为筛选高效拮抗茶树炭疽病的内生细菌,以茶树健康叶片为材料,采用平板对峙拮抗法进行筛选,并对筛选到的菌株进行鉴定、抑菌效果评价及培养条件优化。从分离的162株内生细菌中筛选到1株对茶树胶孢炭疽菌有较好抑制效果的拮抗细菌X13。形...为筛选高效拮抗茶树炭疽病的内生细菌,以茶树健康叶片为材料,采用平板对峙拮抗法进行筛选,并对筛选到的菌株进行鉴定、抑菌效果评价及培养条件优化。从分离的162株内生细菌中筛选到1株对茶树胶孢炭疽菌有较好抑制效果的拮抗细菌X13。形态学、生理生化鉴定及16 S rDNA系统进化发育分析显示,分离的菌株X13为枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis)。菌株X13对病原菌菌丝生长抑制率为61.6%。生长曲线表明,菌株X13对数生长期为接种后2~14 h。响应面优化的培养条件为4.0%(质量百分浓度)玉米粉,1.0%(质量百分浓度)的硝酸钠,接种量3.5%(体积分数)。本研究结果可为茶树炭疽病防治及生防菌剂的开发提供重要参考。展开更多
为探究气流因子在乌龙茶做青工艺中对其香气品质的影响,以鲜叶(CK)、常氧摇青叶(Ta)和乏氧摇青叶(Tb)及相应的毛茶a(Ma)和毛茶b(Mb)为试材,利用半定量反转录聚合酶链式反应(Reverse Transcription and Polymerase Chain Reaction,RT-PCR...为探究气流因子在乌龙茶做青工艺中对其香气品质的影响,以鲜叶(CK)、常氧摇青叶(Ta)和乏氧摇青叶(Tb)及相应的毛茶a(Ma)和毛茶b(Mb)为试材,利用半定量反转录聚合酶链式反应(Reverse Transcription and Polymerase Chain Reaction,RT-PCR)、顶空固相微萃取法(Head-Space Solid-Phase MicroExtraction,HS-SPME)与气相色谱-飞行时间质谱联用(Gas Chromatography-Time-Of-Flight Mass Spectrometry,GC-TOF MS)等技术,通过多元统计分析等方式,对不同气流因子介导做青工艺的乌龙茶挥发性组分进行分析。结果表明:Tb中低氧胁迫响应因子Cs HIG4和CsHIG6基因的表达水平相较Ta和CK有所上调,基于毛茶中共鉴定出的205种挥发性组分,采用最小偏二乘法(Partial Least Squares,PLS)分析表明,以重要性投影指标值(Variable Important Projection,VIP)大于1.0为筛选条件,获得标志性差异挥发性成分有24个,其中吲哚的VIP值最大(4.75),α-法呢烯(3.06)、罗勒烯异构体混合物(2.77)、反式-橙花叔醇(2.75)等随后。乏氧摇青叶有5种特征差异挥发性组分,而常氧摇青叶中仅2种。毛茶感官审评结果发现,常氧摇青处理叶付制的乌龙茶香气清香持久,花香较显(香气感官得分90.67)。Ma中反式-橙花叔醇、2,3-二氢-3,5二羟基-6-甲基-4(H)-吡喃-4-酮、异植物醇、亚硫酸-2-乙基己基丁酯、6-氮杂双环[3.2.1]辛烷的含量均显著高于Mb(P<0.05),推测该5个物质可能是常氧摇青条件下形成较优品质乌龙茶的标志性代谢物,这有助于更好理解气流因子对摇青过程中香气物质代谢的影响,研究结果为探究环境因子介导下摇青工艺对乌龙茶香气品质的形成机制提供理论基础。展开更多
SAfter leached from municipal solid waste landfill was treated by recirculation, the concentration of pollutants decreases greatly, and the moisture content of the solid waste in landfill site was increased and waste ...SAfter leached from municipal solid waste landfill was treated by recirculation, the concentration of pollutants decreases greatly, and the moisture content of the solid waste in landfill site was increased and waste stabilization rate was accelerated. Compared with traditional treatment methods, this method offers more important practical values, including short investment, enhanced treatment efficiency and facilitated operation and management. The experimental results indicated that a 99.9% removal of ammonia nitrogen and an 80.5% removal of COD were obtained, when hydraulic power surface load is 15.92 L/m^2·d, and organic surface load is 25.54 g/m^2·d.展开更多
