锰对不同月龄大鼠脑纹状体细胞线粒体功能的影响

[目的 ]观测不同价态的锰化合物 (包括二价锰和三价锰 )对大鼠脑组织纹状体部位细胞线粒体功能的影响及不同年龄的大鼠对锰化合物毒性的易感性差异。 [方法 ]分别选用 4个月和 1 8个月龄的Wistar大鼠作为研究对象 ,将大鼠分成不同的月龄组 ,每组又分成对照组和两个锰化合物组 ,腹腔注射染毒 (剂量按 6mg/kg)一个月后宰杀 ,提取动物脑组织纹状体部位细胞线粒体 ,测定线粒体复酶复合体 [complexⅡ及complex (Ⅰ +Ⅲ ) ]活性作为判断线粒体功能的指标 ,并同时观察染毒期间动物体重的变化。 [结果 ]不同鼠龄组中 ,锰化合物组线粒体功能均低于正常组。 1 8月龄和 4月龄大鼠complex (Ⅰ +Ⅲ )活性分别为 :正常组 (2 35± 1 0 3)、(2 66±0 1 1 )nmol/ (min·μg) ;二价锰组 (1 86± 1 0 8)、(2 0 4±0 1 2 )nmol/ (min·μg) ;三价锰组 (1 99± 1 0 1 )、(2 0 9± 0 1 6)nmol/ (min·μg) ;1 8月龄和 4月龄大鼠complexⅡ活性分别为 :正常组(2 58 70± 9 86)、(30 4 64± 2 0 1 8)nmol/ (min·μg) ;二价锰组 (2 0 8 45± 1 2 71 )、(2 4 7 0 0± 1 9 52 )nmol/ (min·μg) ;三价锰组(2 2 5 1 7±7 67)、(2 57 87±1 6 2 8)nmol/ (min·μg) ,且随着年龄的增高 ,对毒物的易感性也增加 ;

腹腔镜辅助与开腹根治性全胃切除术近远期疗效对比

目的:通过比较腹腔镜辅助根治性全胃切除术与开腹根治性全胃切除术近远期疗效差异,探讨腹腔镜辅助根治性全胃切除术的临床应用价值。方法:总结从2013年6月到2015年12月在西安交通大学第一附属医院普通外科诊断为胃腺癌或黏液腺癌并行根治性全胃切除129例患者临床病例资料,将患者分为腹腔镜组与开腹组,通过比较两组患者术后近期疗效、手术相关指标、术后病理指标及远期疗效,比较两种手术疗效差异。结果:两组患者一般资料及病理资料无统计学差异。与开腹组相比腹腔镜组术中出血量明显减少、术后住院时间明显减低、术后总体并发症发生率降低,并且术中术后输血率降低,而开腹组手术时间低于腹腔镜组,住院总花费也低于腹腔镜组。两组患者术后总生存率与无病生存率相同。结论:腹腔镜辅助根治性全胃切除术是安全可行的,与开腹手术相比,其具有微创、术后恢复快的特点,并且两组患者远期疗效一致,值得临床推广应用。

血浆致动脉硬化指数与冠状动脉Gensini评分的相关性

目的探讨血浆致动脉硬化指数(atherogenic index of plasma,AIP)与冠状动脉Gensini评分的相关性。方法选取经冠状动脉造影检查确诊的冠心病患者301例,根据冠状动脉造影结果进行Gensini评分评价冠脉病变程度。结果 AIP值在冠状动脉Gensini评分各亚组的比较差异均具有统计学意义(P <0. 05),并随Gensini评分的升高而逐渐升高。对可能影响冠状动脉Gensini评分的变量做Logstic回归分析,结果显示血浆LDL-C、AIP值是冠状动脉狭窄病变的独立危险因素,HDL-C是独立保护因素。AIP与Gensini评分线性相关分析显示AIP与Gensini评分呈正相关(r=0. 303,P <0. 01)。结论 AIP与冠状动脉Gensini评分密切相关,AIP水平愈高,冠状动脉狭窄愈严重。

