Current observation and analysis based on mooring systems in the Andaman Sea

The basic structure and intraseasonal evolution of currents in the southeastern Andaman Sea was analyzed based on data collected in 2017 from two subsurface moorings(C1 and C5).Periodic variation in the upper ocean currents of the Andaman Sea was investigated by combining observational and satellite data.Mooring observations show that rapid changes of current speed and direction occurred in May and June,with a significant increase in current velocity at the C1 mooring.In the second half of the year,southward flow dominated at the C1 mooring,and alternating northward and southward flows were evident at the C5 mooring during the same period but the northward flow prevailed in boreal winter.In addition,analysis of the power spectra of the upper currents revealed that the tidal period at both moorings is primarily semidiurnal with weaker energy than that of the low-frequency currents.The upper ocean currents at the C1 and C5 moorings exhibited intraseasonal variation of 30-60 d and 120 d,while the zonal current at the C1 mooring exhibited a notable period of approximately 180 d.Further analysis indicated that the variability of currents in the Andaman Sea is influenced primarily by equatorial Kelvin waves and Rossby wave packets.Moreover,our results suggest that equatorial Kelvin waves from the eastern Indian Ocean entered the Andaman Sea in the form of Wyrtki Jets and propagated primarily along two distinct pathways during the observation period.In addition to coastal boundary Kelvin waves,it was found that a branch of the Wyrtki Jet that directly enters the Andaman Sea and flows northward along the slope of the continental shelf,and reflected Rossby wave packets by topography.

The“depict”strategy for discovering new compounds in complex matrices:Lycibarbarspermidines as a case

The comprehensive detection and identification of active ingredients in complex matrices is a crucial challenge.Liquid chromatography coupled with high-resolution mass spectrometry(LC-HRMS)is the most prominent analytical platform for the exploration of novel active compounds from complex matrices.However,the LC-HRMS-based analysis workflow suffers from several bottleneck issues,such as trace content of target compounds,limited acquisition for fragment information,and uncertainty in interpreting relevant MS2 spectra.Lycibarbarspermidines are vital antioxidant active ingredients in Lycii Fructus,while the reported structures are merely focused on dicaffeoylspermidines due to their low content.To comprehensively detect the new structures of lycibarbarspermidine derivatives,a“depict”strategy was developed in this study.First,potential new lycibarbarspermidine derivatives were designed according to the biosynthetic pathway,and a comprehensive database was established,which enlarged the coverage of lycibarbarspermidine derivatives.Second,the polarity-oriented sample preparation of potential new compounds increased the concentration of the target compounds.Third,the construction of the molecular network based on the fragmentation pathway of lycibarbarspermidine derivatives broadened the comprehensiveness of identification.Finally,the weak response signals were captured by data-dependent scanning(DDA)followed by parallel reaction monitoring(PRM),and the efficiency of acquiring MS2 fragment ions of target compounds was significantly improved.Based on the integrated strategy above,210 lycibarbarspermidine derivatives were detected and identified from Lycii Fructus,and in particular,170 potential new compounds were structurally characterized.The integrated strategy improved the sensitivity of detection and the coverage of low-response components,and it is expected to be a promising pipeline for discovering new compounds.

IL13RA2 promotes progression of infantile haemangioma by activating glycolysis and the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway

Background:Interleukin 13 receptor subunit alpha 2(IL13RA2)plays an essential role in the progression of many cancers.However,the role of IL13RA2 in infantile haemangioma(IH)is still unknown.Materials and Methods:IL13RA2 expression in IH tissues was analyzed using western blot,qRT-PCR,and immunofluorescence.The role of IL13RA2 in haemangioma-derived endothelial cells(HemECs)was determined following knockdown or overexpression of IL13RA2 using CCK-8,colony formation,apoptosis,wound healing,tubule formation,Transwell,and western blot.Results:IL13RA2 expression was upregulated in IH tissues.IL13RA2 overexpression promoted proliferation,migration,and invasion of HemECs and induced glycolysis,which was confirmed with a glycolysis inhibitor.Specifically,IL13RA2 interacted withβ-catenin and activated the Wnt/β-catenin pathway in HemECs,which were involved in the above-mentioned effects of IL13RA2.Conclusions:These findings revealed that targeting IL13RA2 is a potential therapeutic approach for IH.

