Underlying anti-hypertensive mechanism of the Mizuhopecten yessoensis derived peptide NCW in spontaneously hypertensive rats via widely targeted kidney metabolomics

The angiotensin-converting enzyme(ACE)inhibitory peptide NCW derived from Mizuhopecten yessoensis has been demonstrated to have significant in vivo anti-hypertensive effects,however,its anti-hypertensive mechanism is still not fully clarified.This study established a UPLC-Q-TRAP-MS/MS-based widely targeted kidney metabolomics approach to explore the changes of kidney metabolic profiles and to clarify the antihypertensive mechanism of peptide NCW in spontaneously hypertensive rats(SHRs).Multivariate statistical analysis indicated that the kidney metabolic profiles were clearly separated between the SHR-NCW and SHRUntreated groups.A total of 85 metabolites were differentially regulated,and 16 metabolites were identified as potential kidney biomarkers,e.g.,3-hydroxybutyrate,malonic acid,deoxycytidine,and L-aspartic acid.The peptide NCW might regulate kidney metabolic disorder of SHRs to alleviate hypertension by suppressing inflammation and improving nitric oxide production under the regulation of linoleic acid metabolism,folate related pathways,synthesis and degradation of ketone bodies,pyrimidine metabolism,β-alanine metabolism,and retinal metabolism.

Virtual screening,molecular docking and identification of umami peptides derived from Oncorhynchus mykiss

Oncorhynchus mykiss is delicious and contains abundant flavor substances.However,few studies focused on umami peptides of O.mykiss.In the current work,umami peptides derived from O.mykiss were identified using virtual screening,molecular docking,and electronic tongue analysis.First,the O.mykiss protein was hydrolyzed using the PeptideCutter online enzymolysis program.Subsequently,water-soluble and toxicity screening were performed by Innovagen and ToxinPred software,respectively.The potential peptides were docked with umami receptor T1R1/T1R3.Furthermore,taste properties of potential peptides were validated by electronic tongue.Docking results suggested that the three tetrapeptide EANK,EEAK,and EMQK could enter the binding pocket in the T1R1 cavity,wherein Arg151,Asp147,Gln52,and Arg277 may play key roles in the production of umami taste.Electronic tongue results showed that the umami value of EANK,EEAK,and EMQK were stronger than monosodium glutamate.This work provides a new insight for the screening of umami peptides in O.mykiss.

LICOM Model Datasets for the CMIP6 Ocean Model Intercomparison Project

The datasets of two Ocean Model Intercomparison Project(OMIP)simulation experiments from the LASG/IAP Climate Ocean Model,version 3(LICOM3),forced by two different sets of atmospheric surface data,are described in this paper.The experiment forced by CORE-II(Co-ordinated Ocean–Ice Reference Experiments,Phase II)data(1948–2009)is called OMIP1,and that forced by JRA55-do(surface dataset for driving ocean–sea-ice models based on Japanese 55-year atmospheric reanalysis)data(1958–2018)is called OMIP2.First,the improvement of LICOM from CMIP5 to CMIP6 and the configurations of the two experiments are described.Second,the basic performances of the two experiments are validated using the climatological-mean and interannual time scales from observation.We find that the mean states,interannual variabilities,and long-term linear trends can be reproduced well by the two experiments.The differences between the two datasets are also discussed.Finally,the usage of these data is described.These datasets are helpful toward understanding the origin system bias of the fully coupled model.

A highly efficient flower-like cobalt catalyst for electroreduction of carbon dioxide

Electrochemical conversion of CO2 into fuel has been regarded as a promising approach to achieve the global carbon cycle.Herein,we report an efficient cobalt catalyst with a unique flower-like morphology synthesized by a green and facile hydrothermal method,in which n-butylamine is used as the capping agent.The resultant catalyst shows superior electrocatalytic activity toward CO2 electroreduction,which is highly selective for generating formate with a Faraday efficiency of 63.4%.Electrochemical analysis reveals that the oxide on the surface is essential for the electrocatalysis of the CO2 reduction reaction.Cyclic voltammograms further suggest that this catalyst is highly active for the oxidation of reduced product,and can thus be seen as a bifunctional catalyst.

