油井提效新方法与实践

目前国内大多数低渗透油田由于单井产量低(3.0~50.0 m3/d),主要采用游梁式抽油机机械采油方式生产,面临的主要问题是机采系统效率水平低(平均21%~28%)、能耗损失严重;通过游梁式抽油机井系统关键节点运动规律、功率曲线特征分析,总结归纳出提高机采系统效率的3个要点,提出了3个针对性技术对策,以开关磁阻电动机高效驱动、抽油机柔性运行为代表的提效关键技术矿场试验效果显著,为油田机采系统效率提升提供了新的思路和借鉴。

Robust,fluorine-free and superhydrophobic composite melamine sponge modified with dual silanized SiO_(2) microspheres for oil-water separation

Massive oily wastewater discharged from industrial production and human daily life have been an urgent environmental and ecological challenge.Superhydrophobic materials have attracted tremendous attention due to their unique properties and potential applications in the treatment of wastewater.In this study,a novel superhydrophobic/superoleophilic composite melamine sponge modified with dual silanized SiO_(2) microspheres was fabricated simply by a two-step sol-gel method using vinyltriethoxysilane and hexadecyltrimethoxysilane as functional agent,which exhibited a water contact angle of 153.2°and a water sliding contact angle of 4.8°.Furthermore,the composite sponge showed the excellent oil adsorption performance and the compressive elasticity reaching up to 130 g·g^(-1) of dichloromethane and 33.1 kPa of compressive stress.It was worth noting that the composite sponge presented the excellent separation efficiency(up to 99.5%)in the processes of continuous oil/water separation.The robust superhydrophobic composite melamine sponge provided the possibility with the practical application for oil-water separation.

Application of CT perfusion imaging in detection of tumor angiogenesis in osteosarcoma

学习的目的是探索 64 片螺线的申请的目的在在人的 osteosarcoma 评估 angiogenesis 计算了断层摄影术灌注成像(CTPI ) 。方法 26 个病人(从 9 ～ 56 岁的 18 男性和 8 女性，与 19 年的一般水准) 与 osteosarcoma 经历了 64 片螺线 CTPI。我们包括血分析了 CTPI 参数的关联流动(BF ) ，血卷(BV ) ，达到顶点的时间(TTP ) ，和渗透出现(PS ) 与 angiogenesis 的标记的表达式。统计分析与对样品 t 测试被执行，并且皮尔森关联分析被采用与 microvessel 密度(MVD ) 调查 CTPI 参数的关联。osteosarcoma 组的结果平均数 BF， BV， TTP，和 PS 价值是(46.6 椠 ??

Lowering the energy consumption in silicon photonic devices and systems [Invited]

We review current silicon photonic devices and their performance in connection with energy consumption.Four critical issues are identified to lower energy consumption in devices and systems: reducing the influence of the thermo-optic effect, increasing the wall-plug efficiency of lasers on silicon, optimizing energy performance of modulators, and enhancing the sensitivity of photodetectors. Major conclusions are(1) Mach–Zehnder interferometer-based devices can achieve athermal performance without any extra energy consumption while microrings do not have an efficient passive athermal solution;(2) while direct bonded III–V-based Si lasers can meet system power requirement for now, hetero-epitaxial grown III–V quantum dot lasers are competitive and may be a better option for the future;(3) resonant modulators, especially coupling modulators, are promising for low-energy consumption operation even when the power to stabilize their operation is included;(4) benefiting from high sensitivity and low cost, Ge/Si avalanche photodiode is the most promising photodetector and can be used to effectively reduce the optical link power budget. These analyses and solutions will contribute to further lowering energy consumption to meet aggressive energy demands in future systems.

One-step Condensation/copolymerization of VTES and DVB for Self-assembly Bionic Superhydrophobic Surface Coating and Study on Oil-water Separation

Mimicry of nature drives the development of bionic materials.Bionic superhydrophobic materials are a kind of high-efficiency materials to handle oil spills and water pollution.However,the stability of surface coatings of the superhydrophobic materials remains a challenge.Herein,a new category of self-assembly bionic superhydrophobic surface coating was prepared via one-step condensation/copolymerization of vinyltriethoxysilane(VTES)and divinylbenzene(DVB),which realized the close combination of covalent bonds between organic(e.g.DVB)and inorganic matter(e.g.VTES),and avoided the swelling of polydivinylbenzene(PDVB)in the process of collection of oil from water.This organic-inorganic hybrid polymer could self-assembly deposit on the surface of sponge even other substrates.For example,P(VTES-DVB)-Si0_(2)/MS obtained by assembling P(VTES-DVB)-Si0_(2)on the surface of Melamine Sponge(MS)exhibited superhydrophobicity with a Water Contact Angle(WCA)of 157.3,the optimal adsorption capacity of 77 g g 136 g g-1 for diverse oils,and an excellent separation efficiency of 99.3%.Besides,the excellent acid and alkali resistance of P(VTES-DVB)-Si0_(2)/MS suggested the potential value in practical oil-water separation.P(VTES-DVB)-Si0_(2)showed the outstanding hydrophobic performance by using as coating on different substrates.This work provided a new idea about the stable combination of organic and inorganic matter in the surface modification.

