UHMWPE/HDPE的选择性激光烧结及结构性能研究

采用机械混合方法制备超高分子量聚乙烯(UHMWPE)/高密度聚乙烯(HDPE)复合粉末,以改善UHMWPE的选择性激光烧结性能以及烧结件的性能。在选择性激光烧结的条件下,探究HDPE的含量对UHWMPE烧结以及烧结制件性能的影响。结果表明,通过选择性激光烧结发现,不同含量的HDPE/UHMWPE的粉末烧结性能不同,高密度聚乙烯的加入降低了超高分子量聚乙烯的烧结温度,提高了UHMWPE烧结制件的性能;同时,烧结激光功率对烧结件的影响也较大,烧结制件的致密度以及拉伸强度都随着激光功率的增加而增大,但尺寸稳定性有所下降。

Spatially-explicit quantitative relationship for a potential PES mechanism:Cascade hydropower development in Yarlung Zangbo River Basin, China

Payment for ecosystem services(PES) is of great importance for the sustainable development of mountain areas, key hotspot regions for the provisioning of ecosystem services. At present, PES researches mainly focus on forest protection, carbon sink trading, and water protection. As an important industry in mountainous areas, cascade hydropower development has generated substantial economic benefits accompanied by social and ecological impacts. However, efficient PES mechanisms to deal with hydropower generation in mountain areas are still unavailable. Therefore, the lacking of PES in mountain systems limits the development of those areas, and compromise the sustainability of hydropower development. The critical reason lies in the lack of a scientific method that can quantitatively analyze the relationship of hydropower stations with a geographical scope at county level(i.e., quantifying the water yield service provided by each county within the cascade hydropower development basin), and with different hydropower enterprises. We use the Yarlung Zangbo River Basin of China as case study area, one of the major hydropower development basins in China. First, we used Integrated Valuation of Ecosystem Services and Tradeoffs(InVEST) model to map water yield service. Then, we calculated the value of water yield service by relating the water yield to the gross output value of hydropower stations. We revealed the relationship(e.g., hydropower stations and identified counties) between the payers and the payees of ecosystem services through mapping and quantifying the provisioning regions in the supply of water yield service and the users(hydropower enterprises). Finally, we discussed the current situation of benefit distribution in cascade hydropower development basin based on the supply and use of the water yield service. The results showed that 1) the spatial distribution of the value of water yield service is uneven: the upper reaches are highvalue areas;the eastern region is higher than the western region;and the maximum value(USD 119.2$/km2) is 34 times higher than the minimum value(USD 3.5 $/km2). 2) We found that four state-owned enterprises are the direct beneficiaries of water yield service, and 37 counties are suppliers, among which Gongbogyamda, Lhari and Damxung are the first level of supply. 3) Each hydropower station is provided with water yield service by several counties, and the value of water yield service varies greatly in each county, showing spatial differences. 4) Most counties are only partially involved in the process of water yield service being used by hydropower stations(i.e.,the boundary of water yield service is inconsistent with the administrative boundary). 5) Huaneng Tibet Yarlung Zangbo River Hydropower Development and Investment Co., Ltd. gets the greatest value(USD 1.8million $) from the use of water yield service, while China Energy Tibet Electric Power Co., Ltd. gets the smallest(USD 389.1 thousand $). 6) Counties near the lower reaches have gained more economic benefits, while the water yield service they provide have the lowest contribution to hydropower production. Our approach linked water yield ecosystem service and hydropower development effectively, and revealed their complex eco-economic relationship between producers and beneficiaries of ecosystem services, which provides key insights for the designing of a potential PES mechanism.

LncRNA NEAT1调节miR-128-3p/HNRNPL轴对非小细胞肺癌细胞增殖、凋亡及PD-1/PD-L1表达的影响

为探讨长链非编码RNA(long noncoding RNA,LncRNA)核富集转录本1(nuclear paraspeckle assembly transcript 1,NEAT1)在非小细胞肺癌(non-small cell lung cancer,NSCLC)免疫逃逸中的作用及机制,采集96例NSCLC患者的肿瘤及邻近正常组织,应用qRT-PCR检测NEAT1表达并分析其与NSCLC患者临床病理特征的相关性。以qRT-PCR检测人支气管上皮细胞16HBE和NSCLC细胞系中NEAT1、miR-128-3p、异质性胞核核糖核蛋白L(heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein L,HNRNPL)和PD-L1 mRNA表达。将NEAT1干扰质粒(si-NEAT1)、miR-128-3p inhibitor及其对照(si-NC、inhibitor-NC)转染A549细胞,分为正常对照组、si-NC组、si-NEAT1组、si-NEAT1+anti-NC组和si-NEAT1+anti-miR-128-3p组,随后检测HNRNPL、PD-L1 mRNA和蛋白表达,以RNA沉降等法验证NEAT1、miR-128-3p和HNRNPL的调控机制。A549与CD8^(+)T细胞共培养,验证敲低NEAT1在NSCLC免疫逃逸中的作用,并以ELISA检测PD-L1和IFN-γ水平。结果显示,NEAT1在NSCLC组织中高表达,且与NSCLC肿瘤大小、TNM分期和淋巴结转移显著相关(P<0.05)。NSCLC细胞中,NEAT1、HNRNPL和PD-L1显著过表达,而miR-128-3p显著低表达(均P<0.05)。敲低NEAT1可上调miR-128-3p,抑制HNRNPL和PD-L1表达,降低NSCLC细胞活力并诱导其凋亡(均P<0.05),而NEAT1可靶向结合NSCLC细胞中的miR-128-3p。共培养发现敲低NEAT1的A549细胞可激活CD8^(+)T细胞,抑制其凋亡并降低PD-L1和IFN-γ水平(均P<0.05),而下调miR-128-3p可增加HNRNPL和PD-L1表达,减弱NEAT1敲低对NSCLC细胞增殖、凋亡及CD8^(+)T细胞活化的影响(均P<0.05)。由此,NEAT1可能通过miR-128-3p/HNRNPL轴促进PD-L1表达,从而导致NSCLC的免疫逃逸。

