经皮椎间孔镜技术与显微镜辅助治疗腰椎间盘突出症的临床疗效分析

目的 对比分析经皮椎间孔镜技术与显微镜辅助治疗腰椎间盘突出症的临床效果。方法 采用随机数表法,将2017年10月-2019年12月该院收治的60例腰椎间盘突出症患者随机分为:采用经皮椎间孔镜治疗的试验组和采用显微镜辅助治疗的对照组,每组30例。术后分析两组患者的临床治疗效果。结果试验组手术时间和住院时间均短于对照组,切口长度短于对照组,术中出血量少于对照组(P <0.05);术后1周,试验组视觉模拟评分(VAS)低于对照组,日本骨科学会(JOA)评分高于对照组(P <0.05);两组患者临床优良率、术后1和3个月VAS和JOA评分比较,差异均无统计学意义(P> 0.05);对照组术中发生1例硬膜囊撕裂,采用可吸收线修补。其余患者术中及术后均无并发症发生。结论 经皮椎间孔镜技术可有效缩小手术切口,减少术中失血量,减轻短期疼痛,促进患者腰椎功能恢复,且不增加患者并发症发生率,值得临床推广应用。

Merging History of Massive Galaxies at 3

The observational data of high redshift galaxies become increasingly abundant,especially since the operation of the James Webb Space Telescope,which allows us to verify and optimize the galaxy formation model at high redshifts.In this work,we investigate the merging history of massive galaxies at 3<z<6 using a well-developed semi-analytic galaxy formation catalog.We find that the major merger rate increases with redshift up to 3 and then flattens.The fraction of wet mergers,during which the sum of the cold gas mass is higher than the sum of the stellar mass in two merging galaxies,also increases from~34%at z=0 to 96%at z=3.Interestingly,almost all major mergers are wet at z>3.This can be attributed to the high fraction(>50%)of cold gas at z>3.In addition,we study some special systems of massive merging galaxies at 3<z<6,including the massive gas-rich major merging systems and extreme dense proto-clusters,and investigate the supermassive black hole-dark matter halo mass relation and dual active galactic nuclei.We find that the galaxy formation model reproduces the incidence of those observed massive galaxies,but fails to reproduce the relation between the supermassive black hole mass and the dark matter halo mass at z~6.The latter requires more careful estimates of the supermassive black hole masses observationally.Otherwise,it could suggest modifications of the modeling of the supermassive black hole growth at high redshifts.

Compact generation scheme of path–frequency hyperentangled photons using 2D periodical nonlinear photonic crystal

Hyperentanglement is a promising resource for achieving high capacity quantum communication.Here,we propose a compact scheme for the generation of path-frequency hyperentangled photon pairs via spontaneous parametric down-conversion(SPDC)processes,where six different paths and two different frequencies are covered.A two-dimensional periodicalχ^((2))nonlinear photonic crystal(NPC)is designed to satisfy type-Ⅰquasi-phase-matching conditions in the plane perpendicular to the incident pump beam,and a perfect phase match is achieved along the pump beam's direction to ensure high conversion efficiency,with theoretically estimated photon flux up to 2.068×10^(5) pairs·s^(-1)·mm^(-2).We theoretically calculate the joint-spectral amplitude(JSA)of the generated photon pair and perform Schmidt decomposition on it,where the resulting entropy S of entanglement and effective Schmidt rank K reach 3.2789 and 6.4675,respectively.Our hyperentangled photon source scheme could provide new avenues for high-dimensional quantum communication and high-speed quantum information processing.

Generation of hyperentangled photon pairs based on lithium niobate waveguide

Generation of hyperentangled photon pairs is investigated based on the lithium niobate straight waveguide.We propose to use the nonlinear optical process of spontaneous parametric down-conversion(SPDC)and a well-designed lithium niobate waveguide structure to generate a hyperentangled(in the polarization dimension and the energy-time dimension)two-photon state.By performing numerical simulations of the waveguide structure and calculating the possible polarization states,joint spectral amplitudes(JSA),and joint temporal amplitudes(JTA)of the generated photon pair,we show that the generated photon pair is indeed hyperentangled in both the polarization dimension and the energy-time dimension.