Demonstration of an on-chip TE-pass polarizer using a silicon hybrid plasmonic grating

An on-chip, high extinction ratio transverse electric(TE)-pass polarizer using a silicon hybrid plasmonic grating is proposed and experimentally demonstrated. Utilizing plasmonics to manipulate the effective index and mode distribution, the transverse magnetic mode is reflected and absorbed, while the TE mode passes through with relatively low propagation loss. For a 6-μm-long device, the measurement result shows that the extinction ratio in the wavelength range of 1.52 to 1.58 μm varies from 24 to 33.7 dB and the insertion loss is 2.8–4.9 dB. Moreover,the structure exhibits large alignment tolerance and is compatible with silicon-on-insulator fabrication technology.

Ge-on-Si modulators operating at mid-infrared wavelengths up to 8 μm

We report mid-infrared Ge-on-Si waveguide-based PIN diode modulators operating at wavelengths of 3.8 and8 μm. Fabricated 1-mm-long electro-absorption devices exhibit a modulation depth of >35 dB with a 7 V forward bias at 3.8 μm, and a similar 1-mm-long Mach–Zehnder modulator has a Vπ· L of 0.47 V · cm. Driven by a 2.5 Vpp RF signal, 60 MHz on-off keying modulation was demonstrated. Electro-absorption modulation at 8 μm was demonstrated preliminarily, with the device performance limited by large contact separation and high contact resistance.

Athermal scheme based on resonance splitting for silicon-on-insulator microring resonators

A novel athermal scheme utilizing resonance splitting of a dual-ring structure is proposed.Detailed design and simulation are presented,and a proof of concept structure is optimized to demonstrate an athermal resonator with resonance wavelength variation lower than 5 pm∕K within 30 K temperature range.

On-chip light sources for silicon photonics

Serving as the electrical to optical converter,the on-chip silicon light source is an indispensable component of silicon photonic technologies and has long been pursued.Here,we briefly review the history and recent progress of a few promising contenders for on-chip light sources in terms of operating wavelength,pump condition,power consumption,and fabrication process.Additionally,the performance of each contender is also assessed with respect to thermal stability,which is a crucial parameter to consider in complex optoelectronic integrated circuits(OEICs)and optical interconnections.Currently,III-V-based silicon(Si)lasers formed via bonding techniques demonstrate the best performance and display the best opportunity for commercial usage in the near future.However,in the long term,direct hetero-epitaxial growth of III–V materials on Si seems more promising for low-cost,high-yield fabrication.The demonstration of high-performance quantum dot(QD)lasers monolithically grown on Si strongly forecasts its feasibility and enormous potential for on-chip lasers.The superior temperature-insensitive characteristics of the QD laser promote this design in large-scale high-density OEICs.The Germanium(Ge)-on-Si laser is also competitive for large-scale monolithic integration in the future.Compared with a III-V-based Si laser,the biggest potential advantage of a Ge-on-Si laser lies in its material and processing compatibility with Si technology.Additionally,the versatility of Ge facilitates photon emission,modulation,and detection simultaneously with a simple process complexity and low cost.

Single-drive high-speed lumped depletion-type modulators toward 10 fJ/bit energy consumption

Reduction of modulator energy consumption to 10 fJ∕bit is essential for the sustainable development of communication systems.Lumped modulators might be a viable solution if instructed by a complete theory system.Here,we present a complete analytical electro-optic response theory,energy consumption analysis,and eye diagrams on absolute scales for lumped modulators.Consequently the speed limitation is understood and alleviated by single-drive configuration,and comprehensive knowledge into the energy dependence on structural parameters significantly reduces energy consumption.The results show that silicon modulation energy as low as 80.8 and 21.5 fJ∕bit can be achieved at 28 Gbd under 50 and 10 Ω impedance drivers,respectively.A 50 Gbd modulation is also shown to be possible.The analytical models can be extended to lumped modulators on other material platforms and offer a promising solution to the current challenges of modulation energy reduction.

Luminescence enhancement of CaMoO_(4):Eu^(3+) phosphor by charge compensation using microwave sintering method

CaMoO_(4):Eu^(3+)and CaMoO_(4):Eu^(3+),A+(A=Li,Na,K)phosphors for light-emitting diode(LED)applications have been prepared by microwave sintering method(MSM),and their structure and luminescence properties are investigated.The influences of microwave reaction time and concentration of different kinds of charge compensation A+and Eu^(3+)on luminescence have also been discussed.The samples emit a red luminescence at 615 nm attributed to the^(5)D0→^(7)F2 transition of Eu^(3+)under 464 nm excitation.It is observed that adding charge compensation A+in the sample synthesis increases luminescence intensity.The optimized sample made with 32 mol%Li+and 32 mol%Eu^(3+)has an enhancement factor of 4 in photoluminescence compared to the sample made without charge compensation.The CIE(Commission Internationale de l'Eclairage)coordinates of Ca0.36MoO_(4):0.32Eu^(3+),0.32Li+are x=0.661 and y=0.339,which indicate that the obtained phosphor can be a promising red color candidate for white LED fabrications.

