Detection and Monitoring of Key Hazard Factors for Quality and Safety of Characteristic Berries and Standardized Production Technology and Application

Blueberry,kiwifruit,Rosa roxburghii,and raspberry are the characteristic fruits planted in Guizhou Province.However,in recent years,harmful factors such as plant diseases and insect pests,pesticides and heavy metal residues have affected the quality and safety of blueberry,kiwifruit,R.roxburghii,raspberry and other berries.These problems mainly include the frequent occurrence of plant diseases and insect pests,pesticide residues and heavy metal pollution,which not only seriously affect the quality and safety of berries,but also restrict the healthy development of berry industry.Therefore,it is very important to study the detection and monitoring of key hazard factors affecting the quality and safety of blueberry,kiwifruit,R.roxburghii and raspberry,as well as the standardized production technology.Using literature analysis,field investigation,questionnaire survey,comprehensive analysis,SWOT analysis,laboratory testing and other methods,this paper made a comprehensive and in-depth study of the berry industry in Guizhou Province.Through the analysis of the current situation of the berry industry in Guizhou Province,the problems and shortcomings in the planting,management,sales and other aspects of the industry were revealed.In order to solve these problems,a series of practical measures were put forward,including strengthening pest control,optimizing pesticide application technology,and strictly controlling heavy metal pollution,so as to ensure the healthy and stable development of berry industry.The implementation of these measures will help to improve the overall quality level of the berry industry in Guizhou Province.

GA Associated Dwarf 5 encodes an ent-kaurenoic acid oxidase required for maize gibberellin biosynthesis and morphogenesis

Gibberellin(GA)functions in plant growth and development.However,genes involved in the biosynthesis and regulation of GA in crop plants are poorly understood.We isolated the mutant gad5-1(GAAssociated Dwarf 5),characterized by dwarfing,short internodes,and dark green and short leaves.Map-based gene cloning and allelic verification confirmed that ZmGAD5 encodes ent-kaurenoic acid oxidase(KAO),which catalyzes KA(ent-kaurenoic acid)to GA12 conversion during GA biosynthesis in maize.ZmGAD5 is localized to the endoplasmic reticulum and is present in multiple maize organs.In gad5-1,the expression of ZmGAD5 is severely reduced,and the levels of the direct substrate of KAO,KA,is increased,leading to a reduction in GA content.The abnormal phenotype of gad5-1 was restored by exogenous application of GA3.The biomass,plant height,and levels of GA12 and GA3 in transgenic Arabidopsis overexpressing ZmGAD5 were increased in comparison with the corresponding controls Col-0.These findings deepen our understanding of genes involved in GA biosynthesis,and could lead to the development of maize lines with improved architecture and higher planting-density tolerance.

Response of Freezing/Thawing Indexes to the Wetting Trend under Warming Climate Conditions over the Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau during 1961–2010:A Numerical Simulation

Since the 1990s,the Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau(QTP)has experienced a strikingly warming and wetter climate that alters the thermal and hydrological properties of frozen ground.A positive correlation between the warming and thermal degradation in permafrost or seasonally frozen ground(SFG)has long been recognized.Still,a predictive relationship between historical wetting under warming climate conditions and frozen ground has not yet been well demonstrated,despite the expectation that it will become even more important because precipitation over the QTP has been projected to increase continuously in the near future.This study investigates the response of the thermal regime to historical wetting in both permafrost and SFG areas and examines their relationships separately using the Community Land Surface Model version 4.5.Results show that wetting before the 1990s across the QTP mainly cooled the permafrost body in the arid and semiarid zones,with significant correlation coefficients of 0.60 and 0.48,respectively.Precipitation increased continually at the rate of 6.16 mm decade–1 in the arid zone after the 1990s but had a contrasting warming effect on permafrost through a significant shortening of the thawing duration within the active layer.However,diminished rainfall in the humid zone after the 1990s also significantly extended the thawing duration of SFG.The relationship between the ground thawing index and precipitation was significantly negatively correlated(−0.75).The dual effects of wetting on the thermal dynamics of the QTP are becoming critical because of the projected increases in future precipitation.