肿瘤患者T细胞受体多样性和克隆性的高通量测序分析

目的:探讨肺癌和食管癌患者外周血T细胞受体(T cell receptor,TCR)多样性和克隆分布,以及食管癌外周血和肿瘤浸润淋巴细胞中T细胞TCR的差异情况。方法:收集自2019年4月至2021年5月郑州大学第一附属医院未行放、化疗,并排除严重感染性疾病、自身免疫性疾病以及近期使用免疫抑制剂治疗史的8例食管癌、8例肺癌患者的外周血标本,选取其中1例食管癌患者肿瘤组织标本进行TCR测序。17例健康人外周血标本作为对照组。分析肿瘤患者与健康人之间以及早期、晚期肿瘤患者之间TCR多样性指数(D50)、VJ基因使用频率以及CDR3序列克隆型频率的差异。结果:食管癌、肺癌患者外周血TCR CDR3序列的D50值[分别为(0.031±0.028)和(0.077±0.034)],均低于健康人[(0.145±0.057),P<0.000 1和P=0.005 3]。食管癌、肺癌外周血TCR CDR3最大克隆比例[分别为(10.640±7.640)%和(8.334±5.575)%],均高于健康人[(4.070±2.341)%, P=0.003 1和P=0.011 9]。且TCR CDR3序列的最大克隆比例与D50值呈负相关。食管癌和肺癌患者早期外周血T细胞TCR多样性(D50)[分别为(0.057±0.028)和(0.106±0.007)]明显高于晚期患者[分别为(0.015±0.014,P=0.028 5)和(0.059±0.030,P=0.041 7)]。随着疾病进展,肺癌和食管癌患者外周血TCR CDR3中TRBV和TRBJ基因组合使用减少,单个或多个TCR克隆型占比明显增高,存在明显的单一性。结论:肺癌和食管癌中外周血TCR谱多样性低于健康人,且存在克隆性增殖。在肿瘤发展中,TCR谱多样性降低,提示TCR谱为肿瘤的诊断、免疫评估提供了潜在的生物标志物,具有重要的临床指导意义。

Seasonal characteristics and forcing mechanisms of the surface Kuroshio branch intrusion into the South China Sea

Using observational data of Argos satellite-tracked drifters from 1988 to 2012, we analyzed seasonal characteristics of the surface Kuroshio branch(KB) intrusion into the South China Sea(SCS). The analysis results are as follows.The surface KB originates from the southern Balintang Channel(BLTC) and Babuyan Channel(BBYC). It begins in late September, reaches peak strength in November–December, and declines at the end of March. The mean speed of drifters along the KB path during their traverse of the Luzon Strait(LS) was 43% faster than during the two days before entering the LS for the flow originating from the southern BLTC, but there was a 24% increase in speed for the flow from the BBYC. The observations show that in winter, monthly-mean sea-level anomalies(SLAs) were positive southwest of Taiwan Island and extended to the northern LS. The SLAs were negative northwest of Luzon Island and extended to the southern LS, which acted like a pump, forcing a part of Kuroshio water westward into the SCS. The condition under which the KB forms was solved by a set of simplified motion equations. The results indicate that whether the KB can form depends upon the sea-level gradient at the central LS and region to the west, as well as the location, speed and direction of Kuroshio surface water when it enters the LS.

