随着互联网的普及,农业知识和信息的获取变得更加便捷,但信息大多固定且通用,无法针对具体情况提供定制化的解决方案。在此背景下,大语言模型(Large Language Models,LLMs)作为一种高效的人工智能工具,逐渐在农业领域中获得关注和应用...随着互联网的普及,农业知识和信息的获取变得更加便捷,但信息大多固定且通用,无法针对具体情况提供定制化的解决方案。在此背景下,大语言模型(Large Language Models,LLMs)作为一种高效的人工智能工具,逐渐在农业领域中获得关注和应用。目前,LLMs技术在农业领域大模型的相关综述中只是简单描述,并没有系统地介绍LLMs构建流程。本文重点介绍了农业垂直领域大语言模型构建流程,包括数据采集和预处理、选择适当的LLMs基模型、微调训练、检索增强生成(Retrieval Augmented Generation,RAG)技术、评估过程。以及介绍了LangChain框架在农业问答系统中的构建。最后,总结出当前构建农业垂直领域大语言模型的一些挑战,包括数据安全挑战、模型遗忘挑战和模型幻觉挑战,以及提出了未来农业垂直领域大语言的发展方向,包括多模态数据融合、强时效数据更新、多语言知识表达和微调成本优化,以进一步提高农业生产的智能化和现代化水平。展开更多
Rare earth element compositions of Lower Ordovician dolomites in the Central and Northern Tarim Basin are studied. Most dolomite samples are more or less contaminated by clay minerals. Their rare earth element composi...Rare earth element compositions of Lower Ordovician dolomites in the Central and Northern Tarim Basin are studied. Most dolomite samples are more or less contaminated by clay minerals. Their rare earth element compositions have been consequently changed, showing both seawater-like and non-seawater-like features. The clay contamination should be disposed before the REE data are used. Through ICP-MS and ICP-AES analyses, the REE features are well documented. The clay contamination is quantitatively determined by microscopic investigation, trace elements and REE contents. The dolomites, at least in the Tarim Basin, are thought to be pure when their total LREE contents are less than 3×10^-6. Through comparison, the pure dolomites show similarities in REE patterns but differences in REE contents with co-existing pure limestone, which indicates that dolomitization may slightly change the REE compositions. Nevertheless, whatever the change is, the pure dolomites may act as a potential REE proxy for Ordovician seawater, which would be significant for ancient massive dolomite strata that lack limestone.展开更多
The Es3/3-Es1/4 shales in Dongying sag are source rocks with large reserves of shale oil and gas. For the iden- tification of development characteristics and geological significance of the reservoir space, FM1 logging...The Es3/3-Es1/4 shales in Dongying sag are source rocks with large reserves of shale oil and gas. For the iden- tification of development characteristics and geological significance of the reservoir space, FM1 logging, core observation, thin section analysis, X-ray diffraction, fluorescence microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, mercury porosimetry, low-temperature nitrogen adsorption, atomic force microscopy, and conventional physical property testing were used to study the petrology and reservoir space of the Es3/3-Es1/4 shale in Dongying sag. The results suggest that the shale is rich in carbonate minerals. Phanero- crystalline stratiform and lamellar argillaceous limestone and calcareous claystone are the oil- and gas-bearing lithofacies. The oil in the micropores is mainly present as membranes and clots. The shale reservoir space has a network structure with veins, carbonate and clay minerals, and micropores among pyrite and the matrix. The results provide the geological framework for future shale oil and gas explora- tion in Dongying sag.展开更多
In situ REE concentrations of various dolomites from Tarim Basin were obtained by LA-ICP-MS analysis,and the data were normalized to standard seawater(Seawater Normalized=SWN).Most of the samples have a ΣREE range of...In situ REE concentrations of various dolomites from Tarim Basin were obtained by LA-ICP-MS analysis,and the data were normalized to standard seawater(Seawater Normalized=SWN).Most of the samples have a ΣREE range of less than 20 ppm.All samples show similar REESWN distributions with heavy REE depletion,and positive Ce anomaly,which indicates that they have the same dolomitization fluids(seawater).According to the origin and diagenetic process of dolomite,two types of dolomite are determined and described as follows:1) syndepositional dolomite,with the highest REE concentrations(more than 20 ppm),the cores of which are more enriched in REE compared with their cortexes,indicating that they underwent the dolomitization of calcareous sediments by hypersaline and subsequent diagenesis decreased the REE content of the cortex because of the low REE concentration of the diagenetic fluids;2) diagenetic dolomite,which can be subdivided into four groups.