤保墒性能及大豆幼苗生长的影响

在东北集约化种植体系中,苗期水肥供应强度直接影响作物生长状况,并最终导致产量变异。富钼大豆专用保水剂是基于高分子材料合成与钼肥技术的耦合。针对东北2种典型土壤类型开展温室盆栽试验,通过二因子五水平的试验设计,研究土壤类型、保水剂类型及施用量对大豆苗期土壤水分利用效率及幼苗生长的影响。结果表明:1)施用不同剂量普通保水剂(H 2020)和富钼专用保水剂(GH 2021)均可在不同程度上提高土壤保水性能,并促进苗期大豆生长及地上部植株干质量;2)土壤含水率和大豆幼苗株高均随用量的增大而增加,且用量为0.5%的GH 2021显著促进大豆幼苗的生长,在黑土和风沙土条件下增幅分别可达68.0%和44.9%;3)0.5%剂量的GH 2021使风沙土土壤含水率提高343.1%,相较于施用H 2020保水性能提升33.6%;4)与H 2020相比,施用量为0.5%的GH 2021使风沙土条件下苗期大豆株高和地上部干质量分别提高16.3%和34.0%。综上,富钼专用保水剂在东北大豆种植区最佳应用范围为:2种土壤条件下,保水剂理论田间推荐用量为0.5%,其对风沙土的保墒性能优于黑土。该保水剂可用于提升干旱区土壤保水性能,改善苗期大豆生长环境和营养状况,最大限度激发东北大豆的增产潜力。

Phenotypic plasticity of Artemisia ordosica seedlings in response to different levels of calcium carbonate in soil

Plant phenotypic plasticity is a common feature that is crucial for explaining interspecific competition, dynamics and biological evolution of plant communities. In this study, we tested the effects of soil CaCO_3(calcium carbonate) on the phenotypic plasticity of a psammophyte, Artemisia ordosica, an important plant species on sandy lands in arid and semi-arid areas of China, by performing pot experiments under different CaCO_3 contents with a two-factor randomized block design and two orthogonal designs. We analyzed the growth responses(including plant height, root length, shoot-leaf biomass and root biomass) of A. ordosica seedlings to different soil CaCO_3 contents. The results revealed that, with a greater soil CaCO_3 content, A. ordosica seedlings gradually grew more slowly, with their relative growth rates of plant height, root length, shoot-leaf biomass and root biomass all decreasing significantly. Root N/P ratios showed significant negative correlations with the relative growth rates of plant height, shoot-leaf biomass and root length of A. ordosica seedlings; however, the relative growth rate of root length increased significantly with the root P concentration increased, showing a positive correlation. These results demonstrate that soil CaCO_3 reduces the local P availability in soil, which produces a non-adaptive phenotypic plasticity to A. ordosica seedlings. This study should prove useful for planning and promoting the restoration of damaged/degraded vegetation in arid and semi-arid areas of China.

Effects of soil stoichiometry of the CaCO_3/available phosphorus ratio on plant density in Artemisia ordosica communities

In soil, CaCO3 can reduce the availability of phosphorus in arid and semi-arid regions, thereby influencing plant growth. However, the effects of soil stoichiometry of the CaCO3/available phosphorus ratio (CaCO3/AP ratio) on plant density are unknown. In this study, we examined 4 Artemisia ordosica communities located in arid and semi-arid regions, and performed a pot experiment with an orthogonal design to examine the relationships between the soil CaCO3/AP ratio and plant density. The results showed that the soil stoichiometry of the CaCO3/AP ratio had a greater effect on growth of A. ordosica than either CaCO3 or AP as single factor. The influence of the soil CaCO3/AP ratio on density of A. ordosica was related to the climatic zone and the types and/or amplitudes of increases in the soil CaCO3/AP ratio. When the soil CaCO3/AP ratio was within the same amplitude and was less than 2.5, the A. ordosica density increased in the semi-arid region, whereas the density decreased with increasing soil CaCO3/AP ratios in the arid region. In the semi-arid region, when the soil CaCO3/AP ratio was within the same amplitude and the increase in the soil CaCO3 content was greater than the increase in soil AP, the A. ordosica density increased with increasing soil CaCO3/AP ratios. This means that the relationship between the soil CaCO3/AP ratio and the A. ordosica density remained the same. In the arid region, an increase in the soil CaCO3/AP ratio as a result of increased soil CaCO3 content and decreased soil AP resulted in increased density of A. ordosica. Therefore, the relationship between soil CaCO3/AP ratios and density of A. ordosica was altered by these changes in soil chemistry. Thus, the soil stoichiometry of the CaCO3/AP ratio is an important factor affecting the density of A. ordosica in arid and semi-arid regions.