Chemoselective transfer hydrogenation to nitroarenes mediated by oxygen-implanted MoS_2

We present an efficient approach for the chemoselective synthesis of arylamines from nitroarenes and formate over an oxygen-implanted MoS2 catalyst（O-MoS2）.O-MoS2 was prepared by incomplete sul idation and reduction of an ammonium molybdate precursor.A number of Mo-O bonds were implanted in the as-synthesized ultrathin O-MoS2 nanosheets.As a consequence of the different coordination geometries of O（Mo O2） and S（MoS2）,and lengths of the Mo-O and Mo-S bonds,the implanted Mo-O bonds induced obvious defects and more coordinatively unsaturated（CUS） Mo sites in O-MoS2,as confirmed by X-ray diffraction,Raman spectroscopy,X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy,high resolution transmission electron microscopy,and extended X-ray absorption fine structure characterization of various MoS2-based materials.O-MoS2 with abundant CUS Mo sites was found to efficiently catalyze the chemoselective reduction of nitroarenes to arylamines.

Linear-regioselective hydromethoxycarbonylation of styrene using Ru-clusters/CeO2 catalyst

Hydroalkoxycarbonylation of olefins has been considered to be one of the most attractive methods to synthesize esters. Controlling the regioselectivities of linear esters(L) and branched esters(B) is a challenging project for researchers working in this reaction. Although most of the attention has been paid to control the regioselectivity through ligand design in homogeneous catalytic systems, study in the area is still limited. Herein, Ru-clusters/CeO2 is employed as a heterogeneous catalyst for the hydromethoxycarbonylation of styrene without any additives. After optimization of the reaction conditions, the conversion of styrene is > 99% with 83% and 12% regioselectivity of linear and branched ester, respectively. By using different supports(CeO2(nanoparticle), CeO2-rod, and CeO2-cube), three catalysts including Ru-clusters/CeO2, Ru/CeO2-rod, and Ru/CeO2-cube are prepared and applied in the reaction. Structural characterizations demonstrate that the L/B ratio is related to the Ru size of supported Ru catalysts. Further Raman characterization and NH3-TPD demonstrate that the metal-support interaction and the concentration of oxygen vacancy of the catalyst have a great influence on the Ru size. The mechanism and kinetic analysis for this reaction are also investigated in this work.

Propane Aromatization over Mo/HZSM-5 Catalysts

Impregnation, mechanical mixing and hydrothermal treatment methods were used to introduce molybdenum species into the HZSM-5 zeolite. The structure and surface acidity of the catalysts were studied by means of XRD, FT-IR, NH3-TPD, TPR and XPS. The effects of Mo content and reaction time on stream on the aromatization of propane were investigated. It was found that the performance of the Mo/HZSM-5 catalyst prepared by the hydrothermal treatment method was much better than that of the other two catalysts. For example, under the reaction conditions of 823 K and 600 h-1, propane conversion and aromatics selectivity over the catalyst prepared by hydrothermal pretreatment could reach 89.17% and 78.56%, respectively. XRD and XPS results showed that the Mo species in the catalysts prepared by hydrothermal treatment were highly dispersed on the surface of the HZSM-5, and larger amounts of them could penetrate into the HZSM-5 channel, as compared with the other two kinds of catalysts. These factors may be responsible for their high activities for propane aromatization. IR and NH3-TPD studies indicated that the number of Bronsted acid centers decreased and the Lewis acid centers increased after Mo was introduced into the HZSM-5 zeolite.

中国海洋生物地理学研究进展和热点:物种分布模型及其应用

海洋生物地理学是研究海洋生物地理分布时空格局、形成过程及其影响因素的学科,对于生物多样性保护、生态系统结构稳定以及海洋资源可持续利用具有重要支撑作用。物种分布模型是研究物种地理分布变化的重要手段,其发展对于海洋生物地理学的发展具有重要的推动作用。本文综述了中国海洋生物地理学的发展历程和现状;提供了物种分布模型的定义、类型、发展历程及相关重要数据库;整理分析了中国海洋生物地理学研究中的部分热点问题,主要涉及全球变化下海洋生物分布区变化、海洋生物谱系地理结构、海洋生物入侵、种群连通性、海洋保护规划、海洋生态修复、海洋生物对极端环境适应、海洋渔业资源管理和海水养殖规划等。本文同时对海洋生物地理学研究的未来发展进行了展望,强调了改进物种分布模型的重要性,提出要强化环境和生物数据库建设,加强海洋生物地理学与其他学科的交叉融合等。本综述对于今后我国海洋生物地理学的研究,尤其是物种分布模型在相关领域中的应用具有参考价值。

