Grassland is the important component of the terrestrial ecosystems. Estimating net primary productivity (NPP) of grassland ecosystem has been a central focus in global climate change researches. To simulate the gras...Grassland is the important component of the terrestrial ecosystems. Estimating net primary productivity (NPP) of grassland ecosystem has been a central focus in global climate change researches. To simulate the grassland NPP in southern China, we built a new climate productivity model, and validated the model with the measured data from different years in the past. The results showed that there was a logarithmic correlation between the grassland NPP and the mean annual temperature, and there was a linear positive correlation between the grassland NPP and the annual precipitation in southern China. Al these results reached a very signiifcant level (P〈0.01). There was a good correlation between the simulated and the measured NPP, withR2 of 0.8027, reaching the very signiifcant level. Meanwhile, both root mean square errors (RMSE) and relative root-mean-square errors (RRMSE) stayed at a relatively low level, showing that the simulation results of the model were reliable. The NPP values in the study area had a decreasing trend from east to west and from south to north, and the mean NPP was 471.62 g C m?2 from 2000 to 2011. Additionaly, there was a rising trend year by year for the mean annual NPP of southern grassland and the tilt rate of the mean annual NPP was 3.49 g C m?2 yr?1 in recent 12 years. The above results provided a new method for grassland NPP estimation in southern China.展开更多
目的探究七氟烷吸入麻醉对小儿全麻患者的苏醒质量及术后躁动的影响。方法选取2016年4月至2017年4月在福建医科大学附属龙岩第一医院进行外科手术的60例患儿,采用随机数表法将其分为观察组和对照组,每组30例,观察组采用七氟烷吸入麻醉,...目的探究七氟烷吸入麻醉对小儿全麻患者的苏醒质量及术后躁动的影响。方法选取2016年4月至2017年4月在福建医科大学附属龙岩第一医院进行外科手术的60例患儿,采用随机数表法将其分为观察组和对照组,每组30例,观察组采用七氟烷吸入麻醉,对照组采用静脉麻醉。比较两组患儿不同时间的心率(HR)、平均动脉压(MAP)和血氧饱和度(SpO2)的变化;比较两组患儿的意识消失时间、插管时间和苏醒时间;比较两组患儿术后Riker镇静-躁动评分、镇静(Rameasy)评分和术后躁动的发生情况,以及麻醉过程中不良事件的发生情况。结果观察组与对照组患儿的意识消失时间[(1.76±0.24) min vs (2.42±0.31) min]、插管时间[(2.71±1.24) min vs (3.53±1.48) min]和苏醒时间[(5.64±1.95) min vs (7.73±1.68) min]比较,观察组明显低于对照组,自主呼吸恢复时间[(5.42±1.24) min vs (3.51±0.76) min]比较,观察组明显高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组和对照组患儿睫毛反射消失时[(103.31±9.42)次/min vs (112.54±8.76)次/min]、手术开始时[(109.24±13.23)次/min vs (118.43±16.28)次/min]、手术开始10 min [(111.92±15.14)次/min vs (119.97±14.93)次/min]和手术结束时[(117.62±12.84)次/min vs (126.43±11.58)次/min]的HR值比较,观察组明显低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组和对照组患儿睫毛反射消失时[(87.76±21.35) mmHg vs (98.54±18.32) mmHg]、手术开始时[(93.52±22.41) mmHg vs (106.73±24.95) mmHg]、手术开始10 min [(96.64±21.58) mmHg vs (109.43±25.38) mmHg]和手术结束时[(97.12±21.42) mmHg vs (109.84±26.27) mmHg]的MAP值比较,观察组明显低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组和对照组患儿的Riker镇静-躁动评分[(4.25±0.54)分vs (4.37±0.37)分]比较,观察组略低于对照组;Rameasy评分[(3.02±0.76)分vs (2.87±0.54)分],术后躁动发生率(33.3%vs 23.3%)比较,观察组均略高于对照组,但差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);观察组与对照组患儿的不良事件的发生率(13.33%vs 36.67%)比较,观察组明显低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论七氟烷吸入麻醉的诱导时间短,麻醉迅速、稳定,苏醒时间短,但术后苏醒期躁动的发生率较高,因此在临床中应在综合考虑患儿的实际情况后选择使用。展开更多
To study the performance of various error-control coding schemes,exact expressions and upper bounds on the pairwise codeword error probability(PEP)for several modulation schemes(OOK,SC-BPSK,BPPM)used in atmospheric op...To study the performance of various error-control coding schemes,exact expressions and upper bounds on the pairwise codeword error probability(PEP)for several modulation schemes(OOK,SC-BPSK,BPPM)used in atmospheric optical communication systems are derived.To simplify the computation,this research was under the assumption of weak turbulence.Moreover,by simulation of expressions,the performances of PEP in different modulation schemes are compared and the best one of them is given.展开更多