Restraining migration and dissolution of transition-metal-ions via functionalized separator for Li-rich Mn-based cathode with high-energy-density

Lithium-rich manganese-based materials(LRMs) are promising cathode for high-energy-density lithiumion batteries due to their high capacity,low toxicity,and low cost.However,LRMs suffer from serious voltage decay and capacity fade due to continual migration and dissolution of transition metal ions(TMs) during cycling process.Herein,a novel strategy is proposed to inhibit the TMs migration of LRMs through a modified separator by means of functionalized carbon coating layer,which depends on the chemical constraint of the abundant functional groups in the modified super P.In addition,it has been found that the dissolution of TMs can be restrained based on the Le Chatelier's principle.Moreover,the modified separator owns good wettability toward the electrolyte.As a result,the LRMs cathode with the modified separator delivers a high discharge capacity of 329.93 mA h g-1 at 0.1 C,and achieves good cyclic performance,the enhanced reaction kinetics and low voltage decay.Therefore,this work provides a new idea to promote the comprehensive electrochemical performances of Li-ion batteries with LRMs cathode through a strategy of separator modification.

Genetic susceptibility loci of lung cancer are associated with malignant risk of pulmonary nodules and improve malignancy diagnosis based on CEA levels

Objective:The heightened prevalence of pulmonary nodules(PN)has escalated its significance as a public health concern.While the precise identification of high-risk PN carriers for malignancy remains an ongoing challenge,genetic variants hold potentials as determinants of disease susceptibility that can aid in diagnosis.Yet,current understanding of the genetic loci associated with malignant PN(MPN)risk is limited.Methods:A frequency-matched case-control study was performed,comprising 247 MPN cases and 412 benign NP(BNP)controls.We genotyped 11 established susceptibility loci for lung cancer in a Chinese cohort.Loci associated with MPN risk were utilized to compute a polygenic risk score(PRS).This PRS was subsequently incorporated into the diagnostic evaluation of MPNs,with emphasis on serum tumor biomarkers.Results:Loci rs10429489G>A,rs17038564A>G,and rs12265047A>G were identified as being associated with an increased risk of MPNs.The PRS,formulated from the cumulative risk effects of these loci,correlated with the malignant risk of PNs in a dose-dependent fashion.A high PRS was found to amplify the MPN risk by 156%in comparison to a low PRS[odds ratio(OR)=2.56,95%confidence interval(95%CI),1.40−4.67].Notably,the PRS was observed to enhance the diagnostic accuracy of serum carcinoembryonic antigen(CEA)in distinguishing MPNs from BPNs,with diagnostic values rising from 0.716 to 0.861 across low-to high-PRS categories.Further bioinformatics investigations pinpointed rs10429489G>A as an expression quantitative trait locus.Conclusions:Loci rs10429489G>A,rs17038564A>G,and rs12265047A>G contribute to MPN risk and augment the diagnostic precision for MPNs based on serum CEA concentrations.

非认知能力对城乡户籍人口收入的异质性影响——基于中国家庭追踪调查数据(CFPS)的实证研究

使用2018年的中国家庭追踪调查数据(CFPS),选取大五人格量表测量非认知能力,综合利用普通最小二乘法、条件分位数回归、无条件分位数回归以及工具变量法,实证检验了非认知能力对城乡户籍人口收入的异质性影响,研究发现:城乡户籍人口非认知能力的收入回报率存在明显差异,相较于城市户籍人口,非认知能力对农村户籍人口收入的影响更大,另外,非认知能力对农村户籍低收入者的影响大于农村户籍高收入者。因此,应当充分发挥教育在解决相对贫困、阻断贫困代际传递中的关键作用,充分发挥财政补偿职能,强化乡村教育中非认知能力的培养。具体来说,应重视农村户籍低收入者非认知能力的培养与提升;将农村学生非认知能力培养贯穿于整个乡村教育过程中;在家庭教育中加强非认知能力培养。

NaH doped TiO_(2)as a high-performance catalyst for Mg/MgH_(2)cycling stability and room temperature absorption

