丘陵地区农业机械化率影响因素研究——基于四川省10个典型县(市、区)的质化研究

为提升我国丘陵地区农业机械化水平,提高农业综合生产能力,以四川丘陵地区为例,对10个典型县(市)的相关人员进行调研,运用Nvivo12质性分析软件中的主轴编码法和内容分析方法,对调研资料进行提炼和整理,探寻影响四川丘陵地区农业机械化率的主要因素。研究发现:影响四川丘陵地区农业机械化率的主要因素包括自然地理条件、政策方面、市场化因素、农业产业化方面、农机装备水平、农机农艺融合度、劳动力因素及基础设施建设水平八个方面。在19个二级编码中,地形条件、农机社会化服务、农机装备结构及土地耕作条件占比均超过9.93%,属核心因素。基于此,提出需要推动宜机化设施建设与改造,提高设施水平;加大先进农机装备推广应用,提高装备水平;培育现代农机经营服务组织,提高服务水平等建议。

基于人工智能的智能建造安全管理方法与应用

研究基于人工智能的智能建造安全管理方法与应用。为了解决建筑行业施工现场安全管理面临的挑战,提出了一种基于人工智能的新方法--蜂鸟盒子。通过实地应用,融合AI+IOT技术,例证了蜂鸟盒子在建筑工程项目中的有效性和价值,为施工现场管理人员提供了多维立体的现场呈现和业务管理服务,实时发现问题、降低人力成本、提高管理效能。证明基于人工智能的智能建造安全管理方法具有广阔的应用前景,可以为施工现场安全管理提供可靠和创新的解决方案。

进博会室外吸烟点周边空气污染水平及优化设置研究

目的了解第三届中国国际进口博览会(简称“进博会”)室外吸烟点周边的空气污染水平,为大型展会活动室外吸烟点设置方案提供依据。方法在第三届进博会期间,选择8个代表性位置的室外吸烟点(其中2个为定点实时监测点,6个为随机多次监测点),使用便携式空气质量监测设备开展连续6天的周边空气PM_(1.0)、PM_(2.5)、PM_(10)、CO_(2)、温度、相对湿度等数据监测,并对监测完成后的数据进行整理,运用Pearson相关和独立样本t检验等统计学方法进行分析。结果定点实时监测中,场馆0米层的PM_(1.0)、PM_(2.5)、PM_(10)和CO_(2)瞬时浓度平均值分别为167μg/m^(3)、317μg/m^(3)、354μg/m^(3)和1619 mg/m^(3);16米层吸烟点的PM_(1.0)、PM_(2.5)、PM_(10)和CO_(2)瞬时浓度平均值分别为80μg/m^(3)、138μg/m^(3)、153μg/m^(3)和1229mg/m^(3)。场馆0米层吸烟点位空气污染物PM_(1.0)、PM_(2.5)、PM_(10)的瞬时浓度均显著高于16米层的吸烟点位(P<0.01)。此外,0米层固定吸烟点监测全程的PM_(2.5)/PM_(10)比值平均为89.3%,16米层的为87.0%,两者存在显著性差异(P<0.01)。随机多次监测的6个点位中,距离吸烟点≤6米的范围内,空气PM_(2.5)浓度出现最大值的频次均最多且浓度最高;随着与吸烟点距离的靠近,空气PM_(2.5)浓度呈现逐渐上升的趋势。结论吸烟点周边通风状况及与吸烟点的距离是周边空气污染物浓度的重要影响因素。

电子烟释放的特征挥发性有机物组分分析

使用预浓缩-气相色谱质谱法对6种不同口味电子烟抽吸过程中释放的特征挥发性有机物进行了定量分析和组分筛查。乙醇是所有化合物中检出率最高,浓度最高的化合物,浓度范围为2197~6211mg/m3,定量目标化合物中还有乙酸乙酯、丙烯醛和异丙醇检出,组分筛查出特殊风味的电子烟烟气中还存在大量的酯类、烯烃类等化合物。在测定的6种不同口味电子烟烟气中醇类物质占比最大,均在90%以上,酯类、烯烃类等其他种类物质占比在0.1~7.8%之间。模拟电子烟的抽吸过程中,特殊风味电子烟VOCs吸入量大于烟草味电子烟。

Ten cities cross-sectional questionnaire survey of children asthma and other allergies in China

Asthma,rhinitis and eczema(allergic or non-allergic)have increased throughout the world during the last decades,especially among children.Changes in the indoor environment are suspected to be important causes.China has experienced a dramatic change in indoor environmental exposures during the past two decades.However,such changes and their associations with children’s asthma and other health aspects have not been thoroughly studied.China,Children,Homes,Health(CCHH),Phase I,was a cross-sectional questionnaire survey of 48219 children 1–8 years old in 10 Chinese cities during 2010–2012.The questionnaire includes the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood(ISAAC)core health questions and additional questions regarding housing,life habits and outdoor environment.In health analyses,children aged 3–6 years old were included.The prevalences of doctor diagnosed asthma varied from 1.7%to 9.8%(mean 6.8%),a large increase from 0.91%in 1999 and 1.50%in2000.The prevalence of wheeze,rhinitis and atopic eczema(last 12 months)varied from 13.9%to 23.7%,24.0%to 50.8%and4.8%to 15.8%,respectively.Taiyuan had the lowest prevalences of all illnesses and Shanghai the highest,except for wheezewhere the highest value was for Urumqi.We found(1)no obvious association between disease prevalences and ambient PM10concentrations and(2)higher prevalences of disease in humid climates with hot summers and cold winters,but with no centrally heated buildings.Associations between the diseases and economic status as indexed by Gross Domestic Product(GDP)requires further study.

