利用自动气象站逐小时观测资料、实时探空观测资料及NCEP/NCAR(National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research)的1°×1°再分析资料,对2016年8月23—24日新疆维吾尔自治区巴...利用自动气象站逐小时观测资料、实时探空观测资料及NCEP/NCAR(National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research)的1°×1°再分析资料,对2016年8月23—24日新疆维吾尔自治区巴州库尔勒地区一次罕见的短时强降水过程主要的环流系统、水汽输送、动力及湿位涡与垂直螺旋度的变化特征进行了诊断分析。结果表明:此次短时强降水天气过程发生在东部型南亚高压显著增强和西西伯利亚至巴尔喀什湖的长波槽缓慢东移的环流背景下,低层风向风速迅速辐合为此次短时强降水过程的发生提供了水汽和动力条件。此次强降水过程的水汽来源主要包括3个部分:乌拉尔山脊前偏北风引导冷空气南下与西风气流汇合于南疆西部地区的西路水汽输送、青藏高原西南侧低涡前部西南气流引导的西南路水汽输送及西太平洋副热带高压引导的偏南水汽输送,其中94.26%的水汽来源于偏西与偏南气流。短时强降水过程发生前期,暴雨区上空左右两侧形成的中尺度环流圈是此次短时强降水过程发生的主要动力机制;垂直螺旋度的发展演变与强降水密切联系,当高层负的垂直螺旋度与低层正的垂直螺旋度配置耦合时,有利于短时强降水的发生。短时强降水过程发生在θ_(se)线密集且陡立的区域内,高层高值MPV1的下传触发了位势不稳定能量的释放,促进了强降水的产生。展开更多
Background Fibroblast growth factor 9 （FGF9）, expressed in brain, kidney and developing skeletal tissues, can physiologically inhibit endochondral ossification; but little is known about how FGF9 affects osteoblasts...Background Fibroblast growth factor 9 （FGF9）, expressed in brain, kidney and developing skeletal tissues, can physiologically inhibit endochondral ossification; but little is known about how FGF9 affects osteoblasts and its detailed regulatory mechanism. Here we examined the effect of FGF9 on the activity of the murine Runt-related transcription factor2 （Runx2） gene promoter in preosteoblast MC3T3-E1 and premyoblast C2C12 cells. Methods Plasmids containing the Runx2 promoter region were transfected into MC3T3-E1 and C2C12 cells and stably transfected cell lines were established. The method of luciferase reporter gene activation was used to examine the effects of FGF9 on the promoter activity. Results FGF9 （10 ng/ml） increased Runx2 promoter activity in MC3T3-E1 cells. When MC3T3-E1 cells were treated with FGF9 plus the various inhibitors or activator of the intracellular signaling transducation pathways, including 10 μmol/L U0126 （the inhibitor of mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase）, 10 pmol/L SB203580 （the inhibitor of p38/mitogen activated protein kinase）, or 1 pmol/L C6 ceramide （an activator of mitogen activated protein kinase）, the luciferase expression did not change significantly compared with that of the cells treated with FGF9 only. However, when C2C12 cells were treated with 10 ng/ml FGF9, Runx2. gene promoter activity first decreased and then increased over a period of 1 to 5 days. Among the above inhibitors, only U0126 （10 μmol/L） completely blocked the effects of FGF9 on Runx2 gene promoter activity. Conclusions Our data showed that FGF9 can affect Runx2 gene promoter activity in MC3T3-E1 and C2C12 cells. The action of FGF9 appears to depend partly on the mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase/mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways in C2C12 cells.展开更多
文摘利用自动气象站逐小时观测资料、实时探空观测资料及NCEP/NCAR(National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research)的1°×1°再分析资料,对2016年8月23—24日新疆维吾尔自治区巴州库尔勒地区一次罕见的短时强降水过程主要的环流系统、水汽输送、动力及湿位涡与垂直螺旋度的变化特征进行了诊断分析。结果表明:此次短时强降水天气过程发生在东部型南亚高压显著增强和西西伯利亚至巴尔喀什湖的长波槽缓慢东移的环流背景下,低层风向风速迅速辐合为此次短时强降水过程的发生提供了水汽和动力条件。此次强降水过程的水汽来源主要包括3个部分:乌拉尔山脊前偏北风引导冷空气南下与西风气流汇合于南疆西部地区的西路水汽输送、青藏高原西南侧低涡前部西南气流引导的西南路水汽输送及西太平洋副热带高压引导的偏南水汽输送,其中94.26%的水汽来源于偏西与偏南气流。短时强降水过程发生前期,暴雨区上空左右两侧形成的中尺度环流圈是此次短时强降水过程发生的主要动力机制;垂直螺旋度的发展演变与强降水密切联系,当高层负的垂直螺旋度与低层正的垂直螺旋度配置耦合时,有利于短时强降水的发生。短时强降水过程发生在θ_(se)线密集且陡立的区域内,高层高值MPV1的下传触发了位势不稳定能量的释放,促进了强降水的产生。
文摘Background Fibroblast growth factor 9 （FGF9）, expressed in brain, kidney and developing skeletal tissues, can physiologically inhibit endochondral ossification; but little is known about how FGF9 affects osteoblasts and its detailed regulatory mechanism. Here we examined the effect of FGF9 on the activity of the murine Runt-related transcription factor2 （Runx2） gene promoter in preosteoblast MC3T3-E1 and premyoblast C2C12 cells. Methods Plasmids containing the Runx2 promoter region were transfected into MC3T3-E1 and C2C12 cells and stably transfected cell lines were established. The method of luciferase reporter gene activation was used to examine the effects of FGF9 on the promoter activity. Results FGF9 （10 ng/ml） increased Runx2 promoter activity in MC3T3-E1 cells. When MC3T3-E1 cells were treated with FGF9 plus the various inhibitors or activator of the intracellular signaling transducation pathways, including 10 μmol/L U0126 （the inhibitor of mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase）, 10 pmol/L SB203580 （the inhibitor of p38/mitogen activated protein kinase）, or 1 pmol/L C6 ceramide （an activator of mitogen activated protein kinase）, the luciferase expression did not change significantly compared with that of the cells treated with FGF9 only. However, when C2C12 cells were treated with 10 ng/ml FGF9, Runx2. gene promoter activity first decreased and then increased over a period of 1 to 5 days. Among the above inhibitors, only U0126 （10 μmol/L） completely blocked the effects of FGF9 on Runx2 gene promoter activity. Conclusions Our data showed that FGF9 can affect Runx2 gene promoter activity in MC3T3-E1 and C2C12 cells. The action of FGF9 appears to depend partly on the mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase/mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways in C2C12 cells.