This paper presents the catalytic effect of NaH doped nanocrystalline TiO_(2)(designated as NaTiOxH)in the improvement of MgH_(2)hydrogen storage properties.The catalyst preparation involves ball milling NaH with TiO_(2)for 3 hr.The addition of 5 wt%NaTiOxH powder into MgH_(2)reduces its operating temperature to∼185℃,which is∼110℃lower than the additive-free as-milled MgH_(2).The composite remarkably desorbs∼7.2 wt%H_(2)within 15 min at∼290℃and reabsorbs∼4.5 wt%H_(2)in 45 min at room temperature under 50 bar H_(2).MgH_(2)dehydrogenation is activated at 57 kJ/mol by the catalyst.More importantly,the addition of 2.5 wt%NaTiOxH catalyst aids MgH_(2)to reversibly produce∼6.1 wt%H_(2)upon 100 cycles within 475 hr at 300℃.Microstructural investigation into the catalyzed MgH_(2)composite reveals a firm contact existing between NaTiOxH and MgH_(2)particles.Meanwhile,the NaTiOxH catalyst consists of catalytically active Ti_(3)O_(5),and“rod-like”Na_(2)Ti_(3)O_(7)species liberated in-situ during preparation;these active species could provide multiple hydrogen diffusion pathways for an improved MgH_(2)sorption process.Furthermore,the elemental characterization identifies the reduced valence states of titanium(Ti<4+)which show some sort of reversibility consistent with H_(2)insertion and removal.This phenomenon is believed to enhance the mobility of Mg/MgH_(2)electrons by the creation and elimination of oxygen vacancies in the defective(TiO_(2-x))catalyst.Our findings have therefore moved MgH_(2)closer to practical applications.

Recent Progress of Surface Passivation Molecules for Perovskite Solar Cell Applications

Due to the solution processable nature,the prepared perovskite films are polycrystalline with considerable number of defects.These defects,especially defects at interface accelerate the carrier recombination and reduce the carrier collection.Besides,the surface defects also affect the long-term stability of the perovskite solar cells(PVSCs).To solve this problem,surface passivation molecules are introduced at selective interface(the interface between perovskite and carrier selective layer).This review summarizes recent progress of small molecules used in PVSCs.Firstly,different types of defect states in perovskite films are introduced and their effects on device performance are discussed.Subsequently,surface passivation molecules are divided into four categories,and the interaction between the functional groups of the surface passivation molecules and selective defect states in perovskite films are highlighted.Finally,we look into the prospects and challenges in design noble small molecules for PVSCs applications.

Development and validation of a prognostic indicator for thyroid carcinoma based on interferon-γ-related gene analysis

Background:Women are mostly affected by thyroid carcinoma(THCA),an endocrine system cancer.However,the biomarkers of interferon-gamma(IFN-γ)in THCA have not been identified,so this study aimed to investigate whether IFN-γ-related genes could predict the overall prognosis of THCA patients.Methods:Transcriptome-related expression data were obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas database.Differential expression of IFN-γ-responsive genes(DE-IFN-γ)between THCA and normal samples was determined based on the“limma”package in R.The prognostic value of the model was determined by least absolute shrinkage and selection operator,univariate Cox,and multivariate Cox analyses,as well as Kaplan-Meier curves.A nomogram was created to predict the THCA survival probabilities by combining clinicopathological features and prognostic genetic features.High-risk and low-risk groups were examined THCA-related pathways using gene set enrichment analysis.Correlations between the two groups with different scores and the immune microenvironment and immunotherapy were also explored.Finally,we verified the expression levels using real-time PCR.Results:From 48 DE-IFN-γ,4 DE-IFN-γ(METTL7B,VAMP8,CFB,IFIT3)associated with good prognosis were selected by least absolute shrinkage and selection operator and Cox co-screening.Based on these four genes,THCA patients were divided into two groups,with the high-risk group having a poorer overall survival rate.The risk score,age,and staging were identified as independent prognostic factors.The low-scoring group had significantly enriched 13 signaling pathways,according to gene set enrichment analysis.Meanwhile,the two groups delineated according to the risk score differed in terms of the immune microenvironment and immune checkpoints.Finally,our real-time PCR results corroborated previous hypotheses.Conclusion:Researchers identified four DE-IFN-γbiomarker genes with promising prognostic value for THCA patients,which may help guide immunotherapy preference.Moreover,it may subsequently influence our THCA treatment decisions.

