授权健康教育对维持性血液透析患者自我效能及自我管理的影响

目的探讨授权健康教育对维持性血液透析(MHD)患者自我效能及自我管理能力的提高。方法采用方便样本选取78例维持性血液透析患者作为研究对象,随机分为观察组和对照组各39例。对照组给予常规健康指导,观察组实施为期3个月的授权健康教育,包括明确目的、表达情感、制定目标、评价反馈,利用专业量表比较2组患者疾病相关知识、自我效能、自我管理能力。结果采用授权健康教育3个月后,观察组患者血液透析相关知识总分为(21.12±0.59)分,高于对照组(18.12±0.55)及干预前(16.81±0.33);自我效能量表中"对控制症状或健康问题的信心"、"对采取自我保健行为的信心"问题的评分分别为(8.34±2.11)分、(7.81±2.55)分,均高于对照组[(6.50±3.09)分、(6.58±2.11)分];自我管理的总评分为(61.21±3.00)分,高于对照组(54.59±4.37)和干预前(55.46±3.63);以上差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论授权健康教育不仅可提高维持性血液透析患者的相关知识水平,对其应对疾病和治疗的自我效能、自我管理能力亦有所帮助,值得临床广泛推广和应用。

Microwave Irradiation Promoted Synthesis of Aryloxy Acetic Acids

Several aryloxy acetic acids were synthesized under microwave irradiation. The factors, which affect the reaction, were investigated and optimized. It was revealed that the best yields(92.7%—97.4%) were obtained when the molar ratio of the reactants was n(ArOH)∶n(NaOH)∶n(ClCH 2CO 2H) =1∶2.5∶1.2 with microwave irradiation power of 640 W for 65—85 s.