确定运行中的燃气轮机初温的方法探讨

受多方面因素的制约,目前还很难直接测量燃气轮机的运行初温,在许多情况下需采用理论方法确定。本文依据热力学和燃烧学基本原理,结合燃气轮机设备和系统的一些具体情况,提出了四种较切合工程实际的确定运行中燃气轮机初温的方法,并对每一种方法的使用作了分析。

颌面部毛母质瘤1例

患者女,12岁。因“发现左侧颌面部无痛性肿物6个月”入院。6个月前无明显诱因发现左侧耳屏前方一约“绿豆粒”大小肿物,无不适症状,肿物逐渐生长至“红枣”大小来院就诊。查体:左侧耳屏前方皮肤隆起,可触及约3.0 cm×2.5 cm×1.0 cm大小类圆形实性肿块,质稍硬,边界清,活动度差,无压痛,表面皮肤呈暗紫红色。颌面部MRI平扫+增强扫描:左侧颌面部皮下脂肪层内见一类圆形肿物,其大小约1.7 cm×1.2 cm×2.1 cm,边界清晰,T 1WI呈等信号(图1),T 2WI呈稍高信号,其内信号不均,见多发点状高信号影(图2),DWI呈稍高信号,相应ADC图信号未见明显减低,T 2WI-FS序列呈边缘高信号,内部高或低混杂信号,病灶周围皮下软组织见斑片状T 2WI-FS稍高信号(图3),增强扫描呈不均匀明显强化(图4),时间信号曲线呈速升-平台型(图5),双侧颌颈部多发稍大淋巴结,较大者短径约1.0 cm。

对称型多相电机断相容错运行下的电流谐波分析与补偿

多相电机驱动系统可靠性高、容错能力强、控制灵活。该文对断相容错运行下,多相电机中低频奇数次电流谐波的特性和补偿方法进行了研究。利用广义Clarke变换,可将电机定子电流变换到各个子空间当中。研究发现,断相容错时,各次谐波电流以正负序分量同时存在的形式分布在所有子空间当中。传统谐波补偿方法只在特定子空间下进行补偿,在断相容错工况下性能有较大恶化。该文提出一种改进电流谐波补偿方法,利用广义对称分量变换和正负序PI控制器实现各子空间内正负序谐波电流补偿,保证了断相容错时良好的补偿效果。在九相感应电机平台上对提出方法进行验证,实现了断相容错时对选定电流谐波的完全补偿,并降低了谐波带来的额外损耗和转矩脉动。

经济转型与企业家才能配置的变迁过程——一种关于企业家、政府官员与法院的模型解释

鲍莫尔认为,政府激励结构的改变会影响企业家才能在生产性和非生产性活动之间的配置。本文基于上述观点,构建了一个关于企业家、政府官员与法院的模型,从而解释了企业家才能配置发生变迁的动因和条件,并且认为政府角色和职能的转型、法治环境的改善以及市场机制的建立和完善是我国企业家才能的配置结构发生变迁的主要原因。

Carbon Dioxide, Methane, and Nitrous Oxide Emissions from a Rice-Wheat Rotation as Affected by Crop Residue Incorporation and Temperature

Field measurements were made from June 2001 to May 2002 to evaluate the effect of crop residue application and temperature on CO2, CH4, and N2O emissions within an entire rice-wheat rotation season. Rapeseed cake and wheat straw were incorporated into the soil at a rate of 2.25 t hm(-2) when the rice crop was transplanted in June 2001. Compared with the control, the incorporation of rapeseed cake enhanced the emissions of CO2, CH4, and N2O in the rice-growing season by 12.3%, 252.3%, and 17.5%, respectively, while no further effect was held on the emissions of CO2 and N2O in the following wheat-growing season. The incorporation of wheat straw enhanced the emissions of CO2 and CH4 by 7.1% and 249.6%, respectively, but reduced the N2O emission by 18.8% in the rice-growing season. Significant reductions of 17.8% for the CO2 and of 12.9% for the N2O emission were observed in the following wheat-growing season. A positive correlation existed between the emissions of N2O and CO2 (R-2 = 0.445, n = 73,p < 0.001) from the rice-growing season when N2O was emitted. A trade-off relationship between the emissions of CH4 and N2O was found in the rice-growing season. The CH4 emission was significantly correlated with the CO2 emission for the period from rice transplantation to field drainage, but not for the entire rice-growing season. In addition, air temperature was found to regulate the CO2 emissions from the non-waterlogged period over the entire rice-wheat rotation season and the N2O emissions from the nonwaterlogged period of the rice-growing season, which can be quantitatively described by an exponential function. The temperature coefficient (Q(10)) was then evaluated to be 2.3+/-0.2 for the CO2 emission and 3.9+/-0.4 for the N2O emission, respectively.