Prenatal and early life home environment exposure in relation to preschool children's asthma, allergic rhinitis and eczema in Taiyuan, China

Prenatal and early life home environment might be related to children’s asthma or allergic diseases later in life.A cross-sectional epidemiological study was designed and a questionnaire survey was performed in 3700 preschool children in urban areas in Taiyuan,Shanxi Province,China.Questions on children’s asthma and allergic diseases from the International Study on Asthma and Allergies in Childhood(ISAAC)were integrated with questions on home environment from the Swedish Dampness in Buildings and Health(DBH)study,appropriately modified for Chinese life habits.By multivariate regression analyses controlling for age,gender,heredity,location in urban/suburban or rural areas,environmental tobacco smoke(ETS)and breastfeeding,we found that home new furniture(HNF)before birth(referring to 1 year before pregnancy and during pregnancy)was positively associated with wheezing ever(odds ratio(OR)1.23 with 95%CI of 1.03–1.48)and wheezing last 12 months(1.24,1.00–1.54),allergic rhinitis(AR)(1.26,1.06–1.51),and eczema(1.42,1.01–1.99).HNF between 0–1 years old was also positively associated with wheezing last 12 months.Home new decoration(HND)during 0–1 years old was positively associated with AR symptoms and eczema symptoms,more in the last 12 months.Stronger positive associations were found for signs of home mold and dampness with almost all children’s asthmatic and allergic symptoms(OR ranging from 1.23–1.85,P<0.05).By mutual adjustment between HNF before children’s birth and home mold or dampness,all the significance remained unchanged.Prenatal HNF and home mold or dampness was independently associated with children’s asthmatic and allergic diseases later in life.

Housing characteristics and indoor environment in relation to children's asthma, allergic diseases and pneumonia in Urumqi, China

In order to evaluate the prevalence of childhood asthma,allergic diseases and pneumonia in Urumqi City,China,as well as its associations with housing and home characteristics,a cross-sectional study was performed in 4618 children(81.7%response rate,average age 4.7±0.9 year,boys accounting for 53.7%).Questions on children’s asthma and allergic diseases were from the International Study on Asthma and Allergies in Childhood(ISAAC)and were integrated with questions on the home environment from the Dampness in Buildings and Health(DBH)study,slightly modified to account for Chinese building characteristics and life habits.The prevalences of physician diagnosed asthma,allergic rhinitis(AR)and pneumonia were 3.6%,8.7%and 40.9%,respectively.One fourth of children reported wheezing and more than 40%AR symptoms in the last 12 months.Controlling for confounding factors,positive associations were found for home mold/dampness and wheezing(adjusted odds ratio,aOR 1.33,95%CI 1.07 1.66),AR symptoms(1.34,1.09 1.64)last 12 months and physician diagnosed pneumonia(1.33,1.09 1.62).Floor material by wood,PVC or carpeting;and walls by wallpaper,painting or wood material,were positively associated with AR symptoms.Home environmental tobacco smoke(ETS)was positively associated with wheezing(1.23,1.04 1.46)and pneumonia(1.25,1.07 1.45).In conclusion,there was a relatively high prevalence of asthmatic and AR symptoms and diagnosed pneumonia in preschool children in Urumqi.Home signs of mold growth or dampness,windowpane condensation,as well as ETS and interior surface materials emitting chemicals were risk factors for allergic symptoms and pneumonia.

Home risk factors for childhood pneumonia in Nanjing, China

Pneumonia is a major cause of childhood morbidity in China.Many studies of rural areas have found an association between pneumonia and air pollution from burning of bio-mass.The present study is of children living in urban,modern homes without burning of bio-mass.In order to investigate potential home risk factors associated with children’s pneumonia,China Child Home Health(CCHH)questionnaires were randomly distributed to parents of 6461 children in 23 kindergartens in all 11 districts of Nanjing,covering urban,suburban,and industrial areas.The 4014 valid questionnaires(response rate 65.7%)were returned and have been analyzed.The lifetime incidence of pneumonia in Nanjing children 1–8 years old is 26.7%.The incidence of croup,asthma and frequent common colds was strongly associated with pneumonia,as was a history of allergies in the family,and persons other than parents(for example grandparents or nanny)taking care of the child.Several home environmental factors,namely,dampness,lack of ventilation,using coal or natural gas(electricity as reference)for cooking,new furniture,and"modern"floor and wall covering materials were also significantly associated with pneumonia.The indoor environment typical of modern apartments in China was a risk factor for pneumonia among children.