为进一步提高沥青路面的路用性能,提出将多孔中空二氧化硅纳米颗粒(MHSN)作为沥青烟的吸附剂,掺入沥青混合料中,测定改性沥青的路用性能。通过扫描电子显微镜(scanning electron microscope,SEM)、透射电子显微镜(transmission electron...为进一步提高沥青路面的路用性能,提出将多孔中空二氧化硅纳米颗粒(MHSN)作为沥青烟的吸附剂,掺入沥青混合料中,测定改性沥青的路用性能。通过扫描电子显微镜(scanning electron microscope,SEM)、透射电子显微镜(transmission electron microscope,TEM)和BET(Brunauer-Emmett-Teller)等测试手段对水热法制备的纳米MHSN进行表征,并测定MHSN改性沥青的流变性能和VOC的排放量。结果表明:MHSN表面的孔径大部分连续分布在0~50 nm;MHSN的掺入降低了沥青的针入度和提高了软化点,提高了沥青的复合剪切模量,使沥青的相位角略有减小,可以提高沥青混合料的高温抗车辙性能;MHSN的掺入可以显著降低沥青VOC的总排放量,对沥青VOC中各组分的排放有不同程度的抑制作用。由此可见,纳米MHSN掺量的沥青混合料路用性能表现优越,可用于道路施工中,并且经济效益和社会效益明显。展开更多
The destructiveness of impulse waves generated by landslides(IWL) originates from the wave’s movement and load, wherein the impulse wave’s load is the major cause of sub-aerial building damage and casualties. In thi...The destructiveness of impulse waves generated by landslides(IWL) originates from the wave’s movement and load, wherein the impulse wave’s load is the major cause of sub-aerial building damage and casualties. In this study, an experiment involving 16 groups of physical tests for the wave pressure generated by a landslide was designed, consisting of 4 sets of IWL and 4 opposite bank slope angles. A high-frequency strain system was used to measure the total pressure of the impulse wave in a water tank. The tests showed that the dynamic pressure caused by the IWL can be divided into two types: impact pressure generated by the jetflow and the pulsating pressure caused by the wave. Under the same impulse wave conditions, the maximum run-up becomes smaller as the opposite bank’s slope angle increases, and the jetflow maximum impact pressure experienced by the opposite bank increases, while the maximum pulsating pressure caused by the impulse wave is slightly decreased. Different from previous studies, the spatial maximum pressure distributions of the wave generated by landslide were concluded that the position of the maximum pulsating pressure appears adjacent to the still water surface, and the overall spatial distribution pattern of maximum wave pressure is presented as an inclined 'M' shape.Meanwhile, this study is the first to quantitatively analyzed that impact pressure has a very short action time, is even 7 times of the pulse pressure value, and there is a simple mathematical linear relationship between the two. Currently, some wave-load formulas for wind waves and tides are not applicable to calculating the loads of IWL. Research on the load of IWL will explain the hazard of impulse wave very clearly, and will greatly contribute to hazard prevention, mitigation and risk assessment work associated with IWL.展开更多
Apple bot canker [Botryosphaeria dothidea（Moug.） Ces.et de Not.] is distributed worldwide,resulting in a serious crop loss every year in apple（Malus domestica Borkh.） production.The resistance of each seedling der...Apple bot canker [Botryosphaeria dothidea（Moug.） Ces.et de Not.] is distributed worldwide,resulting in a serious crop loss every year in apple（Malus domestica Borkh.） production.The resistance of each seedling derived from a hybrid population（Jonathan×Golden Delicious） was evaluated by disease index either from natural infection in the field or from inoculation with five isolates of B.dothidea,Ls1,Lw023,Lw048,Mx1,and Zz26.The inheritance of the resistance to bot canker was analyzed via frequency distribution analysis,and microsatellite and AFLP markers linked to the resistance loci were screened.From the binary frequency distribution patterns,it was found that the segregation ratio of resistant/susceptible genotypes infected by pathogen isolates Lw023 and Ls1 was 1：15;and that by Zz26 and Mx1 was 15：1.The variation of resistance was involved in the segregation of two to four alleles of major genes,the resistance was recessive when infected by Lw023 and Ls1,but was dominant when infected with Mx1 and Zz26.A microsatellite maker,CH02a04-450,and two AFLP markers,E-AG/M-GAC-280 and E-AGG/M-CTT-110,were identified,and their map distances to the resistance loci were 5.1,5.1 and 6.2 cM,respectively.The three markers are located in different linkage groups,while CH02a04-450 is on linkage group 2 or 7.E-AG/M-GAC-280 was successfully converted into SCAR159.Finally,CH02a04-450 and SCAR159 were re-examined in inoculated segregation population and presented a good reliability on predicting phenotypes of resistance.展开更多
