OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the anti-apoptotic efficacy of Qingnao Yizhi formula(清脑益智方,QNYZ)in cultured cerebral cortical neuronal cells(CNCs)and the regulation of the NogoA-Nogo receptor(NgR)/Rho-Rho kinase(ROCK)signa...OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the anti-apoptotic efficacy of Qingnao Yizhi formula(清脑益智方,QNYZ)in cultured cerebral cortical neuronal cells(CNCs)and the regulation of the NogoA-Nogo receptor(NgR)/Rho-Rho kinase(ROCK)signaling pathway.METHODS:Primary cultured CNCs were randomly divided into the following groups:normal control group(N-C),hypoxia-reoxygenation group(H/R),high-dose QNYZ group(Q-H),low-dose QNYZ group(Q-L)butylphthalide(NBP)group,and Y-27632(a selective ROCK transduction pathway inhibiter)group.Except those in the N-C group,CNCs were placed in hypoxic conditions for 24 h and then in reoxygenation conditions for 24 h.Cell media was changed every 48 h,and various assays were performed on the 7 th day.Cell viability was evaluated by measuring mitochondrial dehydrogenase activity,using a CCK-8 assay,in triplicate.Synapsin(SYN)protein concentrations were evaluated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.NogoA and RhoA protein expression were evaluated through Western blotting.The gene expression of NogoA,NgR,RhoA,and ROCK was evaluated by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction.Cell apoptosis was measured using a terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase biotin-d UTP nick end labeling assay.RESULTS:Compared with the N-C group,the cell viability of the H/R group decreased significantly(P<0.05).The cell viability values for the Q-H and Q-L groups increased compared with that for the H/R group,and the difference was significant for the Q-H group(P<0.05).The NogoA and RhoA protein levels and the NogoA,NgR,RhoA,and ROCK m RNA expression levels increased in the H/R group,compared with the N-C group,and decreased significantly in the Q-H and Q-L groups(P<0.05)and in the Y-27632 group(P<0.05)compared with the H/R group.The SYN levels in the Q-H,Q-L,and NBP groups significantly increased compared with that in the H/R group(P<0.05).Compared with the H/R group,the numbers of apoptotic cells in the Q-H,Q-L,and NBP groups significantly decreased(P<0.05).CONCLUSION:The presented study demonstrated that QNYZ exerted anti-apoptotic effects on H/R-induced CNCs,possibly through the modulation of the NogoA-NgR/Rho-ROCK signaling pathway and the promotion of synaptic plasticity in H/R CNCs.展开更多
In many study fields,scholars have extensively explored the linear relationships between variables.But some recent studies have shown that the linear models sometimes fail to reflect true relationships between variabl...In many study fields,scholars have extensively explored the linear relationships between variables.But some recent studies have shown that the linear models sometimes fail to reflect true relationships between variables and often misguide practice.Therefore,scholars strongly advocate exploring the curvilinear relationships between variables.Drawing on previous studies and the principles of mathematical statistics,this paper combines the linear relationship and the curvilinear relationship and divides the curvilinear relationship into four categories according to the quadratic coefficient of the quadratic curve and the coefficient of the linear model.Meanwhile,according to their characteristics in the economic and management practice,this study names these four types of curvilinear relationships as Gradually Getting Better effect,Too Much of a Good Thing effect,A Little Bad Thing effect or Catfish effect,and Prolonged Illness Makes the Patient a Good Doctor effect,respectively.Then these four types of curvilinear effects are discussed from four aspects in this paper:data analysis methods,theoretical connotation,application examples and theoretical explanation.Finally,the application of these curvilinear effects in future research is outlooked.展开更多