高迁移率族蛋白1通过调控自噬因子P62调节心肌细胞纤维化

目的:探究高迁移率族蛋白1(HMGB1)通过调控自噬活性对心肌纤维化的影响及作用机制。方法:将人心肌细胞AC16培养于DMEM培养基中,用不同浓度的HMGB1(0、4、20、100μg/L)干预AC16细胞6 h,免疫荧光染色检测心脏成纤维细胞活化的标志性蛋白α平滑肌肌动蛋白(α-SMA)的表达水平,Western blot法检测心肌自噬相关蛋白哺乳动物雷帕霉素靶蛋白(mTOR)、磷酸化mTOR(p-mTOR)、微管相关蛋白1轻链3(LC3)、磷酸肌醇-3-激酶3(PIK3C3)、可溶性及不可溶性P62、α-SMA、Ⅰ型胶原蛋白(CollagenⅠ)在AC16中的表达水平。免疫共沉淀检测α-SMA与P62之间的互相作用。结果:不同浓度的HMGB1刺激AC16细胞,AC16细胞中心肌纤维化标志蛋白CollagenⅠ与α-SMA的表达水平呈浓度依赖性升高,自噬蛋白PIK3C3、不可溶性P62的蛋白表达水平,p-mTOR与mTOR的比值,LC3-Ⅱ与LC3-Ⅰ的比值呈浓度依赖性升高,可溶性P62的蛋白表达水平呈浓度依赖性降低。各组间的差异均有统计学意义(P均<0.01)。免疫共沉淀实验显示P62与α-SMA存在相互作用。结论:外源性HMGB1可抑制AC16细胞中的自噬流,诱导AC16细胞纤维化。

基层实验室安全管理探讨

文章通过对实验室安全警示案例的分享,汇总安全管理和防范措施,为各基层实验室安全管理提供参考建议。通过交流学习、查阅文献,文章总结了海南基层实验室现状,重点从防止火灾、爆炸、受伤、中毒、微生物和环境污染等方面进行探讨,提出管理建议和安全操作,并汇总实验室安全应急处理和培训要求。但基层实验室受经费和条件所限,存在诸多弊端,容易引发安全事故,因此领导层应高度重视,加强基层实验室安全管理和人员培训,规范安全操作,才能保障检验人员的安全和实验室正常运行。

电力电缆温升特性研究及载流量计算

电力电缆通常敷设于地下,一旦发生故障,很难及时发现和维修。通过对电力电缆的温升特性研究和载流量计算可以有效减少电缆故障的发生。结合仿真试验、最优化算法以及对试验数据的归纳完成温度场分析和载流量计算。为确保有限元计算的准确性,使用最优化算法对模型进行校正。将校正后的有限元模型输入外界条件和电力电缆导体长期发热最高允许温度,通过迭代计算的方式得到电缆载流量。通过分析仿真试验的数据,总结出了电力电缆载流量与外界环境之间的函数关系,通过该函数关系可以快速估算电力电缆的动态载流量。经过温度场和载流量的计算,得到电力电缆电流的阈值,达到兼顾电缆安全可靠性和充分利用电缆传输能力的目的。

Major Diseases and Pests of Blueberry in Guizhou Province and Progress in Their Prevention and Control

As the blueberry industry continues to evolve,the effective control of its diseases and pests has become an essential component of local agricultural development.This paper provides a comprehensive overview of the principal types of blueberry diseases and pests in Guizhou Province,along with the corresponding control measures,in order to serve as a valuable reference for blueberry growers.