Modelling the variation of demersal fi sh distribution in Yellow Sea under climate change

Climate change can aff ect fi sh individuals or schools,and consequently the fi sheries.Studying future changes of fi sh distribution and abundance helps the scientifi c management of fi sheries.The dynamic bioclimate envelope model(DBEM)was used to identify the“environmental preference profi les”of the studied species based on outputs from three Earth system models(ESMs).Changes in ocean conditions in climate change scenarios could be transformed by the model into those in relative abundance and distribution of species.Therefore,the distributional response of 17 demersal fi shes to climate change in the Yellow Sea could be projected from 1970 to 2060.Indices of latitudinal centroid(LC)and mean temperature of relative abundance(MTRA)were used to represent the results conducted by model.Results present that 17 demersal fi sh species in the Yellow Sea show a trend of anti-poleward shift under both low-emission scenario(RCP 2.6)and high-emission scenario(RCP 8.5)from 1970 to 2060,with the projected average LC in three ESMs shifting at a rate of-1.17±4.55 and-2.76±3.82 km/decade,respectively,which is contrary to the previous projecting studies of fi shes suggesting that fi shes tend to move toward higher latitudes under increased temperature scenarios.The Yellow Sea Cold Water Mass could be the major driver resulting in the shift,which shows a potential signifi cance to fi shery resources management and marine conservation,and provides a new perspective in fi sh migration under climate change.

The mechanism of the banded structure of drifting macroalgae in the Yellow Sea

At the end of May 2008,a massive bloom of macroalgae occurred in the western Yellow Sea off China and lasted for nearly two months,and annual blooms have occurred since then on. During bloom period,the surface-drifting macroalgae have showed an interesting pattern dominated by a banded structure,and the distance between neighboring bands ranged from hundreds of meters to about 6 km with a peak at 1–1.5 km,which is an order of higher than the scale of Langmuir circulation of 50–100 m. In order to explain this new phenomenon,ocean current data obtained from a Doppler current profiler off Qingdao was used to implement stability analysis. By numerically solving the resulting differential Orr-Sommerfeld equation,the secondary circulation induced from the instability of the Emkan current was found to fit well with the observed spatial scale of the surface-drifting macroalgae’s banded structure. As the wind driven Emkan current exist universally in the global ocean,it is reasonable to conclude that the banded structure with kilometers distance between adjoining bands is ubiquitous. We found a new circulation in the upper ocean which is important for exchange of energy,materials and gas between the upper ocean and subsurface layer.

Research on the Impact of Aging and New Generation in the Popula­tion Structure on China’s Real Estate Price Volatility

To clarify the internal mechanism of the influence of the aging population and the new generation on housing prices is helpful to scientifically analyze and predict the trend of housing prices and the aging population and the new generation.This paper uses the intergenerational overlap model of the two periods as the theoretical basis,and uses the provincial panel data from 1998 to 2018 to study the impact of the elderly population and the new generation on the price fluctuations of commercial housing.The results of the study show that on the whole,both the aging population and the new generation have promoted the rise in commodity housing prices.However,the regional heterogeneity is significant.The aging population has the most significant impact on housing price increases in developed and general developed areas,and has no significant impact on housing price increases in other places.The new generation has a negative impact on housing prices in backward areas and a positive impact on housing prices in other areas.Looking further,using the ARIMA model to predict housing prices in the next 10 years,it is concluded that housing prices will show a slow upward trend in the next 10 years.Therefore,the government can ensure the stable development of the real estate market by revitalizing the second-hand housing market and implementing housing projects.