文摘为进一步提高沥青路面的路用性能,提出将多孔中空二氧化硅纳米颗粒(MHSN)作为沥青烟的吸附剂,掺入沥青混合料中,测定改性沥青的路用性能。通过扫描电子显微镜(scanning electron microscope,SEM)、透射电子显微镜(transmission electron microscope,TEM)和BET(Brunauer-Emmett-Teller)等测试手段对水热法制备的纳米MHSN进行表征,并测定MHSN改性沥青的流变性能和VOC的排放量。结果表明:MHSN表面的孔径大部分连续分布在0~50 nm;MHSN的掺入降低了沥青的针入度和提高了软化点,提高了沥青的复合剪切模量,使沥青的相位角略有减小,可以提高沥青混合料的高温抗车辙性能;MHSN的掺入可以显著降低沥青VOC的总排放量,对沥青VOC中各组分的排放有不同程度的抑制作用。由此可见,纳米MHSN掺量的沥青混合料路用性能表现优越,可用于道路施工中,并且经济效益和社会效益明显。
基金supported by National Key R&D Program of China(ID:2018YFC1504803)project from China Geological Survey(Grant No.121201009000150018 and DD20190637)Geological Hazard Prevention and Control Project for Follow-Up Work of the Three Gorges Project(000121 2018C C60 003)
文摘The destructiveness of impulse waves generated by landslides(IWL) originates from the wave’s movement and load, wherein the impulse wave’s load is the major cause of sub-aerial building damage and casualties. In this study, an experiment involving 16 groups of physical tests for the wave pressure generated by a landslide was designed, consisting of 4 sets of IWL and 4 opposite bank slope angles. A high-frequency strain system was used to measure the total pressure of the impulse wave in a water tank. The tests showed that the dynamic pressure caused by the IWL can be divided into two types: impact pressure generated by the jetflow and the pulsating pressure caused by the wave. Under the same impulse wave conditions, the maximum run-up becomes smaller as the opposite bank’s slope angle increases, and the jetflow maximum impact pressure experienced by the opposite bank increases, while the maximum pulsating pressure caused by the impulse wave is slightly decreased. Different from previous studies, the spatial maximum pressure distributions of the wave generated by landslide were concluded that the position of the maximum pulsating pressure appears adjacent to the still water surface, and the overall spatial distribution pattern of maximum wave pressure is presented as an inclined 'M' shape.Meanwhile, this study is the first to quantitatively analyzed that impact pressure has a very short action time, is even 7 times of the pulse pressure value, and there is a simple mathematical linear relationship between the two. Currently, some wave-load formulas for wind waves and tides are not applicable to calculating the loads of IWL. Research on the load of IWL will explain the hazard of impulse wave very clearly, and will greatly contribute to hazard prevention, mitigation and risk assessment work associated with IWL.
基金supported by the National Special Funds for Scientific Research on Public Causes(Agriculture) Project 3-22,China (nyhyzx07-024)the National High-Tech R&D Program of China (863 Program,2006AA100108 and 2006AA10Z1B6)
文摘Apple bot canker [Botryosphaeria dothidea（Moug.） Ces.et de Not.] is distributed worldwide,resulting in a serious crop loss every year in apple（Malus domestica Borkh.） production.The resistance of each seedling derived from a hybrid population（Jonathan×Golden Delicious） was evaluated by disease index either from natural infection in the field or from inoculation with five isolates of B.dothidea,Ls1,Lw023,Lw048,Mx1,and Zz26.The inheritance of the resistance to bot canker was analyzed via frequency distribution analysis,and microsatellite and AFLP markers linked to the resistance loci were screened.From the binary frequency distribution patterns,it was found that the segregation ratio of resistant/susceptible genotypes infected by pathogen isolates Lw023 and Ls1 was 1：15;and that by Zz26 and Mx1 was 15：1.The variation of resistance was involved in the segregation of two to four alleles of major genes,the resistance was recessive when infected by Lw023 and Ls1,but was dominant when infected with Mx1 and Zz26.A microsatellite maker,CH02a04-450,and two AFLP markers,E-AG/M-GAC-280 and E-AGG/M-CTT-110,were identified,and their map distances to the resistance loci were 5.1,5.1 and 6.2 cM,respectively.The three markers are located in different linkage groups,while CH02a04-450 is on linkage group 2 or 7.E-AG/M-GAC-280 was successfully converted into SCAR159.Finally,CH02a04-450 and SCAR159 were re-examined in inoculated segregation population and presented a good reliability on predicting phenotypes of resistance.
