早熟高产小麦品种川麦1247的灌浆特性和功能基因研究

【目的】研究早熟小麦品种川麦1247的灌浆特性和功能基因,为今后四川盆地早熟高产小麦新品种的选育提供参考。【方法】以四川盆地目前推广种植的早、中、晚3种熟性的高产小麦品种为材料,用Logistic方程对籽粒灌浆过程进行拟合,推导出一系列灌浆参数,通过相关分析对籽粒灌浆参数与粒重的关系进行探讨,并利用小麦50K SNP基因芯片对川麦1247的功能基因进行检测。【结果】川麦1247全生育期较四川大面积推广中熟品种提早4~5 d,较晚熟品种提早7 d。与其他品种相比,川麦1247的抽穗期较早,灌浆持续时间较短,且平均灌浆速率较高。从灌浆3个阶段来看,川麦1247的灌浆快增期、缓增期持续时间较短,而灌浆渐增期、缓增期的灌浆速率较高。从不同熟性小麦品种籽粒灌浆速率变化动态来看,早熟品种能持续保持较快的灌浆速度,且灌浆高峰的峰值高。利用50K SNP基因芯片对川麦1247的功能基因进行分型表明,川麦1247含光周期基因Ppd-D1a、春化基因vrn-A1、Vrn-D1a以及正向控制千粒重基因(TaSus2-2A、TaGASR-7A、TaGW2-6B、TaSus1-7B、TaGS1a和TaGS-D1a)的聚合效应可能是川麦1247在早熟、高产性状上表现优良的重要原因。【结论】川麦1247灌浆速率高,可以弥补灌浆期缩短的不利影响,同时还聚合早熟、高产相关优异功能基因资源。因此,川麦1247在当前生产上和早熟小麦育种中均具有较高的利用价值。

糯大麦酿制小曲清香型白酒特性研究

采用3个不同类型的糯大麦品种(二棱裸粒糯大麦、二棱皮粒糯大麦、多棱裸粒糯大麦),通过实验室模拟川法小曲酒生产工艺以及酒厂生产试验,与四川酿酒生产中常见谷物原料糯高粱、粳高粱、稻谷、普通青稞相比较,研究糯大麦酿制白酒的特性。结果表明,糯大麦比稻谷、粳高粱和糯高粱吸水快,饱和含水量高,蒸粮时间短,节能约50%,出酒率高,酒质和口感具有本作物酿酒风味特点;糯大麦与非糯性普通青稞酿酒品质相当,但出酒率以及酒中的总酸和总酯含量较高。糯大麦是适合生产清香型小曲酒和青稞白酒的一种新型酿酒原料。

中国北方温带草原区土壤容重分层数据重建与空间格局分析

中国北方温带草原区因其地域跨度较大,地理条件复杂,土壤容重空间格局和分层数据情况仍不清楚。基于此,本研究利用中国北方温带草原区土壤容重调查实测数据,对北方温带草原地区表层土壤容重构建土壤传递函数,进行土壤垂直剖面分层容重数据重建与水平空间的土壤容重数据估算。结果表明:中国北方温带草原区土壤容重在空间上呈现中部和西北部高,东部和山区低的现象,草地平均土壤容重为1.50 g·cm-3。按地理区域划分,土壤容重最高为南疆盆地,平均为1.99 g·cm-3,阿勒泰山区土壤容重最低,平均为1.03 g·cm-3。按照草地类型统计,高寒草甸类土壤容重最低,平均为0.76 g·cm-3;温性荒漠类土壤容重最高,平均为1.80 g·cm-3。北方温带草原区草地表层(0~10 cm)土壤容重的平均预测误差、均方根误差、相对误差和复相关系数分别为0.018、0.223、16.2%和0.5386。

带有时变输出约束的机械臂自适应轨迹跟踪控制

针对带有输出约束和动力学模型参数未知的机械臂系统,提出一种基于时变tan型障碍李雅普诺夫函数的自适应控制方法.首先,通过设置时变约束边界,给出了一个时变tan型障碍李雅普诺夫函数,保证系统在初始误差较大情况下的瞬态性能和稳态性能,拓展了传统对数型障碍李雅普诺夫函数的适用范围.其次,为了处理机械臂动力学模型的不确定性,采用径向基神经网络(RBFNN)拟合未知的动力学模型,设计了基于RBFNN的自适应控制器,在满足约束的情况下提高了系统的鲁棒性.最后,通过二自由度机械臂轨迹跟踪的仿真,验证了所提方法的控制性能优于传统的PD控制器.

