公路日常养护费用指标及其调整系数分析研究

在《公路养护预算编制导则》(JTG 5610-2020)的宏观指导下,以其对日常养护费用指标制定提出的要求为依据,部分省份制定了新的公路日常养护费用指标,并根据各省份自身特点为日常养护费用指标制定了调整系数,给出了日常养护预算的计算方法。通过对各省份日常养护费用指标及调整系数进行对比和分析,对日常养护费用指标的确定以及调整系数的计算方法进行分析研究,为其他省份费用指标的制定提供参考。

AD中细胞状态改变与认知障碍相关性的实验研究

目的:为什么某些呈现阿尔茨海默症解剖性和分子性特征的个体仍然会保持认知能力,对此问题我们还未完全了解。为此我们展示了小胶质细胞和抑制性因素1沉默作用转录因子(REST,repressorelement1-silencing transcription factor)在不同浓度Aβ干预下的变化情况,以探讨AD病理特征与症状产生的相关性。方法:不同浓度Aβ处理BV2细胞和N2A细胞,用荧光显微镜下观察小胶质细胞的活性变化、凋亡和自噬情况;用Western Blot检测活化标志物MHC-Ⅱ蛋白表达水平;用荧光检测共聚焦显微镜观测REST蛋白在造模前后细胞内的定位的变化及海马神经元的凋亡;并采用Realtime PCR和Western blot的方法检测小鼠神经元中凋亡与自噬相关基因的表达。同时进一步探明REST核内缺失的原因。结果:随着Aβ浓度增加,细胞形态明显改变,变性小胶质细胞比例逐渐增加,静息态小胶质细胞比例逐渐减少,同时小胶质细胞活化标志物MHC-Ⅱ蛋白表达水平增加;不同浓度Aβ处理N2A细胞,发现N2A细胞活性逐渐减低,同时凋亡的BAX、CASP9和自噬标志基因LC-3的表达水平表达增强。而抑制凋亡的BCL2基因表达下降,而REST表达水平随着Aβ浓度升高而降低。酪蛋白激酶1(caseinkinnse-1,CK1)水平随Aβ浓度升高而升高,用CK1抑制剂D4476处理即可引起REST水平显著增加;荧光共聚焦显微镜观测发现6月龄APP/PS1双转基因小鼠海马区神经元细胞已出现REST核内表达减少。结论:随着Aβ浓度的升高,出现小胶质细胞激活、REST核内减少、神经元凋亡自噬等现象,这些可能是引起突触丢失、神经元凋亡,进而导致痴呆症状的产生的潜在原因。同时REST核内减少的原因可能与其泛素化降解有关。这也进一步佐证在认知正常的人群,较高的斑块负荷会增加了其未来发生痴呆的风险。

结核分枝杆菌利福平、异烟肼耐药检测对比研究

目的:应用比例法和GenoType MTBDRplus方法,对结核分枝杆菌利福平、异烟肼耐药性进行对比研究,分析GenoType MTBDRplus方法在结核病防治所开展的有效性。方法:同一份改良罗氏培养阳性标本进行比例法药敏试验和GenoType MTBDRplus方法检测利福平、异烟肼耐药性。结果:50份结核病患者的痰液标本,改良罗氏培养结果为阳性,进行比例法药敏试验和GenoType MTBDRplus方法检测,将比例法药敏试验结果作为评定标准,用GenoType MTBDRpuls方法的检测结果与之对比分析,利福平耐药性的敏感度为100%,特异度为97.9%,异烟肼耐药性的敏感度为83.3%,特异度为97.7%。结论:采用GenoType MTBDRpuls方法检测利福平和异烟肼的耐药性,可为临床诊断治疗耐药结核病提供快速有效的科学依据,对结核病防治所结核分枝杆菌的耐药检测和临床耐药患者的合理治疗方案确定有重要意义。

Exploring differentially expressed genes associated with fertility instability of S-type cytoplasmic male-sterility in maize by RNA-seq

The germplasm resources for the S-type male sterility is rich in maize and it is resistant to Bipolaris maydis race T and CI, but the commercial application of S-type cytoplasmic male sterility （CMS-S） in maize hybrid industry is greatly compromised because of its common fertility instability. Currently, the existence of multiple minor effect loci in specific nuclear genetic backgrounds was considered as the molecular mechanism for this phenomenon. In the present study, we evaluated the fertility segregation of the different populations with the fertility instable material FIL-H in two environments of Beijing and Hainan, China. Our results indicated that the fertility instability of FIL-H was regulated by multiple genes, and the expression of these genes was sensitive to environmental factors. Using RNA sequencing （RNA-seq） technology, transcriptomes of the sterile plants and partially fertile plants resulted from the backcross of FIL-HxJing 724 in Hainan were analyzed and 2 108 genes with different expression were identified, including 1 951 up-regulated and 157 down-regulated genes. The cluster analysis indicated that these differentially expressed genes （DEGs） might play roles in many biological processes, such as the energy production and conversion, carbohydrate metabolism and signal transduction. In addition, the path- way of the starch and sucrose metabolism was emphatically investigated to reveal the DEGs during the process of starch biosynthesis between sterile and partially fertile plants, which were related to the key catalytic enzymes, such as ADP-G pyrophosphorylase, starch synthase and starch branching enzyme. The up-regulation of these genes in the partially fertile plant may promote the starch accumulation in its pollen. Our data provide the important theoretical basis for the further exploration of the molecular mechanism for the fertility instability in CMS-S maize.

