The long-term height-resolved wind trend in China under global warming still needs to be discovered.To fill this gap,in this paper we examined the climatology and long-term(1979-2021)trends of the wintertime wind spee...The long-term height-resolved wind trend in China under global warming still needs to be discovered.To fill this gap,in this paper we examined the climatology and long-term(1979-2021)trends of the wintertime wind speed at the near-surface and upper atmosphere in China based on long-term radiosonde measurements.At 700,500,and 400 hPa,much higher wind speed was found over eastern China,compared with western China.At 300,200,and 100 hPa,maximum wind speed was observed in the latitude zone of around 25-35°N.Furthermore,westerly winds dominated most parts of China between 20°N and 50°N at altitudes from 700 hPa to 100 hPa.A stilling was revealed for the near-surface wind from 1979-2003.From 2004 onward,the near-surface wind speed reversed from decreasing to increasing.This could be largely due to the joint impact of reduced surface roughness length,aerosol optical depth(AOD),and increased sensible heat flux in the ground surface.The decrease of AOD tended to reduce aerosol radiative forcing,thereby destabilizing the planetary boundary layer(PBL).By comparison,the wintertime wind in the upper atmosphere exhibited a significant monotonic upward trend,albeit with varying magnitude for different altitudes.In the upper troposphere,the wintertime maximum wind was observed along a westerly jet stream,with a pronounced upward trend within the zone approximately bounded by latitudes of 25-50°N,particularly above 500 hPa.This accelerating wind observed in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere could be closely associated with the large planetary-scale meridional temperature trend gradient.Besides,the direction for the wind at the near-surface and lower troposphere(925 and 850 hPa)exhibited a larger variance over the period 1979-2021,which could be associated with the strong turbulence of PBL caused by the heterogeneous land surface.For those pressure levels higher than 850 hPa,large wind directional variance was merely found to the south of 25°N.The findings from long-term radiosonde measurements in winter over China shed light on the changes in wind speed on the ground and upper atmosphere under global warming from an observational perspective.展开更多
背景:股骨近端防旋髓内钉被广泛用于治疗各类转子间骨折,虽然其手术创伤小,但围术期的出血量仍较大,氨甲环酸目前已逐渐被用于降低股骨转子间骨折围术期失血,其降低围术期失血的有效性及其安全性尚缺乏文献报道。目的:探讨氨甲环酸降低...背景:股骨近端防旋髓内钉被广泛用于治疗各类转子间骨折,虽然其手术创伤小,但围术期的出血量仍较大,氨甲环酸目前已逐渐被用于降低股骨转子间骨折围术期失血,其降低围术期失血的有效性及其安全性尚缺乏文献报道。目的:探讨氨甲环酸降低股骨转子间骨折股骨近端防旋髓内钉内固定围术期失血的安全性及有效性。方法:纳入2015年1月至2017年1月在广州中医药大学第一附属医院就诊的股骨转子间骨折且接受股骨近端防旋髓内钉内固定治疗的108例患者,2016年1月以前52例患者为对照组,2016年1月以后56例患者为试验组。试验组于术前半小时使用氨甲环酸1 g稀释于250 m L生理盐水中静脉滴注。对照组术前半小时予250 m L生理盐水静滴,比较2组患者股骨近端防旋髓内钉内固定前后各种出血量、输血情况、血红蛋白量、红细胞比容、凝血指标、D-二聚体水平及并发症发生情况。结果与结论:(1)围术期指标:试验组的患者在住院期间围手术期的实际失血量、术中失血量、显性失血量、隐性失血量、引流量、输血量和输血率均低于对照组(P<0.05);(2)血液生化指标:手术内固定前两组患者的血红蛋白及红细胞比容差异无显著性意义(P>0.05),两组患者术后血红蛋白及红细胞比容均较术前逐渐降低,在术后第5天时较前稍有回升,两组间术后2 h,1 d,3 d,5 d的时间点上比较,试验组的血红蛋白值及红细胞比容均高于同时间点对照组(P<0.05),手术内固定前后各时间点两组患者的凝血酶原时间、活化部分凝血活酶时间、纤维蛋白原水平均差异无显著性意义(P>0.05),两组患者手术内固定后D-二聚体水平均较术前明显升高,在术后第5天有所回降,各时间点组间比较差异无显著性意义(P>0.05)。(3)结果提示,氨甲环酸能有效降低股骨转子间骨折股骨近端防旋髓内钉内固定患者围术期的显性失血和隐性失血,且安全有效。展开更多