Aerodynamic Characteristics of Isolated Loaded Tires with Different Tread Patterns: Experiment and Simulation

The current research of tire aerodynamics mainly focus on the isolated and simplified tread tire.Compared with the real complex pattern tire,the tread pattern structure and deformed profile of a loaded tire has a greatly influence on tire aerodynamic drag.However,the mechanisms of the isolated loaded tires with different tread patterns effects on the aerodynamic drag are subjects worthy of discussion.The purpose of this study is to experimentally and compu-tationally investigate the aerodynamic characteristics of three tires 185/65 R14 with different patterns under loaded.A wind tunnel test model was first established using three-dimensional(3D)printing with a ratio of 1:1,and the pres-sure coefficients C_(p) of the three tires with different patterns are measured.The paper then conducted computational fluid dynamics(CFD)simulations for analyzing the pressure and flow characteristics.The accuracy of CFD simulation is verified by comparing the simulation results with the test results of pressure coefficients C_(p),and they are of good consistency.While,the general analysis of pressure coefficients C_(p) results of the three tires indicates high-pressure area on the windward surface,and occurrence of low-pressure area on the leeward surface,the pressure coefficients C_(p) of all three tires decreased firstly and then increased along in the air flow direction.The authors finally analyzed the effect of tread patterns on the flow field around the tire and revealed the differences between flow characteristics and aerodynamic drag.The results show that,angle of tire lateral groove has great effect on the flow field characteristics such that;the more the angle of lateral groove agrees with the air flow direction,the less the flow separation and flow vortices,and a minimum observable aerodynamic drag.The research provides a guidance for the design of low aerodynamic drag tires,and helps to illustrate the impact of tire aerodynamics on the car body in the future.

药物去势联合放疗对前列腺癌患者的效果评估

目的探讨药物去势治疗联合根治性放射治疗前列腺癌患者的效果和安全性研究。方法选取2014年1月-2016年1月禹城市人民医院收治且年龄超过70岁的前列腺癌患者89例作为研究对象。随机分为药物去势联合根治性放疗组(观察组44例)和单纯根治性放疗组(对照组45例),观察临床疗效及不良反应发生情况,随访观察疾病中位无进展生存时间(mPFS)。结果两组客观缓解率和疾病控制率(客观缓解率61.4% VS 33.3%,疾病控制率95.5% VS 55.6%)比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),观察组均高于对照组;观察组的mPFS为(36.5±3.7)个月,对照组为(19.8±2.4)个月,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组总生存时间(OS)为(39.8±3.8)个月,对照组为(25.4±2.7)个月,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。多因素分析发现前列腺癌患者KPS 70~80分、淋巴结转移阳性患者、Gleason评分G8~10及单纯放疗是前列腺癌患者PFS和OD的影响因素;药物去势联合根治性放疗同样与患者OS相关。结论药物去势联合根治性放射治疗高龄前列腺癌患者有较好的生存获益,值得临床推广应用。

GABE: Galaxy Assembly with Binary Evolution

We developed a new semi-analytic galaxy formation model: Galaxy Assembly with Binary Evolution(GABE). For the first time, we introduce binary evolution into semi-analytic models of galaxy formation by using the Yunnan-Ⅱ stellar population synthesis model, which includes various binary interactions. When implementing our galaxy formation model onto the merger trees extracted from the Millennium simulation, it can reproduce a large body of observational results. We find that in the local universe, the model including binary evolution reduces the luminosity at optical and infrared wavelengths slightly, but it increases the luminosity at ultraviolet wavelengths significantly, especially in FUV band. The resulting luminosity function does not change very much over SDSS optical bands and infrared band, but the predicted colors are bluer, especially when the FUV band is under consideration. The new model allows us to explore the physics of various high energy events related to the remnants of binary stars, such as type Ia supernovae, short gamma-ray bursts and gravitational wave events, and their relation with host galaxies in a cosmological context.