Discovery of MicroRNAs Associated with the S Type Cytoplasmic Male Sterility in Maize

MicroRNAs （miRNAs） are endogenous small RNAs that play important regulatory roles in the growth and development processes of plants and animals. In this study, we examined the expression profiles of pollen miRNAs from a maize S type cytoplasmic male sterile line and its fertility restored line. In total, 100 known miRNAs belonging to 20 families and 81 novel miRNAs belonging to 44 families were identified. Two and seven known miRNAs had significant expression difference between the two lines at the level of P-value〈0.01 and 0.01〈P-value〈0.05, respectively. Four miRNAs showing 〉1.5 fold expression difference were verified by stem-loop RT-qPCR. Gene Ontology analysis of miRNA target genes revealed that these genes mainly participated in the transcriptional regulation processes.

对吞咽功能障碍老年人进行营养干预研究

目的通过对吞咽功能障碍老年人进行营养干预,以观察病人营养不良的改善及吞咽功能的恢复。方法选择65～80岁吞咽功能障碍病人,洼田饮水试验≥3级者,随机分为对照组和试验组。对照组按照膳食医嘱给予流质、半流质、软食等,试验组则给予全糊状饮食,进行膳食干预。结果 60例病人微型营养评价精法(Mini-Nutritional Assessment Short Form,MNA-SF)营养不良为78. 3%,全面营养评价法(Body Composition Assessment,BCA)营养不良为83. 8%。干预前,2组病人的营养状况评价差异无统计学意义(P=0. 234,P=0. 360)。干预后,2组病人的营养状况差异具有统计学意义(P=0. 047,P=0. 016)。经过30 d干预,除体质量指数(body mass index,BMI)外,试验组的血红蛋白(hemoglobin,HB)、白蛋白(albumin,ALB)水平均高于对照组(P=0. 034,P=0. 042)。2组吞咽障碍程度比较,试验组低于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P=0. 037)。结论对吞咽功能障碍老年人实施营养干预,可以改善病人的营养不良,维持其吞咽功能,提高生活质量。

Near-Yrast Structures in Odd-Odd 122I Nucleus

Excited states of the odd-odd nucleus 122I are investigated via the fusion-evaporation reaction 116Cd(11B,5n)at a beam energy of 68 MeV.The two most strongly populated bands in 122I are observed up to excitation energies around 10.5 MeV.Their possible configurations at lower spins are assigned toπh_(11/2)■νh_(11/2) andπh_(11/2)■νd_(5/2) based on the observed population,B(M1)/B(E2)values,alignments and signature splitting.E1 transitions are observed connecting theπh_(11/2)■νd_(5/2) band to theπh_(11/2)■νh_(11/2) band,which may be evidence of octupole collectivity.Band terminations caused by the full alignment of the valence nucleons outside the 114Sn core are observed in both bands.

瘦素联合脂联素鉴别诊断结直肠癌与结直肠腺瘤的价值分析

目的:探讨瘦素(Leptin)联合脂联素(ADP)在结直肠癌(CRC)与结直肠腺瘤(CRA)鉴别诊断中的应用价值。方法:将2020年8月至2022年8月我院收治的102例CRC患者纳入CRC组,同期就诊的122例CRA患者纳入CRA组,同期健康体检的150名健康人纳入健康组。采用酶联免疫吸附法检测各组血清Leptin、ADP水平;采用Pearson相关分析探讨CRC与CRA患者Leptin与ADP的关系;采用受试者工作特性(ROC)曲线评估血清Leptin、ADP对CRC与CRA的鉴别诊断价值。结果:健康组、CRA组、CRC组血清Leptin水平依次升高,而血清ADP水平依次下降,组间比较差异均有统计学意义,P<0.05。CRC与CRA患者Leptin与ADP均呈负相关,r=-0.342、-0.401,均P<0.001。血清Leptin、ADP对CRC与CRA鉴别诊断的AUC(95%CI)分别为0.802(0.751~0.853)、0.739(0.668~0.790),截断值分别为3.81 ng/mL、13.32μg/mL,两者联合诊断的AUC(95%CI)为0.905(0.854~0.956)。结论:血清Leptin在CRC患者中表达高于CRA患者,而血清ADP表达低于CRA患者,两者联合检测在CRC与CRA的鉴别诊断中具有较高的临床价值。

2-D NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF RADIONUCLIDE TRANSPORT IN THE LOWER YANGTZE RIVER

The assessment of the radiological impact of the liquid discharges from nuclear power plants is a major issue for the envi- ronmental protection. In this study, a numerical model for the radionuclide transport in the aquatic environment is built, based on the hydrodynamic equations, including the complete set of Saint-Venant equations, the sediment transport equations, with consideration of several different particle sizes and the deposition and erosion of the suspended sediments, and the radionuclide transport equations The exchanges of radionuclides between water, suspended matter and bed sediments are described in terms of kinetic transfer coe- fficients. The model is used to simulate the transport of the radionuclides discharged from a planned nuclear power plant project to be sited along the lower Yangtze River. From the model results, one may see the detailed temporal-spatial evolution of the radio- nuclide contamination in the solution, in the suspended matter and in the bed sediments. The model can be used as a basic tool for studying the environmental impacts of the liquid discharges from nuclear facilities on a river system.