Identification and molecular mechanism of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitory peptides from Larimichthys crocea titin

This study aimed to identify novel ACEI peptides from Larimichthys crocea titin using in silico approaches and to clarify the molecular interaction mechanism.The hydrolyzed peptides of titin were compared with known ACEI peptides in the AHTPDB and BIOPEP-UWM database.Furthermore,peptides were evaluated for their solubility,ADMET properties,ΔG(kcal/mol)values,and in vitro ACEI activity.Molecular mechanism of ACE-peptide was performed by molecular interactions and binding orientation study.The results revealed that IC50 values of Trp-Ala-Arg(WAR)and Trp-Gln-Arg(WQR)were(31.2±0.8)and(231.33±0.02)mol/L,respectively.The docking interactions result suggested that ACE-WAR and ACEWQR complexes have same binding site,including the residues LYS511,TYR520,TYR523,HIS353,and HIS513.Molecular docking of two tripeptides WAR and WQR with ACE studies predicted their binding site and clarified the interaction between ACE and its inhibitors.The molecular docking data are consistent with the ACE inhibitory activity of the studied peptides.The results showed that Larimichthys crocea titin may be a valuable source for developing nutraceutical food.

Identifi cation of egg protein-derived peptides as xanthine oxidase inhibitors:virtual hydrolysis,molecular docking,and in vitro activity evaluation

The purpose of this study was to screen the xanthine oxidase(XO)inhibitory peptides from egg white proteins through virtual hydrolysis,in vitro activity validation,and molecular docking.The results demonstrated that tripeptide EEK from ovalbumin exhibited potent XO inhibitory activity with an IC50 value of 141μmol/L.The molecular docking results showed that tripeptide EEK bound with the active center of XO via 3 carbon hydrogen bond interactions,2 salt bridges,5 conventional hydrogen bond interactions,and 4 attractive charge interactions.The residues Glu802,Phe1009,and Arg880 may play key roles in the XO catalytic reaction.Especially,the key intermolecular forces of inhibiting XO activity may be special type of hydrogen bonds including carbon hydrogen bond interactions and attraction charge interactions.The novel tripeptide EEK is potential candidates for controlling hyperuricemia.

Active wavefront shaping for controlling and improving multimode fi ber sensor

Wavefront shaping(WFS)techniques have been used as a powerful tool to control light propagation in complex media,including multimode fibers.In this paper,we propose a new application of WFS for multimode fber-based sensors.The use of a single multimode fiber alone,without any special fabrication,as a sensor based on the light intensity variations is not an easy task.The twist effect on multimode fiber is used as an example herein.Experimental results show that light intensity through the multimode fiber shows no direct relationship with the twist angle,but the correlation coefficient(CC)of speckle patterns does.Moreover,if WFS is applied to transform the spatially seemingly random light pattern at the exit of the multimode fiber into an optical focus.The focal pattern correlation and intensity both can serve to gauge the twist angle,with doubled measurement range and allowance of using a fast point detector to provide the feedback.With further development,WFS may find potentials to facilitate the development of multimode fber-based sensors in a variety of scenarios.

Biological evaluation and interaction mechanism of beta-site APP cleaving enzyme 1 inhibitory pentapeptide from egg albumin

Inhibition of beta-site APP cleaving enzyme1(BACE1)is one of the most promising therapeutic approaches for Alzheimer’s disease.To find natural products for the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease,absorption,distribution,metabolism,excretion and toxicity(ADMET)properties and in vitro BACE1 inhibitory activity of the peptides isolated from egg albumin were evaluated.Then,molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulation were used to explain the molecular mechanism of the interactions between BACE1 and peptides.The IC50 value of peptide KLPGF,with satisfactory ADMET properties,against BACE1 was(8.30±0.56)mmol/L.Molecular docking revealed that KLPGF contacted with the residues of BACE1’s active sites through twelve hydrogen bonds interactions,two hydrophobic interactions,one electrostatic interaction,and two Pi-cation interactions.The 5 ns molecular dynamics simulations confirmed that the structure of KLPGF with BACE1 was stable.Peptide KLPGF contacted the residues Lys321,Asp228,and Asn233 with stable hydrogen bonds.KLPGF may be a potential anti-BACE1 candidate.