含风电-氢能-电转气的园区综合能源系统优化调度

由风力发电与电转气相结合的综合能源系统是实现能源高效利用的有效途径,具有巨大发展潜力,其合理规划调度是一个亟待解决的关键问题。本文将电转气运行过程细化为电制氢气和氢气甲烷化两阶段,在电解水制氢阶段结合氢能需求这一未来发展趋势,将不稳定的风电转化为氢气,供给氢负荷;其次以运行成本和碳排放成本之和最小为目标,建立含风电-氢能-电转气(power to gas,P2G)的园区综合能源系统经济优化调度模型,算例仿真表明,相比包含传统电转气的系统,所建模型可实现能量高效利用,提高综合能源系统的经济性和低碳性,总成本降低16.61%;最后引入权重系数,对系统进行灵敏度分析,得出其合理区间范围,以供参考。

Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell-loaded amniotic membrane for the repair of radial nerve injury

In this study, we loaded human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells onto human amniotic membrane with epithelial cells to prepare nerve conduits, i.e., a relatively closed nerve regeneration chamber. After neurolysis, the injured radial nerve was enwrapped with the prepared nerve conduit, which was fixed to the epineurium by sutures, with the cell on the inner surface of the conduit. Simultaneously, a 1.0 mL aliquot of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell suspension was injected into the distal and proximal ends of the injured radial nerve with 1.0 cm intervals. A total of 1.75 x 107 cells were seeded on the amniotic membrane. In the control group, patients received only neurolysis. At 12 weeks after cell transplantation, more than 80% of patients exhibited obvious improvements in muscular strength, and touch and pain sensations. In contrast, these improvements were observed only in 55-65% of control patients. At 8 and 12 weeks, muscular electrophysiological function in the region dominated by the injured radial nerve was significantly better in the transplantation group than the control group. After cell transplantation, no immunological rejections were observed. These findings suggest that human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell-loaded amniotic membrane can be used for the repair of radial nerve injury.

Multiple cytokine profiling in serum for early detection of gastric cancer

AIM To investigate the value of multiparameter joint analysis in the early diagnosis of gastric cancer(GC) in clinical practice.METHODS Concentrations of CEA, CA724 and three kinds of cytokines(TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-8) in 176 GC patients, 117 atypical hyperplasia patients, and 204 healthy control individuals were used for building the diagnostic model, then 58 GC patients, 41 atypical hyperplasia patients, and 66 healthy control individuals were enrolled independently. The joints of the indicators were analyzed by binary logistic regression analysis method.RESULTS For discriminating the healthy control group and the GC group, IL-6 had the best diagnostic value, and the area under curve(AUC) of joint analysis was 0.95(0.93-0.97). For the early stage and advanced stage GC, the AUC were 0.95(0.92-0.98) and 0.95(0.92-0.97). For discriminating the atypical hyperplasia group and GC group, CA724 had the best diagnostic value, and the AUC of joint analysis was 0.97(0.95-0.99). For the early stage and advanced stage GC groups, the AUC were 0.98(0.96-0.99) and 0.96(0.94-0.98). After evaluation, for discriminating the GC, early stage GC and advanced cancer group from the healthy control group, the diagnostic sensitivity was 89.66%, 84.21% and 92.31%, respectively, and the specificity was 92.42%, 90.91% and 90.91%. For discriminating the GC, early stage GC and advanced cancer groups from the atypical hyperplasia group, the diagnostic sensitivity was 87.93%, 78.95% and 92.31%, respectively, and the specificity was 87.80%, 85.37% and 90.24%.CONCLUSION We have built a diagnostic model including CEA, CA724, IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α. It may provide potential assistance as a screening method for the early detection of GC.

Malignant gangliocytic paraganglioma of the duodenum with distant metastases and a lethal course

Gangliocytic paraganglioma(GP) is rare and has been regarded as benign in general with a good prognosis.We present a patient with duodenal GP showing a malignant and lethal clinical course.A 47-year-old male patient was found to have a duodenal tumor and enlarged regional lymph nodes.The patient initially underwent a pancreaticoduodenectomy to resect the tumor and involved lymph nodes completely.Histological and immunohistochemical analyses showed findings typical of GP.However,the distant metastatic lesions in the liver and pelvic cavity were rapidly observed after surgery.The patient underwent chemotherapy and radiotherapy,as well as a second surgery to partly remove the metastatic mass in the pelvic cavity.The histological examination revealed no significant difference in histological features between the primary duodenal tumor and the metastatic pelvic mass.However,the patient finally died of the tumor due to the recurrence of the residual pelvic lesion and increased liver mass.To our knowledge,this is the first report of lethal GP with multifocal metastases.Our case confirms that GP should be regarded as a malignant potential tumor with behavior code of "1",rather than a benign tumor of "0".