(1) burial dolomite which has higher REE concentrations than limestone,but lower than syndepositional dolomite.This shows that pore fluids with high salinity dolomitized the pre-existing limestone;(2) void filling dolomite which has the similar REE patterns with the matrix dolomite.In addition,the Eu anomaly is not obvious,suggesting that the dolomitization fluids originated from the diagenetic fluids;(3) recrystallized dolomite,whose REE concentration was obviously decreased,indicating that the REE concentration was decreased during the recrystallization processes;and(4) hydrothermal altered void-filling dolomite,which has the lowest REE concentration,but obvious positive Eu anomaly,reflecting its hydrothermal activity related origin.Thus,the diverse REE signatures,which were recorded in different dolomites,retain the information of their formation conditions and subsequent diagenetic processes.In situ REE analysis of dolomite is an effective probe into the origin and diagenetic process of dolomite.展开更多
Samples of the Cambrian microbial dolomites were collected from Penglaiba section,a well-exposed stratigraphic section in the northwestern area of the Tarim Basin.This study provides an analogue for mediated dolomites...Samples of the Cambrian microbial dolomites were collected from Penglaiba section,a well-exposed stratigraphic section in the northwestern area of the Tarim Basin.This study provides an analogue for mediated dolomites that can precipitate in microbial mats and biofilms.The Cambrian stromatolitic dolomites were studied using high-resolution scanning electron microscopy.The results are as follows:(1)dolomites with 50 nm to 100 nm spherical nanostructures are aggregated into minerals of larger sphericities;(2)nanospherical dolomites of 50 nm to 170 nm diameter are densely arranged as dumbbell-shaped or chained aggregates;(3)silicified filaments,as well as dumbbell-shaped and chain arrangements,are preserved as important microstructures.On the basis of sedimentological,compositional,geochemical,and petrographic data,the microstructures were interpreted as nanoglobules that function as bacteria in the nucleation and filament mineralization stages.The microstructures function as such because they are wrapped in extracellular polymeric substance(EPS)or mucus and mineralized fossils.Silicification accounts for the exceptional preservation of microbial mat structures,including biofilms,as well as filamentous and coccoid microbes.In addition,EPS process is capable of binding different elements,with preference for Si,Mg,and Ca.Such suitable composition favors microbe mineralization and dolomite nucleation on organic substrates.These microscopic structures suggest bacterial mineralization and provide visual evidence for the origin of microbial dolomites.展开更多
文摘随着互联网的普及,农业知识和信息的获取变得更加便捷,但信息大多固定且通用,无法针对具体情况提供定制化的解决方案。在此背景下,大语言模型(Large Language Models,LLMs)作为一种高效的人工智能工具,逐渐在农业领域中获得关注和应用。目前,LLMs技术在农业领域大模型的相关综述中只是简单描述,并没有系统地介绍LLMs构建流程。本文重点介绍了农业垂直领域大语言模型构建流程,包括数据采集和预处理、选择适当的LLMs基模型、微调训练、检索增强生成(Retrieval Augmented Generation,RAG)技术、评估过程。以及介绍了LangChain框架在农业问答系统中的构建。最后,总结出当前构建农业垂直领域大语言模型的一些挑战,包括数据安全挑战、模型遗忘挑战和模型幻觉挑战,以及提出了未来农业垂直领域大语言的发展方向,包括多模态数据融合、强时效数据更新、多语言知识表达和微调成本优化,以进一步提高农业生产的智能化和现代化水平。
文摘Rare earth element compositions of Lower Ordovician dolomites in the Central and Northern Tarim Basin are studied. Most dolomite samples are more or less contaminated by clay minerals. Their rare earth element compositions have been consequently changed, showing both seawater-like and non-seawater-like features. The clay contamination should be disposed before the REE data are used. Through ICP-MS and ICP-AES analyses, the REE features are well documented. The clay contamination is quantitatively determined by microscopic investigation, trace elements and REE contents. The dolomites, at least in the Tarim Basin, are thought to be pure when their total LREE contents are less than 3×10^-6. Through comparison, the pure dolomites show similarities in REE patterns but differences in REE contents with co-existing pure limestone, which indicates that dolomitization may slightly change the REE compositions. Nevertheless, whatever the change is, the pure dolomites may act as a potential REE proxy for Ordovician seawater, which would be significant for ancient massive dolomite strata that lack limestone.