不同肠袢标识方法在单气囊小肠镜辅助内镜下逆行胰胆管造影术中的应用研究

目的比较不同肠袢标识方法在单气囊小肠镜辅助内镜下逆行胰胆管造影术(ERCP)的对比应用效果。方法选取该院消化内科2015年6月-2017年5月36例单气囊小肠镜辅助下ERCP的患者,根据入院时间随机分为A、B、C 3组,A组用钛夹标识已检查肠袢的方法确认输入袢、B组用亚甲蓝标识已检查肠袢的方法确认输入袢、C组为对照组,比较3组患者手术操作时间(记录手术开始时间、到达输入袢的乳头或者Roux-en-Y胆道吻合部位时间)、并发症发生率和手术成功率。结果手术操作时间A组为42.17 min,C组为59.83 min,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.01),A组与B组,及B组和C组,两两比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);并发症发生率、手术成功率,3组两两比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论在单气囊小肠镜辅助下ERCP的手术操作时间,用钛夹标识肠袢方法具有明显的优势。

miR-125b, miR-200c Are Correlated with the Severity of Interstitial Lung Disease in Dermatomyositis/Polymyositis

Objective: To explore the correlations between miR-125b, miR-200c, and the severity of interstitial lung disease associated with dermatomyositis/polymyositis (DM/PM-ILD). Methods: 30 consecutive patients with DM/PM and 23 healthy controls were recruited into current study. Anti-JO-1, anti-SSA, muscle enzymes, the data of chest HRCT and pulmonary function test were collected. 9 consecutive DM/PM-ILD patients underwent bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL). TGF-β1 and surfactant protein D (SP-D) in BAL fluid (BALF) and plasma were detected by ELISA. miR-125b and miR-200c in PBMCs and bronchoalveolar cells were detected by QRT-PCR. All patients were classified into three groups: Mild or non-ILD group, moderate ILD group, and severe ILD group. The correlations between miRNAs and the severity of ILD, the lung damage markers, auto-antibodies, were analyzed. Results: The levels of miR-125b and miR-200c in bronchoalveolar cells were higher than in PBMCs, and the levels of TGF-β1 and SP-D were higher in BALF than in plasma in DM/PM-ILD patients. There were positive correlations between miR-125b, miR-200c in bronchoalveolar cells and SP-D in BALF. The levels of miR-125b and miR-200c in severe ILD group were higher than in mild or non-ILD and moderate ILD groups. There were negative correlations between miR-125b, miR-200c, and FEV1, and between miR-200c and DLCO. The patients with anti-JO-1 antibody had higher levels of miR-125b and miR-200c, and had more severe condition of ILD. Conclusion: miR-125b and miR-200c were positively correlated with the lung damage and severity of ILD in DM/PM, which could be important markers for judgement of disease condition in clinic.

The Differences of Interstitial Lung Diseases in High-Resolution Computerized Tomography and Pulmonary Function Test among Different Connective Tissue Diseases, and the Correlated Factors

Objective. To study the difference of interstitial lung diseases (ILDs) in high-resolution computerized tomography and pulmonary function test among different connective tissue diseases (CTDs). Methods. 209 patients with different CTDs were recruited and underwent lung HRCT and PFT. Eerythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), C-reactive protein (CRP), serum ferritin (SF), anti-SSA, and so on were tested. Based on HRCT, a patient was classified into ILD group (CTD+ILD) or non-ILD group (CTD-ILD). HRCT, PFT, and laboratory markers were compared according to CTDs and CTD-associated ILDs. Results. The incidences of ILD were 79.6%, 82.0%, 89.7%, and 97.1% respectively for Rheumatoid arthritis (RA), primary Sjogren’s symptom (pSS), dermatomyositis/polymyositis (DM/PM), and systemic sclerosis (SSc) groups. RA and pSS patients exhibited more nodules, patching, ground-glass opacity, and cord shadow foci in HRCT, DM/PM and SSc patients exhibited more reticular opacity and honeycombing foci. RA and pSS patients exhibited more obstructive ventilatory disorder, small airway dysfunction and emphysema in PFT, and DM/PM and SSc patients exhibited more restrictive ventilatory disorder, mixed ventilatory disorder. ESR, CRP and SF were significantly higher in total CTD+ILD group than in total CTD-ILD group (P = 0.047, 0.006, 0.004, respectively), and higher in different CTD+ ILD groups than in comparable CTD-ILD groups (P = 0.049, 0.048, and 0.023, pSS+ILD, SSc+ILD and RA+ILD compared to pSS-ILD, SSc-ILD and RA-ILD, respectively for ESR, CRP, SF). The positive rate of anti-SSA was significantly higher in DM/PM+ILD group than in DM/PM-ILD group (P = 0.025). Conclusions. The manifestations and incidences of ILDs differ among different CTDs in HRCT and PFT, and inflammation and anti-SSA are positively correlated with ILDs in different CTDs, which provide important evidences for judging disease condition and prognosis.

