Classification of hyperspectral images for detection of hepatic carcinoma cells based on spectral-spatial features of nucleus

A distinguishing characteristic of normal and cancer cells is the difference in their nuclear chromatin content and distribution.This difference can be revealed by the transmission spectra of nuclei stained with a pH-sensitive stain.Here,we used hematoxylin-eosin(HE)to stain hepatic carcinoma tissues and obtained spectral-spatial data from their nuclei using hyper-spectral microscopy.The transmission spectra of the nuclei were then used to train a support vector machine(SVM)model for cell classification.Especially,we found that the chromatin distribution in cancer cells is more uniform,because of which the correlation coefficients for the spectra at different points in their nuclei are higher.Consequently,we exploited this feature to improve the SVM model.The sensitivity and specificity for the identification of cancer cells could be increased to 99%and 98%,respectively.We also designed an image-processing method for the extraction of information from cell nuclei to automate the identification process.

Study of the best decocting time of sun dried ginseng by using the hyperspectral imaging technology

In this research,a new method based on the hyperspectral imaging for searching the best decocting time of sun dried ginseng is reported.The spectral images at diferent decocting time of test sample have been taken by the st aring hyperspectral fAuorescence imaging systen and the solubility of active ingredients have been discussed by analyzing the changes on the spectral.curves.The spectr al range of the system is 400-720nm and the spectral resolution is 5nm.In the decocting process,the active ingredients of nonsoaked ginseng was dissolved in the tissue fluid at first,and reached equilibrium condition at last after the precipitation-dissolution reciprocating process of boiling.At last,the experiment al results show that the best decoction time of sun dried ginseng is about 60 min after boiling.

Semi-quantitative analysis on the content of berberine hydrochloride in compound berberine tablets with the fluorescence spectral imaging method

The content of berberine hydrochloride(BH)in compound berberine tablets(CBTs)is subject to strict requirements.Its content is usually measured based on chemical analysis.In this paper,the fluorescence spectral imaging method was used to study the relative content of BH from a physics perspective.By comparing the relative fluorescence intensity of self-made CBTs with di®erent mass percentages of BH,a linear positive relationship was observed between the BH content and the relative fluorescence intensity,and accordingly the quality of CBTs of different brands was evaluated.The results indicate that the fluorescence spectral imaging method can be a simple,fast and nondestructive semi-quantitative analysis method to determine the content of BH in CBTs,and this method has great potential in the quality control of CBTs.

新型1,2-二取代肼的设计合成及抗癌活性初步研究

设计合成了13个新型1,2-二取代肼,其中包括10个2-芳基-1-(4-(N-异丙基)氨甲酰基)苄肼(9a~9j)、2个2-芳甲基-1-(4-(N-异丙基)氨甲酰基)苄肼(13a~13b)以及2-对甲基苯甲酰基-1-(4-(N-异丙基)氨甲酰基)苄肼(14).噻唑蓝法(MTT)检测发现,目标化合物对大鼠脑胶质瘤细胞(C6)、小鼠黑色素瘤复苏细胞(K1735)、人肝癌细胞(HepG-2)、人结肠癌细胞(SW620)、人乳腺癌细胞(MDA-MB-231)和人恶性黑色素瘤(A357)共六株肿瘤细胞大致显示出比阳性对照药丙卡巴肼(Pcb)更好的抗肿瘤活性.Pcb对小鼠黑色素瘤细胞(B16)敏感,在孵育48 h条件下,2-(4-甲氧基)苯基-1-(4-(N-异丙基)氨甲酰基)苄肼(9a)、2-(6-甲氧基-2-基)萘基-1-(4-(N-异丙基)氨甲酰基)苄肼(9b)和2-(3-溴)苯基-1-(4-(N-异丙基)氨甲酰基)苄肼(9i)均表现出比Pcb更强的抗癌活性;9a对除C6和SW620外的其它五株肿瘤细胞展现出最强的抗癌活性,其中,对MDA-MB-231细胞的IC50值为(10.8±0.9)μmol/L;13b对C6的抑制活性最强,IC50值为(15.9±3.1)μmol/L;9e则对SW620的抑制活性最高,IC50值为(62.7±1.4)μmol/L.对于化合物9a~9j,当芳基Ar上的取代基为吸电子效应基团时,通常处于间位比处于对位的抗癌活性要高(9g>9f,9i>9h);而当取代基为供电子效应的基团时,就没有这样的规律性;对于SW620而言,芳环上有弱的供电子诱导效应取代基对提高增殖抑制活性有利.化合物9a、9b、13a和13b对小鼠胚胎成纤维细胞(3T3)的增殖抑制活性较高,尤其是化合物9a和13a,在孵育48 h条件下IC50值分别为(24.9±1.2)和(13.9±1.7)μmol/L.