Prognostic significance of bcl-2 and p53 expression in colorectal carcinoma

Objective: This study was designed to detect the expression of bcl-2 and p53 proteins in colorectal carcinomas and to determine their association with the patient survival and stage of the diseases. Methods: Immunohistochemistry method was used to detect the expression of bcl-2 and p53 proteins in 93 cases of colorectal carcinoma. The stain results were obtained by analyzing the clinic-pathological characteristics of patients. Results: Fifty-seven percent (53/93) of the colorectal carcinomas were bcl-2 protein positive. The positive rate of bcl-2 protein in lymph node involvement cases was lower (15/37) than the cases without node involvement (38/58, P<0.01). The positive rate of p53 protein was 43% (40/93) in colon-rectum carcinomas. No significant correlation was observed between p53 protein expression and clinic-pathological manifestations (P>0.05) but the survival was significantly worse (P=0.0001) in the p53 protein positive cases. Neither bcl-2 nor p53 alone was correlated with stage of the disease. When combined bcl-2/p53 status was analyzed, a group with bcl-2(+) and p53(?) had the best prognosis. This group was significantly associated with earlier Dukes’ stages (P=0.1763). In multivariate Cox regression analysis, lymph node involvement and p53 protein expression were two independent factors correlated with survival time. Conclusion: The expression of bcl-2 and p53 represent biological characteristics of colorectal carcinomas. Assessment of both bcl-2 and p53 status may be valuable in predicting the prognosis of patients.

Systematic review and meta-analysis of prophylactic abdominal drainage after pancreatic resection

AIM: To investigate whether prophylactic abdominal drainage is necessary after pancreatic resection. METHODS: Pub Med, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library were systematically searched to obtain relevant articles published before January 2014. Publications were retrieved if they met the selection criteria. The outcomes of interest included: mortality, morbidity, postoperative pancreatic fistula(POPF), clinically relevant pancreatic fistula(CRPF), abdominal abscess, reoperation rate, the rate of interventional radiology drainage, and the length of hospital stay. Subgroup analyses were also performed for pancreaticoduodenectomy(PD) and for distal pancreatectomy. Begg's funnel plot and the Egger regression test were employed to assess potential publication bias.RESULTS: Nine eligible studies involving a total of 2794 patients were identified and included in this meta-analysis. Of the included patients, 1373 received prophylactic abdominal drainage. A fixedeffects model meta-analysis showed that placement of prophylactic drainage did not have beneficial effects on clinical outcomes, including morbidity, POPF, CRPF, reoperation, interventional radiology drainage, and length of hospital stay(Ps > 0.05). In addition, prophylactic drainage did not significantly increase the risk of abdominal abscess. Overall analysis showed that omitting prophylactic abdominal drainage resulted in higher mortality after pancreatectomy(OR = 1.56; 95%CI: 0.93-2.92). Subgroup analysis of PD showed similar results to those in the overall analysis. Elimination of prophylactic abdominal drainage after PD led to a significant increase in mortality(OR = 2.39; 95%CI: 1.22-4.69; P = 0.01).CONCLUSION: Prophylactic abdominal drainage after pancreatic resection is still necessary, though more evidence from randomized controlled trials assessing prophylactic drainage after PD and distal pancreatectomy are needed.