Binary blazed grating-based on silicon polarization-independent filter on insulator

In this paper, a binary blazed grating-based polarization independent filter on silicon on insulator （SOI） under full conical incidence is presented. The properties of the grating filter are investigated by rigorous coupled-wave analysis. It＇s shown that the filter demonstrates high reflectivity （R 〉 99%） at its resonant wavelength, which stays the same under three different polarization states. It indicates that this grating filter is polarization-independent. The final data shows its polarization-dependent loss （PDL） is only 0.04 dB and the full width at half maximums （FWHMs） of the transverse electric （TE-） and transverse magnetic （TM-） polarized light are 0.24 and 0.46nm, respectively.

Silicon-based optoelectronics for general-purpose matrix computation:a review

Conventional electronic processors,which are the mainstream and almost invincible hardware for computation,are approaching their limits in both computational power and energy efficiency,especially in large-scale matrix computation.By combining electronic,photonic,and optoelectronic devices and circuits together,silicon-based optoelectronic matrix computation has been demonstrating great capabilities and feasibilities.Matrix computation is one of the few general-purpose computations that have the potential to exceed the computation performance of digital logic circuits in energy efficiency,computational power,and latency.Moreover,electronic processors also suffer from the tremendous energy consumption of the digital transceiver circuits during high-capacity data interconnections.We review the recent progress in photonic matrix computation,including matrix-vector multiplication,convolution,and multiply–accumulate operations in artificial neural networks,quantum information processing,combinatorial optimization,and compressed sensing,with particular attention paid to energy consumption.We also summarize the advantages of siliconbased optoelectronic matrix computation in data interconnections and photonic-electronic integration over conventional optical computing processors.Looking toward the future of silicon-based optoelectronic matrix computations,we believe that silicon-based optoelectronics is a promising and comprehensive platform for disruptively improving general-purpose matrix computation performance in the post-Moore’s law era.

Silicon-based optoelectronics:progress towards large scale optoelectronic integration and applications

In the past half century,silicon-based microelectronics and optical fiber communication have triggered a far-reaching information technology revolution,which has moved human society into a high-speed information age.The demand for communication capacity and speed is growing exponentially.On the other hand,data center and high-performance computing are facing bottlenecks of speed,bandwidth,and energy consumption of electrical interconnections.

Low-loss hybrid plasmonic TM-pass polarizer using polarization-dependent mode conversion

A low-loss hybrid plasmonic transverse magnetic(TM)-pass polarizer has been demonstrated utilizing polarization-dependent mode conversion.Taking advantage of the silicon hybrid plasmonic slot waveguide(HPSW),the unwanted transverse electric(TE)fundamental mode can be efficiently converted first to a TM higher-order mode and then suppressed by a power combiner,while the retained TM fundamental mode can pass through with negligible influence.Since the HPSW feature both strong structural asymmetry and a small interaction area in the cross-section between the metal and optical field,the optimized insertion loss of the device is as low as 0.4 d B.At the wavelength of 1550 nm,the extinction ratio is 28.3 d B with a moderate footprint of 2.38μm×10μm.For the entire C band,the average reflection of the TE mode is suppressed below-14 d B,and the extinction ratio is over 18.6 d B.This work provides another more efficient and effective approach for better on-chip polarizers.

Effect of dipole location on profile properties of symmetric surface plasmon polariton mode in Au/Al2O3/Au waveguide

This study uses a dipole embedded in A1203 layer to excite a symmetric surface plasmon polariton （SPP） mode in Au/A1203/Au waveguide to investigate its profile properties by using finite-difference time-domain （FDTD） method. The excited dipole decay radiatively direct near-field coupling to SPP mode owing to thin A1203 layer of 100 nm. The effects of electric and magnetic field intensity profiles and decay length have been considered and characterized. It is found that dipole location is an important factor to influence the horizontal and vertical profile properties of symmetric SPP mode in Au/A1203/Au waveguide. The amplitudes of electric and magnetic field intensity and the wavelengths of metal-insulatormetal （MIM） SPP resonance mode can be tuned by varying dipole location. The horizontal and vertical decay lengths are 19 and 24 nm, respectively. It is expected that the Au/A1203/Au waveguide structure is very useful for the practical applications of designing a SPP source.

A special issue on Silicon Photonics

The tremendous demand on low cost optoelectronic systems that may be used for high-density data communications, real time sensing/detection and high-speed control/actuation has heated up the research and development in silicon photonics, which studies the principles and technologies of merging electronics and photonics into the silicon platform. To make a silicon photonic system reality, the compatibility in device size and integration processing between the photonics and electronics is essential. Over the past years, unprecedented advancement on individual silicon photonic devices, such as waveguide, beam splitter, light source, modulator, and detector, have been reoorted, vet the Droaress in size and Drocessina issues are still under develoDment.