本文采用二代高通量测序技术研究北京、河北、内蒙古、天津四地区不同季节原料乳样品中的细菌多样性并对其进行功能预测。收集四地区不同季节原料乳样品23份,提取基因组DNA后使用Illumina Mi Seq测序平台对细菌16S rRNA的V3-V4"可...本文采用二代高通量测序技术研究北京、河北、内蒙古、天津四地区不同季节原料乳样品中的细菌多样性并对其进行功能预测。收集四地区不同季节原料乳样品23份,提取基因组DNA后使用Illumina Mi Seq测序平台对细菌16S rRNA的V3-V4"可变区"进行测序,结合数据库对原料乳中微生物群落分布、相对丰度和细菌功能基因代谢途径进行分析。原料乳中的细菌可分为33门732属,其中变形菌门(Proteobacteria),厚壁菌门(Firmicutes),拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes)和放线菌门(Actinobacteria)为主要菌门,平均相对丰度占微生物总数的99.37%。优势菌属为假单胞菌属(Pseudomonas)和不动杆菌属(Acinetobacter),平均相对丰度之和为60.55%。不同地区、不同季节原料乳微生物群落的结构组成和相对丰度存在差异,且假单胞菌属和气单胞菌属的相对丰度在不同季节原料乳中存在显著性差异(p<0.05)。氨基酸代谢、碳水化合物代谢和膜运输为原料乳细菌主要的代谢途径。展开更多
Wave forces acting on a vertical cylinder at different locations on a slope beach in the near-shore region are investigated considering solitary waves as incoming waves.Based on the Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes equ...Wave forces acting on a vertical cylinder at different locations on a slope beach in the near-shore region are investigated considering solitary waves as incoming waves.Based on the Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes equations and the k-ε turbulence model,wave forces due to the interaction between the solitary wave and cylinder are simulated and analyzed with different incident wave heights and cylinder locations.The numerical results are first compared with previous theoretical and experimental results to validate the model accuracy.Then,the wave forces and characteristics around the cylinder are studied,including the velocity field,wave surface elevation and pressure.The effects of relative wave height,Keulegan-Carpenter(KC)number and cylinder locations on the wave forces are also discussed.The results show that the wave forces exerted on a cylinder exponentially increase with the increasing incident wave height and KC number.Before the wave force peaks,the growth rate of the wave force shows an increasing trend as the cylinder moves onshore.The cylinder location has a notable effect on the wave force on the cylinder in the near-shore region.As the cylinder moves onshore,the wave force on the cylinder initially increases and then decreases.For the cases considered here,the maximum wave force appears when the cylinder is located one cylinder diameter below the still-water shoreline.Furthermore,the fluid velocity peaks when the maximum wave force appears at the same location.展开更多
文摘本文采用二代高通量测序技术研究北京、河北、内蒙古、天津四地区不同季节原料乳样品中的细菌多样性并对其进行功能预测。收集四地区不同季节原料乳样品23份,提取基因组DNA后使用Illumina Mi Seq测序平台对细菌16S rRNA的V3-V4"可变区"进行测序,结合数据库对原料乳中微生物群落分布、相对丰度和细菌功能基因代谢途径进行分析。原料乳中的细菌可分为33门732属,其中变形菌门(Proteobacteria),厚壁菌门(Firmicutes),拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes)和放线菌门(Actinobacteria)为主要菌门,平均相对丰度占微生物总数的99.37%。优势菌属为假单胞菌属(Pseudomonas)和不动杆菌属(Acinetobacter),平均相对丰度之和为60.55%。不同地区、不同季节原料乳微生物群落的结构组成和相对丰度存在差异,且假单胞菌属和气单胞菌属的相对丰度在不同季节原料乳中存在显著性差异(p<0.05)。氨基酸代谢、碳水化合物代谢和膜运输为原料乳细菌主要的代谢途径。
基金financially supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.2017YFC1404202)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.11572332)the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant Nos.XDB22040203 and XDA22000000)。
文摘Wave forces acting on a vertical cylinder at different locations on a slope beach in the near-shore region are investigated considering solitary waves as incoming waves.Based on the Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes equations and the k-ε turbulence model,wave forces due to the interaction between the solitary wave and cylinder are simulated and analyzed with different incident wave heights and cylinder locations.The numerical results are first compared with previous theoretical and experimental results to validate the model accuracy.Then,the wave forces and characteristics around the cylinder are studied,including the velocity field,wave surface elevation and pressure.The effects of relative wave height,Keulegan-Carpenter(KC)number and cylinder locations on the wave forces are also discussed.The results show that the wave forces exerted on a cylinder exponentially increase with the increasing incident wave height and KC number.Before the wave force peaks,the growth rate of the wave force shows an increasing trend as the cylinder moves onshore.The cylinder location has a notable effect on the wave force on the cylinder in the near-shore region.As the cylinder moves onshore,the wave force on the cylinder initially increases and then decreases.For the cases considered here,the maximum wave force appears when the cylinder is located one cylinder diameter below the still-water shoreline.Furthermore,the fluid velocity peaks when the maximum wave force appears at the same location.