Phenotypic and functional characteristics of dendritic cells derived from human peripheral blood monocytes

Objective： This study is aimed at developing a simple and easy way to generate dendritic cells （DCs） from human peripheral blood monocytes （PBMCs） in vitro. Methods： PBMCs were isolated directly from white blood cell rather than whole blood and purified by patching methods （collecting the attached cell and removing the suspension cell）. DCs were then generated by culturing PBMCs for six days with 30 ng/ml recombinant human granulocyte-macrophage stimulating factor （rhGM-CSF） and 20 ng/ml recombinant human interleukin-4 （rhIL-4） in vitro. On the sixth day, TNF-alpha （TNFα） 30 ng/ml was added into some DC cultures, which were then incubated for two additional days. The morphology was monitored by light microscopy and transmission electronic microscopy, and the phenotypes were determined by flow cytometry. Autologous mixed leukocyte reactions （MLR） were used to characterize DC function after TNFα or lipopolysaccharide （LPS） stimulations for 24 h. Results： After six days of culture, the monocytes developed significant dendritic morphology and a portion of cells expressed CDIa, CD80 and CD86, features of DCs. TNFα treatment induced DCs maturation and up-regulation of CD80, CD86 and CD83. Autologous MLR demonstrated that these DCs possess potent T-cell stimulatory capacity. Conclusion： This study developed a simple and easy way to generate DCs from PBMCs exposed to rhGM-CSF and rhIL-4. The DCs produced by this method acquired morphologic and antigenic characteristics of DCs.

Ginsenoside Rh_2 Showing Ability to Induce Apoptosis in HeLa Cells

This paper deals with the inhibitory mechanisms of ginsenoside \{G Rh 2\} on the growth of tumor cells. \{G Rh 2\} significantly inhibited the proliferation of human cervical adenocarcinoma HeLa cells in a time and dose dependent manner. G Rh 2 induced apoptotic manifestations in HeLa cells as evidenced by the changes in the cell morphology, the DNA fragmentation and the activation of caspases. Caspase inhibitors, caspase family inhibitor, z Val Ala Asp fmk(z VAD fmk); caspase 1 inhibitor, Ac Tyr Val Ala Asp chloromethyl ketone(Ac YVAD cmk); caspase 3 inhibitor, z Asp Glu Val Asp fmk(z DEVE fmk) and caspase 8 inhibitor, \{z Ile \}Glu Asp fmk(z IETD fmk) effectively attenuated G Rh 2 induced cell death. The activities of caspase 1 and caspase 3 were increased in the G Rh 2 induced apoptotic process. However, caspase inhibitors can not inhibit G Rh - 2 induced cell death completely. These results suggest that G Rh 2 induced cell death is mediated by the activation of caspase cascade, but there might be some other pathways for induction of this apoptosis.

Study on the Effects of Guiqi Oral Liquid (归芪口服液) in Promoting Recovery of Hematopoiesis in AcuteIrradiation Injured Mice

Objective： To explore the effects and possible mechanisms of Guiqi Oral Liquid （归芪口服液, GQOL） on the recovery of hematopoiesis in acute irradiation injured mice. Methods： The acute irradiation injured mice were randomly divided into 2 groups： the treated group and the control group, and also a normal control group was set up with 6 mice in it receiving no treatment. After the mice in the former two groups were irradiated by 6.0 Gy ^60Coγ-ray, every one of them was given 0.4 ml GQOL or saline in equal volume through a gastric tube twice a day for 14 days. On the 4th, 8th and 14th day after irradiation, the bone marrow mononuclear cells （BMMNC） and megakaryocytes in bone marrow tissues of the mice were counted, the proportion of hematopoietic tissues （by area） was measured, and the expression of adhesion molecules, CD44 and CD54, in bone marrow were estimated by immunochemistry. The colony forming unit of spleen （CFU-S） in the mice were counted on the 8th day after irradiation. Results： On the 4th, 8th, 14th day after irradiation, the count of BMMNC and megakaryocyte, and the proportion of hematopoietic tissues in the treated group were higher than those in the control group （P〈0.01 or P〈0.05）. CD44 and CD54 expression in the treated group were higher than those in the control group on the 4th and 8th day （P〈0.01）, but near normal on the 14th day （P〈0.01）. On the 8th day, CFU-S count in the treated group was higher than that in the control group （P〈0.01）. Conclusion： GQOL can regulate the expression of adhesion molecules, CD44 and CD54, in the bone marrow of the acute irradiation injured mice, which may be one of the mechanisms of GQOL in accelerating the early phase hematopoiesis recovery of mice.