基金funded by the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, China (PAPD)the Science and Technology Innovation Project Fund of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (2015)
文摘Grassland is the important component of the terrestrial ecosystems. Estimating net primary productivity (NPP) of grassland ecosystem has been a central focus in global climate change researches. To simulate the grassland NPP in southern China, we built a new climate productivity model, and validated the model with the measured data from different years in the past. The results showed that there was a logarithmic correlation between the grassland NPP and the mean annual temperature, and there was a linear positive correlation between the grassland NPP and the annual precipitation in southern China. Al these results reached a very signiifcant level (P〈0.01). There was a good correlation between the simulated and the measured NPP, withR2 of 0.8027, reaching the very signiifcant level. Meanwhile, both root mean square errors (RMSE) and relative root-mean-square errors (RRMSE) stayed at a relatively low level, showing that the simulation results of the model were reliable. The NPP values in the study area had a decreasing trend from east to west and from south to north, and the mean NPP was 471.62 g C m?2 from 2000 to 2011. Additionaly, there was a rising trend year by year for the mean annual NPP of southern grassland and the tilt rate of the mean annual NPP was 3.49 g C m?2 yr?1 in recent 12 years. The above results provided a new method for grassland NPP estimation in southern China.
文摘目的探究七氟烷吸入麻醉对小儿全麻患者的苏醒质量及术后躁动的影响。方法选取2016年4月至2017年4月在福建医科大学附属龙岩第一医院进行外科手术的60例患儿,采用随机数表法将其分为观察组和对照组,每组30例,观察组采用七氟烷吸入麻醉,对照组采用静脉麻醉。比较两组患儿不同时间的心率(HR)、平均动脉压(MAP)和血氧饱和度(SpO2)的变化;比较两组患儿的意识消失时间、插管时间和苏醒时间;比较两组患儿术后Riker镇静-躁动评分、镇静(Rameasy)评分和术后躁动的发生情况,以及麻醉过程中不良事件的发生情况。结果观察组与对照组患儿的意识消失时间[(1.76±0.24) min vs (2.42±0.31) min]、插管时间[(2.71±1.24) min vs (3.53±1.48) min]和苏醒时间[(5.64±1.95) min vs (7.73±1.68) min]比较,观察组明显低于对照组,自主呼吸恢复时间[(5.42±1.24) min vs (3.51±0.76) min]比较,观察组明显高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组和对照组患儿睫毛反射消失时[(103.31±9.42)次/min vs (112.54±8.76)次/min]、手术开始时[(109.24±13.23)次/min vs (118.43±16.28)次/min]、手术开始10 min [(111.92±15.14)次/min vs (119.97±14.93)次/min]和手术结束时[(117.62±12.84)次/min vs (126.43±11.58)次/min]的HR值比较,观察组明显低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组和对照组患儿睫毛反射消失时[(87.76±21.35) mmHg vs (98.54±18.32) mmHg]、手术开始时[(93.52±22.41) mmHg vs (106.73±24.95) mmHg]、手术开始10 min [(96.64±21.58) mmHg vs (109.43±25.38) mmHg]和手术结束时[(97.12±21.42) mmHg vs (109.84±26.27) mmHg]的MAP值比较,观察组明显低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组和对照组患儿的Riker镇静-躁动评分[(4.25±0.54)分vs (4.37±0.37)分]比较,观察组略低于对照组;Rameasy评分[(3.02±0.76)分vs (2.87±0.54)分],术后躁动发生率(33.3%vs 23.3%)比较,观察组均略高于对照组,但差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);观察组与对照组患儿的不良事件的发生率(13.33%vs 36.67%)比较,观察组明显低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论七氟烷吸入麻醉的诱导时间短,麻醉迅速、稳定,苏醒时间短,但术后苏醒期躁动的发生率较高,因此在临床中应在综合考虑患儿的实际情况后选择使用。
文摘To study the performance of various error-control coding schemes,exact expressions and upper bounds on the pairwise codeword error probability(PEP)for several modulation schemes(OOK,SC-BPSK,BPPM)used in atmospheric optical communication systems are derived.To simplify the computation,this research was under the assumption of weak turbulence.Moreover,by simulation of expressions,the performances of PEP in different modulation schemes are compared and the best one of them is given.