Heat strain experienced by individuals wearing chemical protective clothing(CPC)is severe and dangerous especially in hot-humid environment.The development of material science and interdisciplinary studies including e...Heat strain experienced by individuals wearing chemical protective clothing(CPC)is severe and dangerous especially in hot-humid environment.The development of material science and interdisciplinary studies including ergonomics,physiology and heat transfer is urgently required for the reduction of heat strain.The aim of this paper was to study the relationship among clothing thermal properties,physiological responses and environmental conditions.Three kinds of CPC were selected.Eight participants wore CPC and walked(4 km/h,two slopes with 5%and 10%)on a treadmill in an environment with(35±0.5)℃ and RH of(60±5)%.Core temperature,mean skin temperature,heart rate,heat storage and tolerance time were recorded and analyzed.Physiological responses were significantly affected by the clothing thermal properties and activity intensity in hot-humid environment.The obtained results can help further development of heat strain model.New materials with lower evaporative resistance and less weight are necessary to release the heat strain in hot-humid environments.展开更多
对云南某竹鼠养殖场发病死亡竹鼠进行肠道致病菌分离培养,经培养基分离纯化、革兰氏染色、生化鉴定、16S r DNA扩增以及测序分析,结果表明该致病菌为志贺氏菌。将纯化的菌株进行小鼠致病性研究和药敏试验分析,结果显示该菌对小鼠具有很...对云南某竹鼠养殖场发病死亡竹鼠进行肠道致病菌分离培养,经培养基分离纯化、革兰氏染色、生化鉴定、16S r DNA扩增以及测序分析,结果表明该致病菌为志贺氏菌。将纯化的菌株进行小鼠致病性研究和药敏试验分析,结果显示该菌对小鼠具有很强的致病作用,经病理切片观察发现该菌会引发多种器官及肠道充血或出血,该菌对喹诺酮类药物和头孢类药物高度敏感。展开更多
基金Youth Cross Team Scientific Research Project of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(JCTD-2021-10)National Natural Science Foundation of China(U2142209)Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences(2021KJ008)。
文摘The long-term height-resolved wind trend in China under global warming still needs to be discovered.To fill this gap,in this paper we examined the climatology and long-term(1979-2021)trends of the wintertime wind speed at the near-surface and upper atmosphere in China based on long-term radiosonde measurements.At 700,500,and 400 hPa,much higher wind speed was found over eastern China,compared with western China.At 300,200,and 100 hPa,maximum wind speed was observed in the latitude zone of around 25-35°N.Furthermore,westerly winds dominated most parts of China between 20°N and 50°N at altitudes from 700 hPa to 100 hPa.A stilling was revealed for the near-surface wind from 1979-2003.From 2004 onward,the near-surface wind speed reversed from decreasing to increasing.This could be largely due to the joint impact of reduced surface roughness length,aerosol optical depth(AOD),and increased sensible heat flux in the ground surface.The decrease of AOD tended to reduce aerosol radiative forcing,thereby destabilizing the planetary boundary layer(PBL).By comparison,the wintertime wind in the upper atmosphere exhibited a significant monotonic upward trend,albeit with varying magnitude for different altitudes.In the upper troposphere,the wintertime maximum wind was observed along a westerly jet stream,with a pronounced upward trend within the zone approximately bounded by latitudes of 25-50°N,particularly above 500 hPa.This accelerating wind observed in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere could be closely associated with the large planetary-scale meridional temperature trend gradient.Besides,the direction for the wind at the near-surface and lower troposphere(925 and 850 hPa)exhibited a larger variance over the period 1979-2021,which could be associated with the strong turbulence of PBL caused by the heterogeneous land surface.For those pressure levels higher than 850 hPa,large wind directional variance was merely found to the south of 25°N.The findings from long-term radiosonde measurements in winter over China shed light on the changes in wind speed on the ground and upper atmosphere under global warming from an observational perspective.