燥气运动特点

通过分析有关燥气运动的理论文献发现,目前对于燥气运动的认识多是基于春、夏、秋、冬的四时气候特点,但是对于具体时空状态下的燥气运动变化阐述相对欠缺。文章基于文献研究的基础,认为燥气运动的实质是一气之敛降状态,且燥气敛降运动存在应时而至、位次流转以及敛降强弱变化等方面的特点,据此明确提出燥气运行需应时、当位、适度的观点。以期进一步完善燥气运动特点的相关理论,更好地指导临床燥证的治疗。

顺铂联合VEGF抗体对食管癌移植瘤小鼠免疫调节以及癌细胞增殖和肺转移的影响

目的:研究顺铂联合血管内皮生长因子(vascular endothelial growth factor,VEGF)治疗对食管癌移植瘤小鼠免疫功能、癌细胞增殖以及肺转移的影响。方法:30只BALB/c小鼠通过皮下注射食管癌移植瘤模型。一周后,30只食管癌移植瘤模型小鼠被随机均分为3组,即模型组、顺铂组和联合组。模型组不进行治疗,顺铂组腹腔注顺铂治疗,联合组腹腔注射顺铂联合尾静脉注射VEGF抗体进行治疗,共治疗7周。比较各组小鼠体重,食管癌移植瘤体积和重量,卵巢癌细胞肺组织转移结节数、癌细胞转移面积和转移病灶总数,以及食管癌移植瘤外周血CD4^(+)、CD8^(+)以及CD4^(+)/CD8^(+)T淋巴细胞比例。结果:(1)顺博组和联合组小鼠体重均显著高于对照组,而联合组小鼠体重显著高于顺铂组(P<0.05);(2)顺铂组和联合组小鼠CD4^(+)和CD8^(+)细胞比例均显著低于对照组(P<0.05),而CD4^(+)/CD8^(+)却显著高于对照组(P<0.05);(3)联合组小鼠CD4^(+)和CD8^(+)细胞比例均显著高于对照组(P<0.05),而CD4^(+)/CD8^(+)却显著低于顺铂组(P<0.05);(4)顺铂组和联合组小鼠食管癌肿瘤组织体积和重量,肺转移结节数、转移面积和转移病灶数均显著低于对照组(P<0.05),而联合组小鼠显著低于顺铂组(P<0.05)。结论:VEGF抗体可以显著增强顺铂在体内对食管癌的抗癌特性,并有助于增强食管癌移植瘤小鼠免疫功能、抑制癌细胞体内增殖和肺部转移。

2011-2015年抚州市乙肝流行趋势与流行特征分析

目的分析2011-2015年抚州市乙肝流行趋势与流行病学特征,为乙肝疫情的控制提供科学依据。方法对2011-2015年抚州市乙肝疫情资料进行描述性流行病学分析。结果 2011-2015年抚州市乙肝年均发病率为72.63/10万,发病率呈上升趋势(χ2=257.282,P<0.01),发病率年均增长速度为11.90%。高发病区依次为黎川县、南城县、南丰县、宜黄县和金溪县。报告病例以20~59岁居多,占85.08%。男、女性别比为3.27∶1,男、女性的发病率分别为107.32/10万和35.31/10万,差异有统计学意义(χ2=3 533.265,P<0.01),男、女性发病率均呈上升趋势(χ2值分别为138.046和149.776,P<0.01)。患者以农民、从事家务及待业为主,其中农民发病构成比呈下降趋势(χ2=20.128,P<0.01),家务及待业患者构成比呈上升趋势(χ2=50.056,P<0.01)。结论抚州市乙肝预防与控制工作重点在农村,农民、家务及待业者为主要风险人群,因此应加强对该人群的健康教育,提高乙肝防治认知水平,同时提高乙肝疫苗接种率,控制乙肝的流行。

2011-2015年抚州市梅毒报告发病趋势分析

目的为了控制梅毒疫情,分析2011-2015年抚州市梅毒的流行趋势与特征,提出预防控制对策。方法采用描述性流行病学方法对2011-2015年抚州市梅毒疫情监测数据进行分析。结果 2011-2015年抚州市报告梅毒年均发病率13.17/10万,发病率呈上升趋势(χ_(趋势)~2=182.340,P<0.001),发病率年均增长速度22.50%。发病以隐性梅毒和Ⅰ期梅毒为主,隐性梅毒(χ_(趋势)~2=199.544,P<0.001)和Ⅰ期梅毒(χ_(趋势)~2=13.727,P<0.001)发病率均呈上升趋势。高发病区依次为广昌县、南丰县、南城县、乐安县、临川区和黎川县。发病以农民、家务及待业人群和职业不祥人群为主,农民发病构成比呈下降趋势(χ_(趋势)~2=8.191,P=0.004),家务及待业人群发病构成比呈上升趋势(χ_(趋势)~2=25.464,P<0.001)。不同性别人群隐性梅毒、Ⅰ期梅毒、Ⅱ期梅毒和胎传梅毒发病率差异均有统计学意义(均有P<0.05)。发病年龄主要集中在20~49岁年龄段,不同性别人群发病年龄分布不同。结论抚州市对梅毒高发病区需采取有效的针对性干预措施,以农民、家务及待业人群为重点,加强人群性健康教育,对隐性梅毒和Ⅰ期梅毒早发现、早诊断、早期实行规范治疗。