Influence of Nd^(3+) concentration on mid-infrared emission in PbF_(2) crystal co-doped with Ho^(3+) and Nd^(3+) ions

A promising series of Ho_(y)Nd_(x)Pb_((1-x-y))F_2(x = 0, 0.01, 0.02, 0.03, 0.04;y = 0.02) crystals was grown by the Bridgman method. The influence of the Nd^(3+)ions concentration on mid-infrared(~2.0, ~2.9 and ~3.9 μm)fluorescence emissions of Ho^(3+)ions in the PbF_(2) crystal excited by 808 nm laser diode was investigated in this work. The energy transfer mechanism between Nd^(3+)ions and Ho~(3+)ions under different concentrations of the Nd^(3+)ions was systematically analyzed. The results show that the Nd^(3+)ions have good sensitization and deactivation effect on the Ho^(3+)ions to stimulate the mid-infrared fluorescence emissions. The experimental analysis proves that the sensitization efficiency of the Nd^(3+)ions is relatively stable at around 93.45% with varying Nd^(3+)-doping concentrations. Concentration dependence studies indicate that the concentration of the Nd^(3+)ions has significant influence on mid-infrared emissions.When the doping concentration of the Nd^(3+)ions is up to 2.0 at%, the intensity of ~2.0, ~2.9 and ~3.9 μm emissions all reach the maximum. The output characteristics of a 3.9 μm laser are simulated, and it is found that with the increase of the Nd^(3+)-doping concentration, the peak power, pulse width, and peak energy all meet the trend of first increasing and then decreasing, and Ho_(0.02)Nd_(0.02)Pb_(0.96)F_(2) crystal displays the best performance. All the results show that the Nd^(3+)/Ho^(3+)co-doped PbF_(2) crystals might act as a useful optical medium for mid-infrared laser applications.

Optical edge-to-screw singularity state conversions

Optical singularity states,which significantly affect propagation properties of light in free space or optical medium,can be geometrically classified into screw and edge types.These different types of singularity states do not exhibit direct connection,being decoupled from each other in the absence of external perturbations.Here we demonstrate a novel optical process in which a higher-order edge singularity state initially nested in the propagating Gaussian light field gradually involves into a screw singularity with a new-born topological charge determined by order of the edge state.The considered edge state comprises an equal superposition of oppositely charged vortex and antivortex modes.We theoretically and experimentally realize this edge-to-screw conversion process by introducing intrinsic vortex–antivortex interaction.We also present a geometrical representation for mapping this dynamical process,based on the higher-order orbital Poincarésphere.Within this framework,the edge-to-screw conversion is explained by a mapping of state evolution from the equator to the north or south pole of the Poincarésphere.Our demonstration provides a novel approach for manipulating singularity state by the intrinsic vortex–antivortex interactions.The presented phenomenon can be also generalized to other wave systems such as matter wave,water wave,and acoustic wave.

Higher-order optical rabi oscillations

Rabi oscillations express a phenomenon of periodic conversion between two wave states in a coupled system.The finding of Rabi oscillation has led to important applications in many different disciplines.Despite great progress,it is still unknown whether the Rabi oscillating state can be excited in the framework of the higher-order vector vortex regime.Here,we demonstrate in theory that the higher-order vector vortex light beams can be Rabi oscillating during evolution in an optical coupling system.This new classical oscillating state of light is characterized by a topologically shaped wavefront and coupled with spatially varying polarization.The vector vortex state exhibits a harmonic oscillatory property in the resonant and nonresonant conditions but differs greatly in Rabi oscillating frequencies.During Rabi oscillation,the complex state maintains its topology and intensity profile,while its intrinsic polarization pattern varies adiabatically in a periodic manner.We present an interpretation of the Rabi oscillation of the higher-order wave states in terms of the coupled-mode theory.Furthermore,we reveal a symmetry-protected transition between two Rabi oscillating modes,driven by a slowly varying phase mismatch.This Rabi transition has not been reported in either quantum mechanics or any other physical setting.This work advances the research of Rabi oscillation into the higher-order regime,and it may lead to novel applications in classical and quantum optics.