Interaction mechanism of egg white-derived ACE inhibitory peptide TNGIIR with ACE and its effect on the expression of ACE and AT1 receptor

The egg white-derived hexapeptide TNGIIR inhibits angiotensin-converting enzyme(ACE)activity in vitro.In this work,molecular docking revealed that TNGIIR established hydrogen bonds with the S1(Ala 354),S2(Gln 281,His 513,Tyr 520 and Lys 511)and S1(Glu 162)pockets of ACE.In addition,the potential antihypertensive effect of the oral administration of TNGIIR in spontaneously hypertensive rats(SHR)was investigated,as was the effect of this peptide on the mRNA expression of ACE and angiotensin type 1(AT1)and type 2(AT2)receptors in renal tissue.The oral administration of TNGIIR(2,10 and 50 mg/kg)for up to four weeks did not reduce the blood pressure of SHR,in contrast to captopril(10 mg/kg,orally),but attenuated the mRNA expression of ACE and AT1 receptor(as did captopril).In contrast,both TNGIIR and captopril enhanced the expression of AT2 receptor mRNA.There was no change in the circulating concentration of angiotensin I,but a slight decrease(about 10%)was seen in the concentration of circulating angiotensin II with TNGIIR and captopril.

Stable overall water splitting in an asymmetric acid/ alkaline electrolyzer comprising a bipolar membrane sandwiched by bifunctional cobalt-nickel phosphide nanowire electrodes

Water splitting has been proposed to be a promising approach to producing clean hydrogen fuel.The two half-reactions of water splitting,that is,the hydrogen evolution reaction(HER)and oxygen evolution reaction(OER),take place kinetically fast in solutions with completely different pH values.Enabling HER and OER to simultaneously occur under kinetically favorable conditions while using exclusively low-cost,earth-abundant electrocatalysts is highly desirable but remains a challenge.Herein,we demonstrate that using a bipolar membrane(BPM)we can accomplish HER in a strongly acidic solution and OER in a strongly basic solution,with bifunctional self-supported cobaltnickel phosphide nanowire electrodes to catalyze both reactions.Such asymmetric acid/alkaline water electrolysis can be achieved at 1.567 V to deliver a current density of 10 mA/cm2 with ca.100%Faradaic efficiency.Moreover,using an“irregular”BPM with unintentional crossover the voltage needed to afford 10 mA/cm2 can be reduced to 0.847 V,due to the assistance of electrochemical neutralization between acid and alkaline.Furthermore,we show that BPM-based asymmetric water electrolysis can be accomplished in a circulated single-cell electrolyzer delivering 10 mA/cm2 at 1.550 V and splitting water very stably for at least 25 hours,and that water electrolysis is enabled by a solar panel operating at 0.908 V(@13 mA/cm2),using an“irregular”BPM.BPMbased asymmetric water electrolysis is a promising alternative to conventional proton and anion exchange membrane water electrolysis.

Easy preparation of multifunctional ternary PdNiP/C catalysts toward enhanced small organic molecule electro-oxidation and hydrogen evolution reactions

The small organic molecule electro-oxidation(OMEO) and the hydrogen evolution(HER) are two important half-reactions in direct liquid fuel cells(DLFCs) and water electrolyzers,respectively,whose performance is largely hindered by the low activity and poor stability of electrocatalysts.Herein,we demonstrate that a simple phosphorization treatment of commercially available palladium-nickel(PdNi) catalysts results in multifunctional ternary palladium nickel phosphide(PdNiP) catalysts,which exhibit substantially enhanced electrocatalytic activity and stability for HER and OMEO of a number of molecules including formic acid,methanol,ethanol,and ethylene glycol,in acidic and/or alkaline media.The improved performance results from the modification of electronic structure of palladium and nickel by the introduced phosphorus and the enhanced corrosion resistance of PdNiP.The simple phosphorization approach reported here allows for mass production of highly-active OMEO and HER electrocatalysts,holding substantial promise for their large-scale application in direct liquid fuel cells and water electrolyzers.

