Based on the COMSOL Multiphysics simulation software,this study carried out modeling and numerical simulation for the evaporation process of liquid metal lithium in the vacuum free molecular flow state.The motion of l...Based on the COMSOL Multiphysics simulation software,this study carried out modeling and numerical simulation for the evaporation process of liquid metal lithium in the vacuum free molecular flow state.The motion of lithium atoms in the evaporation process was analyzed through a succession of studies.Based on the available experimental values of the saturated vapor pressure of liquid metal lithium,the relationship between saturated vapor pressure and temperature of liquid lithium in the range of 600 K-900 K was obtained.A two-dimensional symmetric model(3.5 mm×20 mm) was established to simulate the transient evaporation process of liquid lithium at wall temperatures of 750 K,780 K,800 K,810 K,825 K,and 850 K,respectively.The effects of temperature,the evaporation coefficient,back pressure,and length-to-diameter ratio on the evaporation process were studied;the variation trends and reasons of the molecular flux and the pressure during the evaporation process were analyzed.At the same time,the evaporation process under variable wall temperature conditions was simulated.This research made the evaporation process of liquid lithium in vacuum molecular flow clearer,and provided theoretical support for the space reactor and nuclear fusion related fields.展开更多
The effect of the cooling water flow path on the flow and heat transfer in a double tube-pass condenser for a 660 MW power plant unit was numerically investigated based on a porous medium model. The results were used ...The effect of the cooling water flow path on the flow and heat transfer in a double tube-pass condenser for a 660 MW power plant unit was numerically investigated based on a porous medium model. The results were used to analyze the streamline, velocity, air mass fraction and heat transfer coefficient distributions. The simulations indicate that the cooling water flow path is important in large condensers. For the original tube arrangement, the heat transfer with the lower-upper cooling water flow path is better than that with the upper-lower cooling water flow path. The reason is that the steam cannot flow into the internal of upper tube bundle and the air fractions are higher in the upper tube bundle with the upper-lower cooling water flow path. An improvement tube arrangement was developed for the upper-lower cooling water flow path which reduced the back pressure by 0.47 kPa compared to the original scheme. Thus, the results show that the tube arrangements should differ for different cooling water flow paths and the condenser heat transfer can be improved for the upper-lower cooling water flow path by modifying the tube arrangement.展开更多
基金financial support extended by the Beijing Natural Science Foundation (No.3192035)National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.51706068, NO.52376054)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (No.2020MS034) is gratefully acknowledgement。
文摘Based on the COMSOL Multiphysics simulation software,this study carried out modeling and numerical simulation for the evaporation process of liquid metal lithium in the vacuum free molecular flow state.The motion of lithium atoms in the evaporation process was analyzed through a succession of studies.Based on the available experimental values of the saturated vapor pressure of liquid metal lithium,the relationship between saturated vapor pressure and temperature of liquid lithium in the range of 600 K-900 K was obtained.A two-dimensional symmetric model(3.5 mm×20 mm) was established to simulate the transient evaporation process of liquid lithium at wall temperatures of 750 K,780 K,800 K,810 K,825 K,and 850 K,respectively.The effects of temperature,the evaporation coefficient,back pressure,and length-to-diameter ratio on the evaporation process were studied;the variation trends and reasons of the molecular flux and the pressure during the evaporation process were analyzed.At the same time,the evaporation process under variable wall temperature conditions was simulated.This research made the evaporation process of liquid lithium in vacuum molecular flow clearer,and provided theoretical support for the space reactor and nuclear fusion related fields.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No: 51506061 and 51706068)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (Grant No: 2017MS039)
文摘The effect of the cooling water flow path on the flow and heat transfer in a double tube-pass condenser for a 660 MW power plant unit was numerically investigated based on a porous medium model. The results were used to analyze the streamline, velocity, air mass fraction and heat transfer coefficient distributions. The simulations indicate that the cooling water flow path is important in large condensers. For the original tube arrangement, the heat transfer with the lower-upper cooling water flow path is better than that with the upper-lower cooling water flow path. The reason is that the steam cannot flow into the internal of upper tube bundle and the air fractions are higher in the upper tube bundle with the upper-lower cooling water flow path. An improvement tube arrangement was developed for the upper-lower cooling water flow path which reduced the back pressure by 0.47 kPa compared to the original scheme. Thus, the results show that the tube arrangements should differ for different cooling water flow paths and the condenser heat transfer can be improved for the upper-lower cooling water flow path by modifying the tube arrangement.