Economic Effect of Rural Labor Transfer in China

With the continuous development of China’s economy and the acceleration of urbanization,more and more rural labor force is gradually transferred to cities and non-agricultural industries.Although the transfer of rural labor force can increase farmers’income,improve farmers’quality of life,and accelerate the process of urbanization and agricultural modernization in China,the unreasonable transfer of rural labor force has also brought some problems to China’s agricultural development.This paper mainly through the method of combining theoretical derivation and empirical analysis,using the data from 2010 to 2015 to analyze,study the influence of rural labor transfer on agricultural production,explore the relationship between rural labor transfer and agricultural development and provide relevant policy suggestions.

Incorporating adaptive genomic variation into predictive models for invasion risk assessment

Global climate change is expected to accelerate biological invasions,necessitating accurate risk forecasting and management strategies.However,current invasion risk assessments often overlook adaptive genomic variation,which plays a significant role in the persistence and expansion of invasive populations.Here we used Molgula manhattensis,a highly invasive ascidian,as a model to assess its invasion risks along Chinese coasts under climate change.Through population genomics analyses,we identified two genetic clusters,the north and south clusters,based on geographic distributions.To predict invasion risks,we employed the gradient forest and species distribution models to calculate genomic offset and species habitat suitability,respectively.These approaches yielded distinct predictions:the gradient forest model suggested a greater genomic offset to future climatic conditions for the north cluster(i.e.,lower invasion risks),while the species distribution model indicated higher future habitat suitability for the same cluster(i.e,higher invasion risks).By integrating these models,we found that the south cluster exhibited minor genome-niche disruptions in the future,indicating higher invasion risks.Our study highlights the complementary roles of genomic offset and habitat suitability in assessing invasion risks under climate change.Moreover,incorporating adaptive genomic variation into predictive models can significantly enhance future invasion risk predictions and enable effective management strategies for biological invasions in the future.

IL-13/IL-13RA2 signaling promotes colorectal cancer stem cell tumorigenesis by inducing ubiquitinated degradation of p53

Cancer stem cells(CSCs)are considered tumor-initiating cells and the main drivers of disease progression.Targeting these rare cancer cells,however,remains challenging with respect to therapeutic benefit.Here,we report the up-regulation of IL-13RA2 expression in colorectal cancer(CRC)tissues and spheroid cells.The expression of IL-13RA2 was positively correlated with canonical stemness markers in CRC.We further demonstrated that the level of IL-13 was up-regulated in the serum of CRC patients.Biologically,recombinant IL-13(rIL13)stimulation promoted the sphere formation,proliferation,and migration of CRC cells in vitro and enhanced tumorigenesis in vivo.This phenotype could be reversed by knocking down IL-13RA2.Mechanistically,IL-13 activated autophagy by inducing LC3I/LC3II transformation in CRC-CSCs,which was crucial for the biological functions of IL-13.We further demonstrated that IL-13RA2 acted as a modular link of the E3 ligase UBE3C and the substrate p53 protein,enhancing the interaction of UBE3C and p53,thereby inducing the K48-linked ubiquitination of p53.In conclusion,the IL-13/IL-13RA2 signaling cascade promotes CRC-CSC self-renewal and tumorigenesis by inducing p53 ubiquitination,adding an important layer to the connection between IL-13 and p53,which can be translated into novel targeted therapies.

Incorporating physiological knowledge into correlative species distribution models minimizes bias introduced by the choice of calibration area

Correlative species distribution models(SDMs)are important tools to estimate species’geographic distribution across space and time,but their reliability heavily relies on the availability and quality of occurrence data.Estimations can be biased when occurrences do not fully represent the environmental requirement of a species.We tested to what extent species’physiological knowledge might influence SDM estimations.Focusing on the Japanese sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus within the coastal ocean of East Asia,we compiled a comprehensive dataset of occurrence records.We then explored the importance of incorporating physiological knowledge into SDMs by calibrating two types of correlative SDMs:a naïve model that solely depends on environmental correlates,and a physiologically informed model that further incorporates physiological information as priors.We further tested the models’sensitivity to calibration area choices by fitting them with different buffered areas around known presences.Compared with naïve models,the physiologically informed models successfully captured the negative influence of high temperature on A.japonicus and were less sensitive to the choice of calibration area.The naïve models resulted in more optimistic prediction of the changes of potential distributions under climate change(i.e.,larger range expansion and less contraction)than the physiologically informed models.Our findings highlight benefits from incorporating physiological information into correlative SDMs,namely mitigating the uncertainties associated with the choice of calibration area.Given these promising features,we encourage future SDM studies to consider species physi-ological information where available.