Long distance all-optical logic operations through a single multimode fiber empowered by wavefront shaping

Multimode fibers(MMFs)are a promising solution for high-throughput signal transmission in the time domain.However,crosstalk among different optical modes within the MMF scrambles input information and creates seemingly random speckle patterns at the output.To characterize this process,a transmission matrix(TM)can be used to relate input and output fields.Recent innovations use TMs to manipulate the output field by shaping the input wavefront for exciting advances in deep-brain imaging,neuron stimulation,quantum networks,and analog operators.However,these approaches consider input/output segments as independent,limiting their use for separate signal processing,such as logic operations.Our proposed method,which makes input/output segments as interdependent,adjusts the phase of corresponding output fields using phase bias maps superimposed on input segments.Coherent superposition enables signal logic operations through a 15-m-long MMF.In experiments,a single optical logic gate containing three basic logic functions and cascading multiple logic gates to handle binary operands is demonstrated.Bitwise operations are performed for multi-bit logic operations,and multiple optical logic gates are reconstructed simultaneously in a single logic gate with polarization multiplexing.The proposed method may open new avenues for long-range logic signal processing and transmission via MMFs.

Recent advances in post-chiroptical manipulation of supramolecular aggregates assembled with molecular modules

Recently,various supramolecular assembly systems have been identified where the pre-existing chiral supramolecular structure can be manipulated through environmental adjustments,such as temperature,solvent,and concentration.These changes result in diverse microscopic morphologies during the assembly process and induce chiroptical variations,particularly in circular dichroism(CD)and circularly polarized luminescence(CPL)spectra.These chiroptical properties serve as direct indicators of the chiral supramolecular structure and hold promise for applications in sensing,molecular recognition,asymmetric synthesis,and material science.This review focuses on research published in the last five years,highlighting instances where assembled structures aggregated by small organic molecular modules demonstrate in-situ chiroptical changes through external condition control.It categorizes and discusses different modes of regulation,aiming to offer insights and guidelines for exploring dynamic changes in assembly processes and designing in-situ adjustable structures of assembly modules.

Mixed iridium-nickel oxides supported on antimony-doped tin oxide as highly efficient and stable acidic oxygen evolution catalysts

Proton exchange membrane(PEM)water electrolysis represents a promising technology for green hydrogen production,but its widespread deployment is greatly hindered by the indispensable usage of platinum group metal catalysts,especially iridium(Ir)based materials for the energy-demanding oxygen evolution reaction(OER).Herein,we report a new sequential precipitation approach to the synthesis of mixed Ir-nickel(Ni)oxy-hydroxide supported on antimony-doped tin oxide(ATO)nanoparticles(IrNiyO_(x)/ATO,20 wt.%(Ir+Ni),y=0,1,2,and 3),aiming to reduce the utilisation of scarce and precious Ir while maintaining its good acidic OER performance.When tested in strongly acidic electrolyte(0.1 M HClO_(4)),the optimised IrNi1Ox/ATO shows a mass activity of 1.0 mAµgIr^(−1) and a large turnover frequency of 123 s^(−1) at an overpotential of 350 mV,as well as a comparatively small Tafel slope of 50 mV dec^(−1),better than the IrOx/ATO control,particularly with a markedly reduced Ir loading of only 19.7µgIr cm^(−2).Importantly,IrNi1O_(x)/ATO also exhibits substantially better catalytic stability than other reference catalysts,able to continuously catalyse acidic OER at 10 mA cm^(−2) for 15 h without obvious degradation.Our in-situ synchrotron-based x-ray absorption spectroscopy confirmed that the Ir^(3+)/Ir^(4+)species are the active sites for the acidic OER.Furthermore,the performance of IrNi1Ox/ATO was also preliminarily evaluated in a membrane electrode assembly,which shows better activity and stability than other reference catalysts.The IrNi1Ox/ATO reported in this work is a promising alternative to commercial IrO_(2) based catalysts for PEM electrolysis.