Active component of Isatidis Radixon insulin resistance in diabetes mellitus rat

OBJECTIVE To investigate the role of active component of Isatidis Radix on insulin resistance in the diabetes mellitus rat.METHODS To induce diabetic rat model with long-term high sugar and high fat plus low-dose streptozotocin(25 mg·kg-1).Then rats were randomly divided into 6 groups:control group,model group,rosiglitazone maleate group(0.3mg·kg-1),high(100mg·kg-1),middle(50mg·kg-1)and low(25 mg·kg-1)active component of Isatidis Radix group.Drugs were adiministered orally once a day.After four weeks,following substances were measured:serum fasting blood glucose,total cholesterol,triglycerides,high density lipoprotein,low density lipoprotein,free fatty acids,fasting insulin,insulin index,pathological observation and immunohistochemistry technology of pancreas islet.RESULTS High and middle active component of Isatidis Radix group could decrease serum FBG,TC,TG,LDL,FFA,FINS and increase serum HDL,ISI;the damage of the pancreas islet has been restoration partly.CONCLUSION Active component of Isatidis Radix could improve insulin resistance in diabetic rats,which might be related to improvement of the function of pancreas islet.

IN VIVO TRANS-RECTAL ULTRASOUND-COUPLED NEAR-INFRARED OPTICAL TOMOGRAPHY OF INTACT NORMAL CANINE PROSTATE

This is the first tomography-presentation of the optical properties of a normal canine prostate,in vivo,in its native intact environment in the pelvic canal.The imaging was performed by trans-rectal near-infrared(NIR)optical tomography in steady-state measurement at 840 nm on three sagittal planes across the right lobe,middle-line,and left lobe,respectively,of the prostate gland.The NIR imaging planes were position-correlated with concurrently applied trans-rectal ultrasound,albeit there was no spatial prior employed in the NIR tomography reconstruction.The reconstructed peak absorption coefficients of the prostate on the three planes were 0.014,0.012,and 0.014mm^(−1).The peak reduced scattering coefficients were 5.28,5.56,and 6.53 mm^(−1).The peak effective attenuation coefficients were 0.45,0.43,and 0.50 mm^(−1).The absorption and effective attenuation coefficients were within the ranges predictable at 840 nm by literature values which clustered sparsely from 355 nm to 1064 nm,none of which were performed on a canine prostate with similar conditions.The effective attenuation coefficients of the gland were shown to be generally higher in the internal aspects than in the peripheral aspects,which is consistent with the previous findings that the urethral regions were statistically more attenuating than the capsular regions.

Component fault diagnosis for nonlinear systems

In the field of fault diagnosis, the state equation of nonlinear system, including the actuator and the component, has been established. When the faults in the system appear, it is difficult to observe the fault isolation between the actuator and the component. In order to diagnose the component fault in the nonlinear systems, a novel strategy is proposed. The nonlinear state equation with only the component system is built on mathematical equations. The nonlinearity of the component equation is expanded and estimated with Taylor series. If the actuator is perfect, the anomaly of the state equations reflects the component fault. The fault feature index is defined to detect the component fault and the initial fault. The numerical examples of the component faults are simulated for multiple-input multiple-output(MIMO)nonlinear systems. The results show that the component faults,as well as the incipient faults, can be detected. Furthermore, the effectiveness of the proposed strategy is verified. This method can also provide a foundation for the component fault reconfiguration control.

