Background Intracranial infection is one of the most common complications of open craniocerebral injury and of conventional craniotomy in neurosurgery. The presence of blood-brain barrier leads to lower drug concentra...Background Intracranial infection is one of the most common complications of open craniocerebral injury and of conventional craniotomy in neurosurgery. The presence of blood-brain barrier leads to lower drug concentrations in the cerebrospinal fluid than in the venous blood. Increasing the intravenous dosage or frequency carries the risk of systemic adverse reactions or infections in other parts of the body. Developing an artificial dura mater （ADM） for sustained antibiotic release for use during neurosurgery can solve the problems perfectly. Methods Three types of drug-loaded ADMs made of collagen and containing cefuroxime sodium, ceftriaxone sodium, or norvancomycin were prepared. The antibacterial activity and sustained release characteristics of the ADMs were examined using bacteriostatic and release tests. Results Single-layered collagen based ADMs （40 mm×50 mm×5 mm） containing 18 mg cefuroxime sodium or ceftriaxone sodium were not suitable for continued development because of drug preservation and stability issues. Using smaller ADMs （20 mm30 mm×7 mm）, containing 4.86 mg of norvancomycin, with increased collagen density and a three-layered film with two outer drug-free films above and below the antibiotic layer resulted in sustained cumulative release of 2.91 mg （59.9%） of norvancomycin over 72 hours. The similar factor （f2） comparison method proved that products from a same batch were statistically significant similar （f2 〉50）. Conclusions Artificial ADMs made of collagen can be processed to provide a mature dural repair material for the sustained release of norvancomycin. This system may provide a basis for developing sustained release materials for other drugs.展开更多
Background Microscope-integrated near-infrared indocyanine green video angiography （ICG-VA） has been used in neurosurgery for a decade. This study aimed to assess the value of intraoperative indocyanine green （ICG...Background Microscope-integrated near-infrared indocyanine green video angiography （ICG-VA） has been used in neurosurgery for a decade. This study aimed to assess the value of intraoperative indocyanine green （ICG） video angiography with Flow 800 software in cerebrovascular surgery and to discover its hemodynamic features and changes of cerebrovascular diseases during surgery. Methods A total of 87 patients who received ICG-VA during various surgical procedures were enrolled in this study. Among them, 45 cases were cerebral aneurysms, 25 were cerebral arteriovenous malformations （AVMs）, and 17 were moyamoya disease （MMD）. A surgical microscope integrating an infrared fluorescence module was used to confirm the residual aneurysms and blocking of perforating arteries in aneurysms. Feeder arteries, draining veins, and normal cortical vessels were identified by the time delay color mode of Flow 800 software. Hemodynamic parameters were recorded. All data were analyzed by SPSS version 18.0 （SPSS Inc., USA）. T-test was used to analyze the hemodynamic features of AVMs and MMDs, the influence on peripheral cortex after resection in AVMs, and superficial temporal artery to middle cerebral artery （STA-MCA） bypass in MMDs. Results The visual delay map obtained by Flow 800 software had more advantages than the traditional playback mode in identifying the feeder arteries, draining veins, and their relations to normal cortex vessels. The maximum fluorescence intensity （MFI） and the slope of ICG fluorescence curve of feeder arteries and draining veins were higher than normal peripheral vessels （MFI： 584.24±85.86 vs. 382.94_±91.50, slope： 144.95±38.08 vs. 69.20±13.08, P 〈0.05）. The arteriovenous transit time in AVM was significantly shorter than in normal cortical vessels （（0.60±0.27） vs. （2.08±1.42） seconds, P 〈0.05）. After resection of AVM, the slope of artery in the cortex increased, which reflected the increased cerebral flow. In patients with MMD, after STA-MCA bypass, cortex perfusion of corresponding branches region increased and local cycle time became shorter. Conclusion Intraoperative ICG video angiography combined with hemodynamic parameter analysis obtained by Flow 800 software appears to be useful for intraoperative monitoring of regional cerebral blood flow in cerebrovascular disease.展开更多
基金This work was supported by a grant of the National Natural Science Foundation of China （No. 81070978）. Conflicts of interest： None.