Learning-based super-resolution interpolation for sub-Nyquist sampled laser speckles

Information retrieval from visually random optical speckle patterns is desired in many scenarios yet considered challenging.It requires accurate understanding or mapping of the multiple scattering process,or reliable capability to reverse or compensate for the scattering-induced phase distortions.In whatever situation,effective resolving and digitization of speckle patterns are necessary.Nevertheless,on some occasions,to increase the acquisition speed and/or signal-to-noise ratio(SNR),speckles captured by cameras are inevitably sampled in the sub-Nyquist domain via pixel binning(one camera pixel contains multiple speckle grains)due to finite size or limited bandwidth of photosensors.Such a down-sampling process is irreversible;it undermines the fine structures of speckle grains and hence the encoded information,preventing successful information extraction.To retrace the lost information,super-resolution interpolation for such sub-Nyquist sampled speckles is needed.In this work,a deep neural network,namely SpkSRNet,is proposed to effectively up sample speckles that are sampled below 1/10 of the Nyquist criterion to well-resolved ones that not only resemble the comprehensive morphology of original speckles(decompose multiple speckle grains from one camera pixel)but also recover the lost complex information(human face in this study)with high fidelity under normal-and low-light conditions,which is impossible with classic interpolation methods.These successful speckle super-resolution interpolation demonstrations are essentially enabled by the strong implicit correlation among speckle grains,which is non-quantifiable but could be discovered by the well-trained network.With further engineering,the proposed learning platform may benefit many scenarios that are physically inaccessible,enabling fast acquisition of speckles with sufficient SNR and opening up new avenues for seeing big and seeing clearly simultaneously in complex scenarios.

Towards ideal focusing of diffused light via optical wavefront shaping

Multiple scattering can significantly scramble the amplitude and phase profile of an optical field.It obscures subtle observations but only speckle patterns can be seen,unlike the ballistic regime where the information or the optical field can be identified with limited distortions.Efficient optical manipulation including information transmission and precise focusing is therefore obstructed as light travels deep into turbidmedia such as fog,turbid fluids,and biological tissues.

Boosted lithium storage performance by local build-in electric field derived by oxygen vacancies in 3D holey N-doped carbon structure decorated with molybdenum dioxide

Three-dimensional holey nitrogen-doped carbon matrixes decorated with molybdenum dioxide(MoO_(2))nanoparticles have been successfully synthesized via a NaCl-assisted template strategy.The obtained MoO_(2)/C composites offered multi-advantages,including higher specific surface area,more active sites,more ions/electrons transmission channels,and shorter transmission path due to the synergistic effect of the uniformly distributed MoO_(2) nanoparticles and porous carbon structure.Especially,the oxygen vacancies were introduced into the prepared composites and enhanced the Li^(+)intercalation/deintercalation process during electrochemical cycling by the Coulomb force.The existence of the local built-in electric field was proved by experimental data,differential charge density distribution,and density of states calculation.The uniquely designed structure and introduced oxygen vacancy defects endowed the MoO_(2)/C composites with excellent electrochemical properties.In view of the synergistic effect of the uniquely designed morphology and introduced oxygen vacancy defects,the MoO_(2)/C composites exhibited superior electrochemical performance of a high capacity of 918.2 mAh g^(-1) at 0.1 A g^(-1) after 130 cycles,562.1 mAh g^(-1) at 1.0 A g^(-1) after 1000 cycles,and a capacity of 181.25 mAh g^(-1) even at 20.0 A g^(-1).This strategy highlights the path to promote the commercial application of MoO_(2)-based and other transition metal oxide electrodes for energy storage devices.