UbD(understanding by design)理论是以明确的学习目标为起点,强调可视化教学评价先于教学活动确定,教学活动是在教学评价的指引下展开的一种区别于传统的教学模式。本文基于UbD理论,“细胞的能量‘货币’ATP”为例进行教学设计,旨在在...UbD(understanding by design)理论是以明确的学习目标为起点,强调可视化教学评价先于教学活动确定,教学活动是在教学评价的指引下展开的一种区别于传统的教学模式。本文基于UbD理论,“细胞的能量‘货币’ATP”为例进行教学设计,旨在在课堂上落实学科核心素养。展开更多
文摘为筛选高效拮抗茶树炭疽病的内生细菌,以茶树健康叶片为材料,采用平板对峙拮抗法进行筛选,并对筛选到的菌株进行鉴定、抑菌效果评价及培养条件优化。从分离的162株内生细菌中筛选到1株对茶树胶孢炭疽菌有较好抑制效果的拮抗细菌X13。形态学、生理生化鉴定及16 S rDNA系统进化发育分析显示,分离的菌株X13为枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis)。菌株X13对病原菌菌丝生长抑制率为61.6%。生长曲线表明,菌株X13对数生长期为接种后2~14 h。响应面优化的培养条件为4.0%(质量百分浓度)玉米粉,1.0%(质量百分浓度)的硝酸钠,接种量3.5%(体积分数)。本研究结果可为茶树炭疽病防治及生防菌剂的开发提供重要参考。
文摘为探究气流因子在乌龙茶做青工艺中对其香气品质的影响,以鲜叶(CK)、常氧摇青叶(Ta)和乏氧摇青叶(Tb)及相应的毛茶a(Ma)和毛茶b(Mb)为试材,利用半定量反转录聚合酶链式反应(Reverse Transcription and Polymerase Chain Reaction,RT-PCR)、顶空固相微萃取法(Head-Space Solid-Phase MicroExtraction,HS-SPME)与气相色谱-飞行时间质谱联用(Gas Chromatography-Time-Of-Flight Mass Spectrometry,GC-TOF MS)等技术,通过多元统计分析等方式,对不同气流因子介导做青工艺的乌龙茶挥发性组分进行分析。结果表明:Tb中低氧胁迫响应因子Cs HIG4和CsHIG6基因的表达水平相较Ta和CK有所上调,基于毛茶中共鉴定出的205种挥发性组分,采用最小偏二乘法(Partial Least Squares,PLS)分析表明,以重要性投影指标值(Variable Important Projection,VIP)大于1.0为筛选条件,获得标志性差异挥发性成分有24个,其中吲哚的VIP值最大(4.75),α-法呢烯(3.06)、罗勒烯异构体混合物(2.77)、反式-橙花叔醇(2.75)等随后。乏氧摇青叶有5种特征差异挥发性组分,而常氧摇青叶中仅2种。毛茶感官审评结果发现,常氧摇青处理叶付制的乌龙茶香气清香持久,花香较显(香气感官得分90.67)。Ma中反式-橙花叔醇、2,3-二氢-3,5二羟基-6-甲基-4(H)-吡喃-4-酮、异植物醇、亚硫酸-2-乙基己基丁酯、6-氮杂双环[3.2.1]辛烷的含量均显著高于Mb(P<0.05),推测该5个物质可能是常氧摇青条件下形成较优品质乌龙茶的标志性代谢物,这有助于更好理解气流因子对摇青过程中香气物质代谢的影响,研究结果为探究环境因子介导下摇青工艺对乌龙茶香气品质的形成机制提供理论基础。
基金the Key Scientific and Technological Project of Hubei Province(No.2002AA301C102)
文摘SAfter leached from municipal solid waste landfill was treated by recirculation, the concentration of pollutants decreases greatly, and the moisture content of the solid waste in landfill site was increased and waste stabilization rate was accelerated. Compared with traditional treatment methods, this method offers more important practical values, including short investment, enhanced treatment efficiency and facilitated operation and management. The experimental results indicated that a 99.9% removal of ammonia nitrogen and an 80.5% removal of COD were obtained, when hydraulic power surface load is 15.92 L/m^2·d, and organic surface load is 25.54 g/m^2·d.