广东化州“跳花棚”性质再认识

自上世纪80年代以来,国家级非物质文化遗产代表性项目——化州“跳花棚”,一直被认为是一种舞蹈。然而,通过分析其原始科本,结合田野调查,发现跳花棚中含有大量的戏曲元素,如“田公”“踏棚”“罗嗹哩”“科、唱、白”等,再结合科本中做社之描写及跳花棚所在村落做社之习俗,可以判断传统跳花棚实质应是一种社戏,且与古代福建戏曲有内在的密切联系。“跳花棚”数百年的流传和之后的被改造,是文化形态本身、宗族、外力和农村生产方式综合变化的结果。

广东“年例”考源兼论其文化史意义

广东“年例”民俗,是粤西最为重要的地方民俗活动之一。“年例”实源于上古“驱鬼”保平安之假面傩礼,由方相氏驱傩仪式变异而来。广东“年例”在岭南形成过程中,与元宵游灯仪式及民间二月“春社”仪式深度融合;进而形成一种以“游神驱邪”为核心内涵、以“聚饮演戏”为特点的年度民俗节日。近世以来民众在本土文化自觉召唤下,将当地最重要的岭南神衹冼夫人事迹与乡村例行的“驱傩仪式”进行有机结合,进而演化出“年例起源于冼夫人”的故事体系,其背后体现出深刻的农业社会信仰特点,是近世人格神信仰异常发达下的产物。

劳动力老龄化会使农户顺利流转农地吗?

从老年农户流出农地的现象入手,基于理论推导,使用“中国农村发展调查”数据,采用面板固定效应回归和倾向得分匹配等计量方法,分析农业劳动力老龄化对农地流转的影响。结果表明:(1)缓解了样本缺失问题后,老龄化对农地流转的估计系数得到增强。(2)对于拥有足额养老金、家庭劳均农业收入较少(低于村平均水平)或家庭农业收入占比较低(<0.25)的农户家庭,其在老龄化影响下流出的农地面积更大。(3)如果村庄被新型农村合作医疗保险政策覆盖或拥有养老院,老年农户流出的农地面积趋于增加。(4)如果村庄提供灌溉设施、机械化耕地服务等改善效率的公共品,家庭劳均农业收入较少或家庭农业收入占比较低的家庭将进一步流出农地。据此,提出加大对农村地区老年人的社会保障力度、积极投资改善农业生产效率的公共品的对策建议。

从“关王会”到“军坡节”——明清以来海南“装军”信俗之演变与重构

今日海南之“军坡”活动,遍及岛之南北,一般认为因古代杰出俚人首领冼夫人而生,且其各个环节均有与冼夫人可以对应的传说存在。然而,考之文献及结合田野调查可知,至今盛行的“军坡”活动,本源于元明以来民间之关王“装军”习俗,用之于关王会活动。明初冼夫人信俗被纳入官方礼制,且在明中后期黎瑶之乱的影响下,冼夫人信俗在海南日渐盛行,加之当地官员、乡绅的大力参与引导,“装军”信俗渐与冼夫人信俗结合,形成了更加系统的军坡活动。

祀典“先贤”与民间“圣母”--官民互动背景下冼夫人信仰衍变与其形象建构

通过对广东西部与海南盛行的冼夫人信仰发展衍变的观察和探讨可知,隋初作为俚人领袖的冼夫人去世后被“立庙以祀”是这种信仰的发轨,然而随着冯冼家族在唐代受到巨大打击,冼夫人信仰曾有过长时间衰微的处境。而明初冼夫人被纳入国家祀典,以及国家与乡村社会大家族的互动,最终促使冼夫人信仰在明清以后成为当地最重要的民间信仰之一,其背后体现的是国家对边睡地区乡村社会民间信仰的引导过程与深刻影响。

Effects of Epstein-Barr virus infection on the development of multiple myeloma after liver transplantation

Reduced cellular immune function in patients after liver transplantation easily results in many types of viral infections,such as Epstein-Barr virus.Epstein-Barr virus is a γ-herpesvirus and is related to many malignant diseases,especially epithelial and lymph tumors.The abnormal interaction of cluster of differentiation 40 with cluster of differentiation 40 ligand and expression of cluster of differentiation 40 ligand are considered closely related to the development of myeloma cells.This study explored the influence and mechanism of Epstein-Barr virus infection on the phenotype and biological behavior of myeloma cells after liver transplantation.Flow cytometry was used to detect coexpression of cluster of differentiation 40 and cluster of differentiation 40 ligand in 10 samples of freshly isolated multiple myeloma cells.Cluster of differentiation 40 and cluster of differentiation 40 ligand were coexpressed in sample Nos.5,8,9,and 10,particularly in sample No.5.Western blot analysis was used to detect the expression of the Epstein-Barr virus antigens latent membrane protein 1 and Epstein-Barr virus nuclear antigen 2 in the multiple myeloma cell line RPMI 8226 infected with Epstein-Barr virus.The antigen expression indicated that Epstein-Barr virus can infect multiple myeloma virus cells in vitro.Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction revealed upregulated expression of cluster of differentiation 40 ligand on the infected RPMI 8226 cells,which may be involved in the anti-apoptosis activity of the infected cells.Confocal microscopy showed that pairs of molecules of cluster of differentiation 40,cluster of differentiation 40 ligand,and latent membrane protein 1 were colocalized on the surface of the infected cells.CXC chemokine receptor 4 was upregulated on the RPMI 8226 cells after Epstein-Barr virus infection.The migratory ability of the infected cells improved in the presence of the chemokine stromal cell-derived factor-1α.Anti-apoptosis and migration are known important biological characteristics of malignant cells.Our results indicate the involvement of Epstein-Barr virus in the origin and development of multiple myeloma.The risk of multiple myeloma increases when Epstein-Barr virus infects B cells in the germinal center,which may result in an anti-apoptosis effect of B cells and an improved ability to migrate from the germinal center to peripheral blood.