Short-term environmental enrichment exposure induces proliferation and maturation of doublecortin-positive cells in the prefrontal cortex

Previous studies have demonstrated that doublecortin-positive immature neurons exist pre- dominantly in the superficial layer of the cerebral cortex of adult mammals such as guinea pigs, and these neurons exhibit very weak properties of self-proliferation during adulthood under physiological conditions. To verify whether environmental enrichment has an impact on the proliferation and maturation of these immature neurons in the prefrontal cortex of adult guinea pigs, healthy adult guinea pigs were subjected to short-term environmental enrichment. Animals were allowed to play with various cognitive and physical stimulating objects over a period of 2 weeks, twice per day, for 60 minutes each. Immunofluorescence staining results indicated that the number of doublecortin-positive cells in layer II of the prefrontal cortex was significantly increased after short-term environmental enrichment exposure. In addition, these doublecortin-positive cells co-expressed 5-bromo-2-deoxyuridine （a marker of cell prolifera- tion）, c-Fos （a marker of cell viability） and NeuN （a marker of mature neurons）. Experimental findings showed that short-term environmental enrichment can induce proliferation, activation and maturation of doublecortin-positive cells in layer II of the prefrontal cortex of adult guinea pigs.

Bare sclera resection followed by mitomycin C and/or autograft limbus conjunctiva in the surgery for pterygium:a Meta-analysis

AIM: To evaluate the recurrence and complications after bare sclera resection (BSR) combined with mitomycin C (MMC) treatment and/or autograft limbus conjunctiva (ALC) in the surgery for pterygium. METHODS: Meta -analysis was used to evaluate the differences in patient outcomes between BSR of pterygium with or without MMC and/or ALC. All included studies were randomized trials of patients with pterygium who received BSR followed by MMC and/or ALC in the surgery. The recurrence of pterygium and other complications resulting from different treatments were extracted for analysis. RESULTS: Thirteen studies met the inclusion criteria. The recurrence of pterygium with intraoperative (10) MMC was higher than that with ALC (OR=2.38,95% confidence interval 1.45-3.91, I-2=29%). Postoperative MMC resulted in an incidence of recurrence similar to that of ALC (OR= 0.66, 95% confidence interval 0.30-1.42, I-2=0%), and 10 MMC treatment in combination with ALC produced similar patient outcomes to ALC alone (OR =0.41, 95% confidence interval 0.16-1.01, I-2=16%). Other complications such as punctate epitheliopathy, scleral thinning and ischemia, irritation and persistent epithelium defect, were more common in patients in the MMC group as compared to those treated with ALC. CONCLUSION: The recurrence of pterygium with BSR followed by ALC is lower than that of BSR followed by MMC, and the incidence of other complications is lower. While ALC is a more effective strategy for treating pterygium, the quality of the ALC transplant should be considered when the patient has a history of glaucoma.

Lijiang 2.4-meter Telescope and its instruments

The Lijiang 2.4-meter Telescope(LJT), the largest common-purpose optical telescope in China,has been available to the worldwide astronomical community since 2008. It is located at the Gaomeigu site,Lijiang Observatory(LJO), in the southwest of China. The site has very good observational conditions.During its 10-year operation, several instruments have been equipped on the LJT. Astronomers can perform both photometric and spectral observations. The main scientific goals of LJT include recording photometric and spectral evolution of supernovae, reverberation mapping of active galactic nuclei, investigating the physical properties of binary stars and near-earth objects(comets and asteroids), and identification of exoplanets and all kinds of transients. Until now, the masses of 41 high accretion rate black holes have been measured, and more than 168 supernovae have been identified by the LJT. More than 190 papers related to the LJT have been published. In this paper, the general observation conditions of the Gaomeigu site is introduced at first. Then, the structure of the LJT is described in detail, including the optical, mechanical, motion and control system. The specification of all the instruments and some detailed parameters of the YFOSC is also presented. Finally, some important scientific results and future expectations are summarized.