规避编程过程中的不确定性——一种新的适用于通识课程的教学方法（英文）

针对非计算机专业学生数学和计算机编程薄弱的问题,介绍一个让学生快速掌握决策结构(If-else/If语句)的教学方法。文章演示如何在CSC115这一门通识课中应用该方法,帮助这些基础不够的学生跨越学习过程中的种种不同的疑惑,从而迅速提升学生识习判断语句后的编程技巧。和其他方法(诸如传统的积累方法)不同,该方法更注重循序渐进地对关键技术点进行讲解,以期这些学生能在现有的技术技能基础上理解和执行。这样,学生的学习更加有效和快速。

Porous garnet as filler of solid polymer electrolytes to enhance the performance of solid-state lithium batteries

In order to enhance the ionic conductivity of solid polymer electrolytes(SPEs)and their structural rigidity against lithium dendrite during lithium-ion battery(LIB)cycling,we propose porous garnet Li6.4La3Zr2Al0.2O12(LLZO),as the filler to SPEs.The porous LLZO with interlinked grains was synthesized via a resol-assisted cationic coordinative co-assembly approach.The porous structure of LLZO with high specific surface area facilitates the interaction between polymer and filler and provides sufficient entrance for Li^(+)migration into the LLZO phase.Furthermore,the interconnection of LLZO grains forms continuous inorganic pathways for fast Li^(+)migration,which avoid the multiple diffusion for Li^(+)in interface.As a result,the SPEs with porous LLZO(SPE-PL)show a high ionic conductive of 0.73 mS·cm^(-1) at 30℃ and lithium-ion transference number of 0.40.The porous LLZO with uniformly dispersed pores also acts as an ion distributor to regulate ionic flux.The lithium-symmetrical batteries assembled with SPE-PL show a highly stable Li plating/stripping cycling for nearly 3000 h at 0.1 mA·cm^(-2).The corresponding Li/LiFePO_(4) batteries also exhibit excellent cyclic performance with capacity retention of 75%after nearly 500 cycles.This work brings new insights into the design of conductive fillers and the optimization of SPEs.

Genetic lineage tracing identifies cardiac mesenchymal-to-adipose transition in an arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy model

Arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy(ACM)is one of the most common inherited cardiomyopathies,characterized by progressive fibrofatty replacement in the myocardium.However,the cellular origin of cardiac adipocytes in ACM remains largely unknown.Unraveling the cellular source of cardiac adipocytes in ACM would elucidate the underlying pathological process and provide a potential target for therapy.Herein,we generated an ACM mouse model by inactivating desmosomal gene desmoplakin in cardiomyocytes;and examined the adipogenic fates of several cell types in the disease model.The results showed that SOX9^(+),PDGFRa^(+),and PDGFRb^(+)mesenchymal cells,but not cardiomyocytes or smooth muscle cells,contribute to the intramyocardial adipocytes in the ACM model.Mechanistically,Bmp4 was highly expressed in the ACM mouse heart and functionally promoted cardiac mesenchymal-to-adipose transition in vitro.

白内障超声乳化术后陈旧性角膜后弹力层脱离

患者男性,87岁,白内障术后右眼视物模糊10余年,查体可见角膜中央大片后弹力层皱褶,结合病史及前节OCT等辅助检查初步诊断为右眼陈旧性角膜后弹力层脱离,根据共聚焦显微镜结果判断褶皱区域无内皮细胞,于是先后行右眼后发性白内障联合残余皮质抽吸术以及右眼角膜后弹力层剪除和前房成形术,术后患者视力提高。本文结合病理检查分析了该患者大片后弹力层脱离后角膜透明的原因以及内皮代偿的方式,并总结了预防术源性角膜后弹力层脱离的要点以及注意事项。

Influence of Ca Content on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Extruded Mg–Al–Ca–Mn Alloys

Herein,the effects of Ca content on microstructure,texture and mechanical properties of extruded Mg–3Al–0.4Mn–xCa(x=0.4,0.8 and 1.2 wt%)rods are systematically investigated.The results reveal that the alloy,with Ca content of 0.8 wt%,exhibits the highest strength and ductility,possessing an ultimate tensile strength of 267.57 MPa and elongation(EL)of 16%.This is mainly due to the gradual transformation of typical fiber texture into a texture with a[10-11]component parallel to the extrusion direction(ED),which increases the Schmid factor of pyramidal slip and enhances the activation rate of pyramidal(c+a)slip.Simultaneously,the as-formed spherical phases and segregation of Ca at grain boundaries render a significant influence on the strength and ductility of the alloy.