Mapping of Quantitative Trait Loci for Adult Plant Resistance to Stripe Rust in German Wheat Cultivar Ibis

The German wheat cultivar Ibis has excellent adult plant resistance（APR） to stripe rust in Gansu,a hotspot for stripe rust in China.To elucidate the genetic basis of APR to stripe rust in Ibis,237 F3 lines derived from the cross Ibis/Huixianhong were evaluated at Tianshui,Gansu,in the 2008-2009 and 2009-2010 cropping seasons,and at Chengdu,Sichuan Province,China,in the 2009-2010 cropping season.Inoculations were conducted with a mixture of several prevalent Pst races in both locations.Maximum disease severity（MDS） data showed a continuous distribution of response,indicating quantitative nature of resistance to stripe rust in Ibis.The broad-sense heritability of MDS was 0.75 based on the mean values averaged across three environments.A total of 723 simple sequence repeat（SSR） markers were used to map the QTL for APR by inclusive composite interval mapping（ICIM）.QTLs mapping to chromosomes 2BS and 6BS,designated as QYr.caas-2BS.1 and QYr.caas-6BS.1,respectively,explained 4.1-40.7% of the phenotypic variance in MDS across environments.The major effect QTL QYr.caas-2BS.1,flanked by Xgwm148 and Xwmc360,was consistently detected at all three sites as well as the averaged data over three environments,accounting for 40.7,24.2,5.2 and 29.9% of phenotypic variance,respectively.The molecular markers closely linked to this QTL have potential for use in marker-assisted selection and gene pyramiding to improve the durability of stripe rust resistance in wheat breeding.

青稞新品种康青11号的选育及栽培技术

康青11号(原代号160505)为甘孜藏族自治州农业科学研究所和四川省农业科学院作物研究所以甘孜黑六棱为母本、康青3号为父本进行杂交,并经系谱法选育的裸大麦新品种。该品种于2021年1月通过中华人民共和国农业农村部非主要农作物品种登记审核,登记编号:GPD大麦(青稞)(2020)510058。该品种具有丰产性好、品质优、籽粒紫色等优点,适宜在四川省甘孜藏族自治州及类似地区春播种植。

QTL Mapping for Adult-Plant Resistance to Stripe Rust in a Common Wheat RIL Population Derived from Chuanmai 32/Chuanyu 12

Stripe rust, caused by Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici, is a devastating wheat disease worldwide. The Chinese wheat cultivar Chuanmai 32 has shown stable resistance to stripe rust for 10 yr in Sichuan Province, a hotspot for stripe rust epidemics. The objective of the present study was to map quantitative trait loci （QTL） for adult-plant resistance （APR） to stripe rust in a population of 140 recombinant inbred lines （RILs） derived from Chuanmai 32/Chuanyu 12. Field trials were conducted in Chengdu and Yaan, Sichuan, from 2005 to 2008, providing stripe rust reaction data for 6 environments. 797 simple sequence repeat （SSR） markers were screened for association with stripe rust reaction, initially through bulked segregant analysis （BSA）. Based on the mean disease values averaged across environments, the broad-sense heritability of maximum disease severity （MDS） was 0.75. Two QTLs for stripe rust resistance were detected by composite interval mapping （CIM）. They were designated QYr.caas-3BL and QYr.caas-3BS and explained from 6.6 to 20.1%, respectively, of the phenotypic variance across environments. QYr.caas-3BL came from Chuanmai 32; QYr.caas-3BS with lower effect was from the susceptible parent Chuanyu 12. Both QTLs appear to be new.

最后间冰期至未来2070s中国潜在自然植被时空分布格局及其对气候变化的响应

潜在自然植被(PNV)对生态环境的修复与重建、自然保护区的规划与建设和农牧业的生产与发展均有着重要的指导作用。研究基于综合顺序分类系统(CSCS),利用最后间冰期至未来2070s六个时期的温度和降水量数据,模拟中国PNV的时空分布格局及其对气候变化的响应。研究结果表明:(1)CSCS将六个时期中国PNV分别划分为39、37、38、40、40和40类以及10个类组。(2)寒冷干旱型类组主要分布在西北,温暖湿润型和炎热潮湿型则分布在中东部和南方。除冻原和高山草地、冷荒漠、半荒漠和温带森林草地4个类组呈现下降趋势外,其余均为上升趋势。(3)温带森林草地转变为亚热带森林草地的面积最大,占总变化面积的35.4%。(4)CSCS既未包含人类活动影响因素,又能模拟长时间序列的PNV演替。(5)最后间冰期至未来2070s,森林类组向纬度和海拔高度更高的北方及青藏高原移动。研究结果进一步明确了PNV概念的界限,揭示了气候变化对PNV演替的作用机理。