简单的蛋白质组装激活三光子活性:由烷基链“奇-偶”效应调控其“之”字形提升

设计具有高阶多光子活性、无重原子的纳米光敏剂,用于近红外(NIR-Ⅱ,1000-1700 nm)二区光诱导的深层肿瘤的光动力学治疗是一个棘手的挑战.本文利用牛血清白蛋白(BSA)与一系列无重原子光敏剂TPA-nCs(n=2-7)进行超分子组装.通过一种简单的方式,成功激活了TPA-nCs多光子荧光,并展现了“奇-偶”效应的趋势,揭示了一个有趣的构效关系.具体来说,奇、偶数烷基取代TPA-nCs偶极矩的差异,导致制备的蛋白质纳米组装体TPA-nCs@BSA呈现了“之”字型增强的三光子荧光性能.其中,TPA-7C@BSA具有最大的三光子吸收截面(可达到4.81×10^(-81)cm~6 s~2 photon^(-2)),其在1250 nm近红外光照射下产生的活性氧物种可实现H22肿瘤高效光动力学治疗.本文报道的烷基链“奇-偶”调控为开发和改进多光子无重原子光敏材料在生物医学中的应用提供了新的思路.

Feasibility study of renewable e-methanol production:A substitution pathway from blue to green

Producing renewable e-methanol from e-hydrogen and diverse carbon sources is an essential way for clean methanol preparation.Despite this,the technical and economic feasibility of different e-methanols has yet to be thoroughly compared,leaving the most promising pathway to achieve commercialization yet evident.This paper reports a preliminary analysis of the lifecycle greenhouse gas(GHG)emissions and costs of four renewable e-methanols with different carbon sources:bio-carbon,direct air capture(DAC),fossil fuel carbon capture(FFCC),and fossil.The results indicate that renewable e-methanol costs(4167−10250 CNY/tonne)2−4 times the market rate of grey methanol.However,with the carbon tax and the projected decline in e-H2 costs,blue e-methanol may initially replace diesel in inland navigation,followed by a shift from heavy fuel oil(HFO)to green e-methanol in ocean ship-ping.Furthermore,the e-H2 cost and the availability of green carbon are vital factors affecting cost-effectiveness.A reduction in e-H2 cost from 2.1 CNY/Nm3 to 1.1 CNY/Nm3 resulting from a transition from an annual to a daily scheduling period,could lower e-methanol costs by 1200 to 2100 CNY.This paper also provides an in-depth discussion on the challenges and opportunities associated with the various green carbon sources.

Adaptive optical focusing through perturbed scattering media with a dynamic mutation algorithm

Optical imaging through or inside scattering media, such as multimode fiber and biological tissues, has a significant impact in biomedicine yet is considered challenging due to the strong scattering nature of light. In the past decade, promising progress has been made in the field, largely benefiting from the invention of iterative optical wavefront shaping, with which deep-tissue high-resolution optical focusing and hence imaging becomes possible. Most of the reported iterative algorithms can overcome small perturbations on the noise level but fail to effectively adapt beyond the noise level, e.g., sudden strong perturbations. Reoptimizations are usually needed for significant decorrelation to the medium since these algorithms heavily rely on the optimization performance in the previous iterations. Such ineffectiveness is probably due to the absence of a metric that can gauge the deviation of the instant wavefront from the optimum compensation based on the concurrently measured optical focusing.In this study, a square rule of binary-amplitude modulation, directly relating the measured focusing performance with the error in the optimized wavefront, is theoretically proved and experimentally validated. With this simple rule, it is feasible to quantify how many pixels on the spatial light modulator incorrectly modulate the wavefront for the instant status of the medium or the whole system. As an example of application, we propose a novel algorithm, the dynamic mutation algorithm, which has high adaptability against perturbations by probing how far the optimization has gone toward the theoretically optimal performance. The diminished focus of scattered light can be effectively recovered when perturbations to the medium cause a significant drop in the focusing performance, which no existing algorithms can achieve due to their inherent strong dependence on previous optimizations. With further improvement, the square rule and the new algorithm may boost or inspire many applications, such as high-resolution optical imaging and stimulation, in instable or dynamic scattering environments.