Effect of Zn and Y Additions on Grain Boundary Movement of Mg Binary Alloys During Static Recrystallization

Texture evolution in rolled Mg-1 wt%Zn and Mg-1 wt%Y binary alloys was analyzed by quasi-in situ electron backscatter diffraction(EBSD)during static recrystallization.Mg-1 wt%Zn and Mg-1 wt%Y alloys exhibited strong basal texture at the initial recrystallization state.After grain growth annealing,the basal texture component{0001}<1120>was increased in Mg-1 wt%Zn alloy and that of Mg-1 wt%Y alloy was decreased to be a random texture.Zn and Y atoms segregated strongly to the recrystallized grain boundaries in Mg-1 wt%Zn alloy and Mg-1 wt%Y alloy,respectively.Thus,Zn and Y elements facilitated the grain boundary movements along contrary directions during grain growth.In Mg-1 wt%Zn alloy,due to the Zn element segregation on grain boundaries,the grains consisted of a strong texture grew more easily because the grain boundary migration tended to move from the orientation close to normal direction to the orientation near to transverse direction or rolling direction.Therefore,after grain growth,the volume fraction of texture component{0001}<1120>was increased by consuming the neighboring grains,leading to a stronger basal texture.On the contrary,in the Mg-1 wt%Y alloy,the Y element segregation caused the opposite direction of grain boundary migration,resulting in a random texture.

血清钙对创伤性凝血病患者预后价值的研究

目的:探讨血清钙水平与创伤性凝血病(TIC)患者预后的相关性。方法:回顾性分析2015年1月至2023年1月因TIC入住嘉兴市第一医院ICU的142例患者的临床资料,按入ICU后28 d的预后分为存活组(80例)和死亡组(62例)。对比两组患者的基本资料、入ICU后24 h内的实验室检查指标及血液消耗量评估评分。采用多因素logistic回归分析TIC患者的预后危险因素,并绘制受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线分析血清钙对TIC患者发生死亡危险的诊断价值。同时,采用限制性立方样条图(RCS)评价入ICU后首次血清钙水平与TIC患者死亡风险之间的线性关系。结果:与存活组患者比较,死亡组患者低纤维蛋白原[65.0%(52/80)vs.88.7%(55/62),χ^(2)=3.240,P<0.001]、高乳酸血症[65.0%(52/80)vs.88.7%(55/62),χ^(2)=3.240,P<0.001]、低钙血症[73.8%(59/80)vs.96.8%(60/62),χ^(2)=3.223,P<0.001]占比均较高,血小板计数[118(84,148)×10^(9)/L vs.94(50,116)×10^(9)/L,Z=3.447,P<0.001]及白蛋白水平[(28±6)g/L vs.(23±8)g/L,t=3.732,P<0.001]均显著降低,血清氯显著升高[113(110,116)mmol/L vs.115(111,118)mmol/L,Z=2.350,P=0.019]。多因素logistic回归分析显示,低钙血症[比值比(OR)=5.019,95%置信区间(CI)(1.279,19.690),P=0.021]以及高乳酸血症[OR=3.970,95%CI(1.353,11.075),P=0.012]是TIC患者死亡的独立危险因素。ROC曲线显示,血清钙的曲线下面积为0.734[95%CI(0.652,0.816),P<0.001],最佳截断值为1.950 mmol/L。RCS发现血清钙与TIC患者预后之间呈线性关系(P=0.023),且TIC患者入院后血清钙在1.603~2.130 mmol/L范围内死亡风险随着血钙浓度的升高而降低。结论:低钙血症是TIC患者死亡的独立危险因素,尤其是当血清钙低于1.950 mmol/L时在预测TIC患者死亡风险方面具有重要价值。