CaF2-Al2O3-MgO电渣微结构的原位拉曼光谱及27Al魔角旋转核磁共振研究

运用原位拉曼光谱和27Al魔角旋转核磁共振研究了CaF2-Al2O3-MgO电渣重熔渣晶体、玻璃和熔体的微结构及铝配位数的变化.利用X射线粉末衍射分析获得该晶体样品中存在的物相,分别基于密度泛函理论及量子化学从头算分析了S-6530晶体和熔体中相关物相的拉曼振动波数及散射活性,并对其主要振动模式进行了归属.结果表明,S-6530晶体中铝主要以六配位形式存在,并有少量的四、五配位.在升温过程中,其中MgAl2O4物相的Al-O多面体由[AlO6]转变成[AlO4]与[AlO5]共存.Al在熔体和玻璃结构中主要以[AlO4]四面体的形式存在,其占比高达71.1%,相较于其晶态,[AlO5]的占比也增加至28.6%.基于构建的熔体团簇模型的量子化学从头算表明,[AlO4]构型倾向于以Q3,Q4连接方式为主的层状和架状结构,而[AlO5]构型则倾向于单体形式.

Microstructural changes during heating of super duplex stainless steel and its thermal deformation behavior

Microstructural changes during heating of highly alloyed Cr26Ni7 type super duplex stainless steel( SDSS2607) and its thermal deformation behavior were investigated. At different heating rates,the mechanism of phase transition from γ phase to δ phase and grow th modes of δ phase differed. Variations in microstructures for ascast SDSS2607 during heat preservation at 1 220 ℃ indicated two kinds of transformations from γ phase to δ phase.In-situ observations of microstructural changes during the tensile process at 1 050 ℃ showed a mutual coordination betw een γ and δ phases. When the true strain increased,the mutual coordination between γ and δ phases was damaged. Subsequently,cracks nucleated at the γ/δ interface. With the increase in temperature,the strength of ascast SDSS2607 decreased while its plasticity increased. Its thermoplasticity was poor,and the reduction in area of tensile specimens was less than 80%. When the deformation strain of hot compression increased,the stable deformation zone in the heat processing maps enlarged gradually. Moreover,the unstable deformation zones were extended.

Microstructure and forming characteristics of spray-formed M42 high speed steel

M42 high speed steel(HSS),a high grade alloy,was produced using the spray forming technology.Optical metallography(OM),X-ray diffraction(XRD) and scanning electron microscope(SEM) were used to investigate the microstructures of the as-sprayed M42 HSS and the as-atomized powders.It is found that as-sprayed M42 HSS is composed of martensite,retained austenite and carbides.The grain size,as well as the morphology,size and distribution of the carbides have been greatly improved compared with those of the as-cast M42 steel(a traditional process).The size of the powder obtained at a high cold speed was ranged from 50 μm to 100 μm in diameter.Its representative microstructures include dendrite,dendritic fragments,a mixture of dendrites,equiaxed grains and dendritic fragments,and equiaxed grains.The rapid solidification in the spray forming is a key factor to cause the refinement of the M42 HSS.

Microstructure characteristics of spray-formed high vanadium and cobalt high speed steel

The microstructure of high vanadium and cobalt high speed steel(high-V/Co HSS) and the morphology of its carbides were analyzed by optical microscope(OM),scanning electron microscope(SEM),electron probe microanalysis(EPMA),X-ray power diffraction(XRD),atomic force microscopy(AFM) and single phase erosion(SPE).The results suggest that the as-sprayed high-V/Co HSS has fine equiaxed grains(about 20 μm in size),which were homogeneously distributed.The carbides have two classical morphologies:one is fine particles(about 2 μm in size) distributed along the grain boundaries and the other is needle-like one,distributed on the grain boundaries.There are MC carbides,M2C carbides,M6C carbides and Cr2WC2 carbides in the as-sprayed high-V/Co HSS samples,however,in the as-cast high-V/Co HSS,there are MC carbides and Cr2WC2 carbides only.The SPE results show that there are two types of MC carbides in the as-sprayed HSS:the sphere one and the particle-like one.The former is about 2 μm in size and the latter is less than 1 μm,dispersed inside the grains,quite different from the MC carbides in the as-cast HSS.According to the AFM results,the skeleton-like M6C carbides of the as-sprayed high-V/Co HSS are embedded in the matrix along the grain boundaries.It is found that there are sharp membrane pieces on the carbides.Some small bamboo-shoot-like MC carbides grow from the matrix and are dispersed inside the grain.Those larger MC carbides are spherical particles embedded at the grain boundary junctions.

Research on the properties and microstructures of 27Cr-7Ni-4Mo super duplex stainless steel

In this study,metallographic analysis and nanoindentation characterization were used to analyze the properties and microstructures of as-cast nitrogen alloyed 27Cr-7Ni-4Mo super duplex stainless steel(super-DSS).The as-cast microstructure of the super-DSS was characterized by its ferrite and island-like austenite phases.During the solution annealing process,the austenite volume percentage of the steel decreased gradually with increased annealing temperature.As a main element,the chromium content in the ferritic and austenitic phases elevated slightly at first then decreased with increased annealing temperature.The chromium partition coefficient in the steel varied by around 1.0.The contents of nickel,another main alloy element,also increased in the ferritic and austenitic phases with increased annealing temperature,as did the nickel partition coefficient in the steel,which tended to be close to 1.0.The nanoindentation characterization results indicate that the hardness of the austenite phase is slightly greater than that of the ferrite phase.They were similar to each other within a certain temperature range from1 050 ℃ to 1 100 ℃.This temperature range was consistent with the temperature range in which the content ratio of the two phases was close to 1∶ 1.We found the Young's modulus of the ferrite phase to be greater than that of the austenite phase.With increased annealing temperature,the Young 's modulus of the ferrite phase decreased while that of the austenite phase remained almost unchanged.