The genetic basis of the leafy seadragon's unique camouflage morphology and avenues for its efficient conservation derived from habitat modeling

The leafy seadragon certainly is among evolution’s most“beautiful and wonderful”species aptly named for its extraordinary camouflage mimicking its coastal seaweed habitat.However,limited information is known about the genetic basis of its phenotypes and conspicuous camouflage.Here,we revealed genomic signatures of rapid evolution and positive selection in core genes related to its camouflage,which allowed us to predict population dynamics for this species.Comparative genomic analysis revealed that seadragons have the smallest olfactory repertoires among all ray-finned fishes,suggesting adaptations to the highly specialized habitat.Other positively selected and rapidly evolving genes that serve in bone development and coloration are highly expressed in the leaf-like appendages,supporting a recent adaptive shift in camouflage appendage formation.Knock-out of bmp6 results in dysplastic intermuscular bones with a significantly reduced number in zebrafish,implying its important function in bone formation.Global climate change-induced loss of seagrass beds now severely threatens the continued existence of this enigmatic species.The leafy seadragon has a historically small population size likely due to its specific habitat requirements that further exacerbate its vulnerability to climate change.Therefore,taking climate change-induced range shifts into account while developing future protection strategies.

全腕关节合并尺桡远侧关节结核的外科治疗

本组共5例患者,均为男性,年龄38~52岁,平均(45±5)岁,均为体力劳动者,均为右利手,发病腕关节右侧4例,左侧1例。均有外伤史,其中3例有明确腕关节扭伤史,2例有外物击打史,伤后均有不同程度的腕关节肿痛,均未予系统治疗。晚期腕关节肿痛逐渐加重,并出现功能障碍前来就诊,病程9~22个月。

高技术产品进口能促进东道国经济增长吗?——基于OECD国家2006~2018年数据分析

随着贸易保护主义再度兴起,高技术产品进口环境复杂多变,研究高技术产品进口与经济增长的关系成为当前研究的重要问题。文章使用OECD中31个国家2006~2018年的面板数据,采用固定效应模型和2SLS方法研究高技术产品(货物和服务)进口对OECD国家经济增长的影响,结果发现:高技术产品进口促进经济增长且存在异质性;高技术货物进口有利于研发强度较高的东道国经济增长,高技术服务进口有助于研发强度较弱的东道国经济增长;高技术货物进口对经济发展水平较高的东道国经济增长促进作用要优于高技术服务进口。高技术产品进口主要通过人力资本效应和研发投入效应对东道国经济增长产生作用,且高技术货物进口主要通过高素质人力资本这一路径影响经济增长,而高技术服务进口主要通过研发投入效应影响经济增长。基于此,本文提出东道国应根据自身研发强度、经济发展水平等基本国情,选择有利于本国经济增长的高技术产品进口策略,以及调整高技术货物与服务进口比例关系等建议。

钱江源国家公园叶附生苔类植物的物种多样性

本文报道钱江源国家公园叶附生苔类植物4科9属19种,较之前记录增加3科8属17种。与钱江源处于同纬度的我国其他地区相比,钱江源叶附生苔类植物的种数仅次于西藏墨脱,排名第二。鳞叶疣鳞苔(Cololejeunea longifolia)和尖叶薄鳞苔(Leptolejeunea subacuta)是钱江源国家公园最常见的2种叶附生苔类植物。丰富的叶附生苔类植物表明钱江源国家公园具有较合适的叶附生苔类植物生长环境,这可能与该地区长期有效的保护密切相关。