Spin-orbit Rabi oscillations in optically synthesized magnetic fields

Rabi oscillation has been proven to be one of the cornerstones of quantum mechanics,triggering substantial investigations in different disciplines and various important applications both in the classical and quantum regimes.So far,two independent classes of wave states in the Rabi oscillations have been revealed as spin waves and orbital waves,while a Rabi wave state simultaneously merging the spin and orbital angular momentum has remained elusive.Here we report on the experimental and theoretical observation and control of spin–orbit-coupled Rabi oscillations in the higher-order regime of light.We constitute a pseudo spin-1/2 formalism and optically synthesize a magnetization vector through light-crystal interaction.We observe simultaneous oscillations of these ingredients in weak and strong coupling regimes,which are effectively controlled by a beam-dependent synthetic magnetic field.We introduce an electrically tunable platform,allowing fine control of transition between different oscillatory modes,resulting in an emission of orbital-angular-momentum beams with tunable topological structures.Our results constitute a general framework to explore spin–orbit couplings in the higher-order regime,offering routes to manipulating the spin and orbital angular momentum in three and four dimensions.The close analogy with the Pauli equation in quantum mechanics,nonlinear optics,etc.,implies that the demonstrated concept can be readily generalized to different disciplines.

Effects of magnetic field on fluidization properties of magnetic pearls

An experimental study of the influence of external magnetic field on the fluidization behavior of magnetic pearls was carried out. Magnetic pearls are a magnetic form of iron oxide that mainly consists of Fe2O3 which are recovered from a high-volume power plant fly ash from pulverized coal combustion. Due to its abundance, low price and particular physical and chemical properties, magnetic pearls can be used as a heavy medium for minerals or solid waste dry separation based on density difference. This paper introduces the properties of magnetic pearls and compares the performance of magnetic pearls fluidised bed operation with or without an external magnetic field. Experimental results show that an external magnetic field significantly improves the fluidization performance of magnetic pearls such as uniformity and stability.

Single stain hyperspectral imaging for accurate fungal pathogens identification and quantification

The most widely used method of identification of microbial morphology and structure is microscopy,but it can be difficult to distinguish between pathogens with a similar appearance.Existing fluorescent staining methods require a combination of a variety of fluorescent materials to meet this demand.In this study,unique concentration-dependent fluorescent carbon dots(CDs)were synthesized for the identification and quantification of pathogens.The emission wavelength of the CDs could be tuned spanning the full visible region by virtue of aggregation-induced narrowing of bandgaps.This tunable emission wavelength of the specific concentration response to diverse microbes can be used to distinguish microorganisms with a similar appearance,even in a same genus.A hyperspectral microscopy system was demonstrated to distinguish Aspergillus flavus and A.fumigatus based on the results above.The identification accuracy of the two similar-looking pathogens can be close to 100%,and the relative proportions and spatial distributions can also be profiled from the mixture of the pathogens.This technique can provide a solution to the fast detection of microorganisms and is potentially applicable to a wide range of problems in areas such as healthcare,food preparation,biotechnology,and health emergency.

Optical superoscillatory waves without side lobes along a symmetric cut

Optical superoscillation refers to an intriguing phenomenon of a wave packet that can oscillate locally faster than its highest Fourier component,which potentially produces an extremely localized wave in the far field.It provides an alternative way to overcome the diffraction limit,hence improving the resolution of an optical microscopy system.However,the optical superoscillatory waves are inevitably accompanied by strong side lobes,which limits their fields of view and,hence,potential applications.Here,we report both experimentally and theoretically a new superoscillatory wave form,which not only produces significant feature size down to deep subwavelength,but also completely eliminates side lobes in a particular dimension.We demonstrate a new mechanism for achieving such a wave form based on a pair of moonlike sharp-edge apertures.The resultant superoscillatory wave exhibits Bessel-like forms,hence allowing long-distance propagation of subwavelength structures.The result facilitates the study of optical superoscillation and on a fundamental level eliminates the compromise between the superoscillatory feature size and the field of view.