文摘背景:股骨近端防旋髓内钉被广泛用于治疗各类转子间骨折,虽然其手术创伤小,但围术期的出血量仍较大,氨甲环酸目前已逐渐被用于降低股骨转子间骨折围术期失血,其降低围术期失血的有效性及其安全性尚缺乏文献报道。目的:探讨氨甲环酸降低股骨转子间骨折股骨近端防旋髓内钉内固定围术期失血的安全性及有效性。方法:纳入2015年1月至2017年1月在广州中医药大学第一附属医院就诊的股骨转子间骨折且接受股骨近端防旋髓内钉内固定治疗的108例患者,2016年1月以前52例患者为对照组,2016年1月以后56例患者为试验组。试验组于术前半小时使用氨甲环酸1 g稀释于250 m L生理盐水中静脉滴注。对照组术前半小时予250 m L生理盐水静滴,比较2组患者股骨近端防旋髓内钉内固定前后各种出血量、输血情况、血红蛋白量、红细胞比容、凝血指标、D-二聚体水平及并发症发生情况。结果与结论:(1)围术期指标:试验组的患者在住院期间围手术期的实际失血量、术中失血量、显性失血量、隐性失血量、引流量、输血量和输血率均低于对照组(P<0.05);(2)血液生化指标:手术内固定前两组患者的血红蛋白及红细胞比容差异无显著性意义(P>0.05),两组患者术后血红蛋白及红细胞比容均较术前逐渐降低,在术后第5天时较前稍有回升,两组间术后2 h,1 d,3 d,5 d的时间点上比较,试验组的血红蛋白值及红细胞比容均高于同时间点对照组(P<0.05),手术内固定前后各时间点两组患者的凝血酶原时间、活化部分凝血活酶时间、纤维蛋白原水平均差异无显著性意义(P>0.05),两组患者手术内固定后D-二聚体水平均较术前明显升高,在术后第5天有所回降,各时间点组间比较差异无显著性意义(P>0.05)。(3)结果提示,氨甲环酸能有效降低股骨转子间骨折股骨近端防旋髓内钉内固定患者围术期的显性失血和隐性失血,且安全有效。
文摘Heat strain experienced by individuals wearing chemical protective clothing(CPC)is severe and dangerous especially in hot-humid environment.The development of material science and interdisciplinary studies including ergonomics,physiology and heat transfer is urgently required for the reduction of heat strain.The aim of this paper was to study the relationship among clothing thermal properties,physiological responses and environmental conditions.Three kinds of CPC were selected.Eight participants wore CPC and walked(4 km/h,two slopes with 5%and 10%)on a treadmill in an environment with(35±0.5)℃ and RH of(60±5)%.Core temperature,mean skin temperature,heart rate,heat storage and tolerance time were recorded and analyzed.Physiological responses were significantly affected by the clothing thermal properties and activity intensity in hot-humid environment.The obtained results can help further development of heat strain model.New materials with lower evaporative resistance and less weight are necessary to release the heat strain in hot-humid environments.
文摘对云南某竹鼠养殖场发病死亡竹鼠进行肠道致病菌分离培养,经培养基分离纯化、革兰氏染色、生化鉴定、16S r DNA扩增以及测序分析,结果表明该致病菌为志贺氏菌。将纯化的菌株进行小鼠致病性研究和药敏试验分析,结果显示该菌对小鼠具有很强的致病作用,经病理切片观察发现该菌会引发多种器官及肠道充血或出血,该菌对喹诺酮类药物和头孢类药物高度敏感。