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Study on the Mechanism of NogoA-NgR/Rho-ROCK in Regulating the Synaptic Remodeling of VD,No.81202653)the China Postdoctoral Fund of Sciences(Study on the Mechanism of Qingnao Yizhi Formula Based on the PI3K-Akt-mTOR Signal Transduction Pathway in the Treatment of Vascular Dementia,No.20110490080)+1 种基金Science and Innovation Commission of Shenzhen(Mechanism Study of Hydroxysafflor Yellow A Regulating Mitochondrial Autophagy through ROS Mediated PINK1/parkin Pathway in the Treatment of Acute Cerebral Infarction,JCYJ20180302173504891)Science and Innovation Commission of Shenzhen(lncRNA Malat1 Mediates SDF1/CXCR4 Axis in Cerebral Angiogenesis after Acute Cerebral Infarction and the Intervention Mechanism of Hydroxysafflor Yellow A,JCYJ 20190812161807600)。
文摘OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the anti-apoptotic efficacy of Qingnao Yizhi formula(清脑益智方,QNYZ)in cultured cerebral cortical neuronal cells(CNCs)and the regulation of the NogoA-Nogo receptor(NgR)/Rho-Rho kinase(ROCK)signaling pathway.METHODS:Primary cultured CNCs were randomly divided into the following groups:normal control group(N-C),hypoxia-reoxygenation group(H/R),high-dose QNYZ group(Q-H),low-dose QNYZ group(Q-L)butylphthalide(NBP)group,and Y-27632(a selective ROCK transduction pathway inhibiter)group.Except those in the N-C group,CNCs were placed in hypoxic conditions for 24 h and then in reoxygenation conditions for 24 h.Cell media was changed every 48 h,and various assays were performed on the 7 th day.Cell viability was evaluated by measuring mitochondrial dehydrogenase activity,using a CCK-8 assay,in triplicate.Synapsin(SYN)protein concentrations were evaluated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.NogoA and RhoA protein expression were evaluated through Western blotting.The gene expression of NogoA,NgR,RhoA,and ROCK was evaluated by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction.Cell apoptosis was measured using a terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase biotin-d UTP nick end labeling assay.RESULTS:Compared with the N-C group,the cell viability of the H/R group decreased significantly(P<0.05).The cell viability values for the Q-H and Q-L groups increased compared with that for the H/R group,and the difference was significant for the Q-H group(P<0.05).The NogoA and RhoA protein levels and the NogoA,NgR,RhoA,and ROCK m RNA expression levels increased in the H/R group,compared with the N-C group,and decreased significantly in the Q-H and Q-L groups(P<0.05)and in the Y-27632 group(P<0.05)compared with the H/R group.The SYN levels in the Q-H,Q-L,and NBP groups significantly increased compared with that in the H/R group(P<0.05).Compared with the H/R group,the numbers of apoptotic cells in the Q-H,Q-L,and NBP groups significantly decreased(P<0.05).CONCLUSION:The presented study demonstrated that QNYZ exerted anti-apoptotic effects on H/R-induced CNCs,possibly through the modulation of the NogoA-NgR/Rho-ROCK signaling pathway and the promotion of synaptic plasticity in H/R CNCs.
文摘In many study fields,scholars have extensively explored the linear relationships between variables.But some recent studies have shown that the linear models sometimes fail to reflect true relationships between variables and often misguide practice.Therefore,scholars strongly advocate exploring the curvilinear relationships between variables.Drawing on previous studies and the principles of mathematical statistics,this paper combines the linear relationship and the curvilinear relationship and divides the curvilinear relationship into four categories according to the quadratic coefficient of the quadratic curve and the coefficient of the linear model.Meanwhile,according to their characteristics in the economic and management practice,this study names these four types of curvilinear relationships as Gradually Getting Better effect,Too Much of a Good Thing effect,A Little Bad Thing effect or Catfish effect,and Prolonged Illness Makes the Patient a Good Doctor effect,respectively.Then these four types of curvilinear effects are discussed from four aspects in this paper:data analysis methods,theoretical connotation,application examples and theoretical explanation.Finally,the application of these curvilinear effects in future research is outlooked.