基金funded by the Scientific and Technological Brainstorm Project of Sinopec Corp (No. P12062)
文摘The Es3/3-Es1/4 shales in Dongying sag are source rocks with large reserves of shale oil and gas. For the iden- tification of development characteristics and geological significance of the reservoir space, FM1 logging, core observation, thin section analysis, X-ray diffraction, fluorescence microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, mercury porosimetry, low-temperature nitrogen adsorption, atomic force microscopy, and conventional physical property testing were used to study the petrology and reservoir space of the Es3/3-Es1/4 shale in Dongying sag. The results suggest that the shale is rich in carbonate minerals. Phanero- crystalline stratiform and lamellar argillaceous limestone and calcareous claystone are the oil- and gas-bearing lithofacies. The oil in the micropores is mainly present as membranes and clots. The shale reservoir space has a network structure with veins, carbonate and clay minerals, and micropores among pyrite and the matrix. The results provide the geological framework for future shale oil and gas explora- tion in Dongying sag.
基金Supported by National Basic Research Program of China (Grant No. 2005CB422103)
文摘In situ REE concentrations of various dolomites from Tarim Basin were obtained by LA-ICP-MS analysis,and the data were normalized to standard seawater(Seawater Normalized=SWN).Most of the samples have a ΣREE range of less than 20 ppm.All samples show similar REESWN distributions with heavy REE depletion,and positive Ce anomaly,which indicates that they have the same dolomitization fluids(seawater).According to the origin and diagenetic process of dolomite,two types of dolomite are determined and described as follows:1) syndepositional dolomite,with the highest REE concentrations(more than 20 ppm),the cores of which are more enriched in REE compared with their cortexes,indicating that they underwent the dolomitization of calcareous sediments by hypersaline and subsequent diagenesis decreased the REE content of the cortex because of the low REE concentration of the diagenetic fluids;2) diagenetic dolomite,which can be subdivided into four groups.(1) burial dolomite which has higher REE concentrations than limestone,but lower than syndepositional dolomite.This shows that pore fluids with high salinity dolomitized the pre-existing limestone;(2) void filling dolomite which has the similar REE patterns with the matrix dolomite.In addition,the Eu anomaly is not obvious,suggesting that the dolomitization fluids originated from the diagenetic fluids;(3) recrystallized dolomite,whose REE concentration was obviously decreased,indicating that the REE concentration was decreased during the recrystallization processes;and(4) hydrothermal altered void-filling dolomite,which has the lowest REE concentration,but obvious positive Eu anomaly,reflecting its hydrothermal activity related origin.Thus,the diverse REE signatures,which were recorded in different dolomites,retain the information of their formation conditions and subsequent diagenetic processes.In situ REE analysis of dolomite is an effective probe into the origin and diagenetic process of dolomite.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.41402102)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Grant No.2652014001)+1 种基金the National Science and Technology Major Project of the Ministry of Science and Technology of China(Grant No.2011ZX05005–002–008HZ)National Basic Research Program of China(Grant No.2011CB201100–03)
文摘Samples of the Cambrian microbial dolomites were collected from Penglaiba section,a well-exposed stratigraphic section in the northwestern area of the Tarim Basin.This study provides an analogue for mediated dolomites that can precipitate in microbial mats and biofilms.The Cambrian stromatolitic dolomites were studied using high-resolution scanning electron microscopy.The results are as follows:(1)dolomites with 50 nm to 100 nm spherical nanostructures are aggregated into minerals of larger sphericities;(2)nanospherical dolomites of 50 nm to 170 nm diameter are densely arranged as dumbbell-shaped or chained aggregates;(3)silicified filaments,as well as dumbbell-shaped and chain arrangements,are preserved as important microstructures.On the basis of sedimentological,compositional,geochemical,and petrographic data,the microstructures were interpreted as nanoglobules that function as bacteria in the nucleation and filament mineralization stages.The microstructures function as such because they are wrapped in extracellular polymeric substance(EPS)or mucus and mineralized fossils.Silicification accounts for the exceptional preservation of microbial mat structures,including biofilms,as well as filamentous and coccoid microbes.In addition,EPS process is capable of binding different elements,with preference for Si,Mg,and Ca.Such suitable composition favors microbe mineralization and dolomite nucleation on organic substrates.These microscopic structures suggest bacterial mineralization and provide visual evidence for the origin of microbial dolomites.