Evaluation of ST13 gene expression in colorectal cancer patients

We identified a novel gene ST13 from a subtraetive eDNA library of normal intestinal mueosa in 1993, more studies showed that ST13 was a co-chaperone of Hsp70s. Recently we detected the ST13 gene expression in tumor tissue and adjacent normal tissue of the same colorectal cancer patient and investigated if the ST13 gene expression might have any prognostic value. Analysis was performed at molecular level by reverse transcription-PCR using real-time detection method. We measured two genes simultaneously, ST13 as the target gene and glyceraldehydes-3-phosphate dehydrogenase as a reference gene, in primary colorectal tumor specimens and tumor-adjacent normal mucosa specimens from 50 colorectal cancer patients. The expression levels of the ST13 gene were significantly decreased in primary tumors compared with adjacent mucosa （P〈0.05）. But there were no significant differences in the expression of ST13 as compared depth, lymph node metastasis and disease-specific survival. with different Dukes＇ stage, tumor differentiation grade, invasion

A New Steroid from Polygonum nodosum Pers

A new steroid named as Zhonghualiaoine I (1) was isolated from Polygonum nodosum Pers (Chinese name 揨honghualiao? Berberidaceae). Its structure was deduced on the basis of its spectral data.

Infusion of nonmyeloablative bone marrow alleviates acute rejection reaction in liver allotransplantation

Objective： To study the effect and implication ofnonmyeloablative donor specific bone marrow （DSBM） infusion on the immunoreaction of liver allotransplantation. Methods： Orthotopic liver transplantation model was used in this study. Groups were set as follows： Group I, syngeneic control （Wistar-to-Wistar）; Group II, acute rejection （SD-to-Wistar）; Group III, acute rejection treated with cyclosporine A （CsA） by intramuscular injection （SD-to-Wistar＋CsA）; Group IV, bone marrow infusion at 7 d pretransplantation followed by short-term CsA treatment （SD-to-Wistar＋DSBM）; Another group of short-term CsA treatment preoperatively without bone marrow infusion was also set as control. General characteristics and survival time were observed. Histological grades of rejection were determined by pathological examination. IL-2 and IFN-7 level in peripheral blood and donor liver were detected respectively by Enzyme-Linked Immuno-Sorbent Assay （ELISA） and Western blot. Chimerism of donor cells was measured by PCR for a male-specific marker （Y-chromosome-specific sequence, Sry）. Results： No signs of rejection were found in Group Ⅰ. Acute rejection occurred in both Group Ⅱ and the short-term CsA treated group. All the recipients died at （9-15） d posttransplantation with a median survival time of （10.7i0.5） d and （11.2±2.4） d, respectively. Only mild rejection could be seen in Group Ⅲ. In Group Ⅳ, 4 out of 6 recipients had long-term survival （〉100 d）, the histological grade of rejection was significantly lower than that of Group Ⅱ, so did the expression level of IL-2 and IFN-7 in both peripheral blood and grafted liver. Y-chromosome-specific sequence （Sry） of male SD rats could be detected in the bone marrow, spleen and thymus of female recipients at 15 d after bone marrow infusion. Conclusion： Mild preconditioning nonmyeloablative donor specific bone marrow infusion can enhance chimerism formation in recipients, alleviate the rejection of liver allotransplantation and prolong survival of liver allotransplantation.

Studies on Synthesis and Properties of Mg-Al-nitrate Layered Double Hydroxides

A positive Mg-Al-nitrate layered double hydroxides (LDHs) has been synthesized using a non-steady coprecipitation method. The shape, size, chemical composition, electrical property and anion exchange property of the positive nanoparticle were studied by SEM, XRD, FTIR, chemical analysis, spectroanalysis and measuring of electrophoretic mobilities. Preliminary results show the positive nanoparticle is a promising precursor of polymer/LDHs nanocomposite.