文摘Background Intracranial infection is one of the most common complications of open craniocerebral injury and of conventional craniotomy in neurosurgery. The presence of blood-brain barrier leads to lower drug concentrations in the cerebrospinal fluid than in the venous blood. Increasing the intravenous dosage or frequency carries the risk of systemic adverse reactions or infections in other parts of the body. Developing an artificial dura mater （ADM） for sustained antibiotic release for use during neurosurgery can solve the problems perfectly. Methods Three types of drug-loaded ADMs made of collagen and containing cefuroxime sodium, ceftriaxone sodium, or norvancomycin were prepared. The antibacterial activity and sustained release characteristics of the ADMs were examined using bacteriostatic and release tests. Results Single-layered collagen based ADMs （40 mm×50 mm×5 mm） containing 18 mg cefuroxime sodium or ceftriaxone sodium were not suitable for continued development because of drug preservation and stability issues. Using smaller ADMs （20 mm30 mm×7 mm）, containing 4.86 mg of norvancomycin, with increased collagen density and a three-layered film with two outer drug-free films above and below the antibiotic layer resulted in sustained cumulative release of 2.91 mg （59.9%） of norvancomycin over 72 hours. The similar factor （f2） comparison method proved that products from a same batch were statistically significant similar （f2 〉50）. Conclusions Artificial ADMs made of collagen can be processed to provide a mature dural repair material for the sustained release of norvancomycin. This system may provide a basis for developing sustained release materials for other drugs.
文摘Background Microscope-integrated near-infrared indocyanine green video angiography （ICG-VA） has been used in neurosurgery for a decade. This study aimed to assess the value of intraoperative indocyanine green （ICG） video angiography with Flow 800 software in cerebrovascular surgery and to discover its hemodynamic features and changes of cerebrovascular diseases during surgery. Methods A total of 87 patients who received ICG-VA during various surgical procedures were enrolled in this study. Among them, 45 cases were cerebral aneurysms, 25 were cerebral arteriovenous malformations （AVMs）, and 17 were moyamoya disease （MMD）. A surgical microscope integrating an infrared fluorescence module was used to confirm the residual aneurysms and blocking of perforating arteries in aneurysms. Feeder arteries, draining veins, and normal cortical vessels were identified by the time delay color mode of Flow 800 software. Hemodynamic parameters were recorded. All data were analyzed by SPSS version 18.0 （SPSS Inc., USA）. T-test was used to analyze the hemodynamic features of AVMs and MMDs, the influence on peripheral cortex after resection in AVMs, and superficial temporal artery to middle cerebral artery （STA-MCA） bypass in MMDs. Results The visual delay map obtained by Flow 800 software had more advantages than the traditional playback mode in identifying the feeder arteries, draining veins, and their relations to normal cortex vessels. The maximum fluorescence intensity （MFI） and the slope of ICG fluorescence curve of feeder arteries and draining veins were higher than normal peripheral vessels （MFI： 584.24±85.86 vs. 382.94_±91.50, slope： 144.95±38.08 vs. 69.20±13.08, P 〈0.05）. The arteriovenous transit time in AVM was significantly shorter than in normal cortical vessels （（0.60±0.27） vs. （2.08±1.42） seconds, P 〈0.05）. After resection of AVM, the slope of artery in the cortex increased, which reflected the increased cerebral flow. In patients with MMD, after STA-MCA bypass, cortex perfusion of corresponding branches region increased and local cycle time became shorter. Conclusion Intraoperative ICG video angiography combined with hemodynamic parameter analysis obtained by Flow 800 software appears to be useful for intraoperative monitoring of regional cerebral blood flow in cerebrovascular disease.