Study on vacuum induction brazing of SiC_p/LY12 composite using Al-Cu-Si-Mg filler metal

The vacuum induction brazing of SiC particulate reinforced LY12 alloy matrix composite using Al-28Cu-5Si-2Mg filler metal has been carried out. The micrograph of the joint interface was observed by scanning electron microscopy. The joint strength was determined by shear tests. The results show that brazing temperature, holding time, SiC particle volume percentage and post heat treatment influence joint strength. SiC particles happen in the brazing seam and the distribution of SiC particles in the joint is not uniform. Particle-poor zones in the joint exist near the base metal, and particle concentrate zones exist in the center of the brazing seam. In addition, the failure of the composite is predominantly initiated by the rooting of SiC particle in the brazing seam and the micro-crack expanded along the brazing seam with low energy.

The Effects of Cholecystojejunostomy and Biliary Drainage on Biliary Motor

Summary: Simulating physiological neuronal and hormonal conditions during digestive and interdigestive periods, the study identified the changes of the motility of biliary system including bile duct and sphincter of Oddi (SO) before and after cholecystojejunostomy. Thirty-five rabbits were divided into five groups randomly. The experimental groups received the venous injection of CCK 10 ng/kg, erythromycin 10 mg/kg, atropine 3 μg/kg and L-NAME 10 mg/kg respectively. Each rabbit underwent manometry through introducing a three-lumen catheter via the papilla retrogradely, using the low-compliance papillary infusion system. Then the gallbladder and the upper segment of the jejunum was anastomosed and the manometric procedures repeated after one week. SO basal pressure was increased, contraction amplitude decreased, contraction time shortened after cholecystojejunostomy. L-NAME, CCK and erythromycin could all excite SO. L-NAME could increase basal pressure and contraction amplitude, CCK increase basal pressure contraction amplitude and frequency, and erythromycin increase contraction amplitude, respectively. But comparing with that before cholecystojejunostomy, the increasing extent was decreased. The tensional and spontaneous contractions of the SO were under the control of the neural and hormonal mechanism. The anastomosis of gallbladder and jejunum and the drainage of bile made the tensional contraction stronger, but the spontaneous contraction weakened after the operation due to the decreases of the sensitivity of SO to hormonal factors. The clinical symptoms may not be relieved when the patients with SO dysfunction accepted cholecystojejunostomy.

非小细胞肺癌相关差异基因的生物信息学及预后分析

目的利用生物信息学方法分析非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)基因表达谱芯片,筛选相关差异基因,探讨NSCLC潜在的生物标志物。方法美国国立生物信息技术信息中心的GEO数据库下载相关芯片数据(研究号GSE33532),利用R软件及affy、limma、pheatmap、ggplot2等软件包进行差异基因筛选;使用基因本体(GO)及京都基因和基因组百科全书(KEGG)对差异基因进行相关功能及通路富集分析,并用STRING数据库及Cytoscape软件构建蛋白质-蛋白质相互作用(PPI)网络分析,筛选出核心基因。然后,以研究号GSE33745数据集为测试数据集,以PROGgenes V2在线工具对核心基因进行预后分析。结果共筛选出591个差异基因,其中上调197个,下调394个。同时差异基因GO分析,主要富集为核分裂、有丝分裂、有丝分裂细胞周期M期、细胞周期等生物学过程,而KEGG分析主要涉及细胞外基质受体相互作用、细胞黏附分子、细胞周期、p53信号通路、过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体信号通路等相关通路。且通过STRING数据库及Cytoscape软件行差异基因PPI网络分析,计算节点的连接度,以连接度前10位为本研究的核心基因,生存分析提示:细胞周期蛋白B1(CCNB1)、透明质酸介导的运动受体(HMMR)、微小染色体维持蛋白10(MCM10)、母系胚胎亮氨酸拉链激酶(MELK)为NSCLC预后的危险因素。结论 CCNB1、HMMR、MCM10、MELK可作为NSCLC预后的潜在生物标志物,为进一步研究NSCLC提供新思路。