We report on cavity swelling at peak damage regions of three ferritic-martensitic(FM)steels(NHS,RAFM and T91)irradiated by 196 MeV Kr ions at different temperatures(450/550℃).Cavity configurations of the irradiated s...We report on cavity swelling at peak damage regions of three ferritic-martensitic(FM)steels(NHS,RAFM and T91)irradiated by 196 MeV Kr ions at different temperatures(450/550℃).Cavity configurations of the irradiated specimens are investigated by transmission electron microscopy with cross-section technique.For home-made reduced activation ferritic-martensitic(RAFM)and T91 steels irradiated at 450℃,both large size and bimodal size distribution of the cavity are found in their peak damage regions,whereas novel high silicon(NHS)steel exhibits good swelling resistance at different irradiation temperatures.Temperature relativity of the cavity swelling in NHS,RAFM and T91 steels is discussed briefly.展开更多
Evolutions of defects and helium contained defects produced by atomic displacement and helium deposition with helium implantation at different temperatures in novel high silicon （NHS） steel are investigated by a slo...Evolutions of defects and helium contained defects produced by atomic displacement and helium deposition with helium implantation at different temperatures in novel high silicon （NHS） steel are investigated by a slow positron beam. Differences of the defect information among samples implanted by helium to a fluence of 1×1017 ions/cm2 at room temperature, 300°C, 450°C and 750°C are discussed. It is found that the mobility of vacancies and vacancy clusters, a recombination of vacancy-type defects and the formation of the He-V complex lead to the occurrence of these differences. At high temperature irradiations, a change of the diffusion mechanism of He atoms/He bubbles might be one of the reasons for the change of the S-parameter.展开更多
The effects of 100 keV H-ion implantation on the structure of LiTaO3 crystal are investigated by Raman and UV/VIS/NIR spectroscopies.The implantation fluence is in the range from 1.0 × 10^(13) to 1.0 × 10^(1...The effects of 100 keV H-ion implantation on the structure of LiTaO3 crystal are investigated by Raman and UV/VIS/NIR spectroscopies.The implantation fluence is in the range from 1.0 × 10^(13) to 1.0 × 10^(17) H^(+)/cm^(2).The experimental results show the dependence of the crystal structure on ion fluence.It is found that the structural modification of the LiTaO3 crystal is due to two processes.One is H-ions occupying lithium vacancies (VLi),which is predominant at a fluence less than 1.0 × 10^(14) H^(+) /cm^(2).This process causes the reduction of negative charge centers in the crystal and relaxation of distortion in the local lattice structure.The other is the influence of defects created during implantation,which plays a dominant role gradually in the structural modification at a fluence larger than 1.0 × 10^(15) H^(+)/cm^(2).展开更多
目的观察超体重(孕前体质量指数≥25kg/m^(2))产妇剖宫产术中应用超声引导下椎管内麻醉联合腹横肌平面神经阻滞的效果,探讨其在术后康复中的作用。方法行剖宫产手术超体重产妇240例,随机分为观察组和对照组各120例。对照组椎管内麻醉采...目的观察超体重(孕前体质量指数≥25kg/m^(2))产妇剖宫产术中应用超声引导下椎管内麻醉联合腹横肌平面神经阻滞的效果,探讨其在术后康复中的作用。方法行剖宫产手术超体重产妇240例,随机分为观察组和对照组各120例。对照组椎管内麻醉采用常规髂嵴最高点连线定位法,于L_(2-3)间隙穿刺后注射质量分数0.75%布比卡因1.2~1.5mL;观察组在超声引导下于L_(2-3)间隙穿刺后注射质量分数0.75%布比卡因1.2~1.5mL,手术结束时于超声引导下行双侧腹横肌平面神经阻滞,注射质量分数0.375%盐酸罗哌卡因15mL+盐酸右美托咪定0.75μg/kg;2组术后自控静脉镇痛均应用舒芬太尼+酮洛酸氨丁三醇+盐酸阿扎司琼。记录2组麻醉穿刺时间、穿刺次数、首次自控镇痛时间、自控镇痛次数、术后泌乳时间、住院时间等;采用40项恢复质量量表(quality of recovery-40questionnaire,QoR-40)评分评估2组术后24h恢复情况;比较2组术前及术后24h催乳素、空腹血糖、去甲肾上腺素、白细胞介素-6(interleukin 6,IL-6)水平;多因素线性回归分析影响超体重产妇剖宫产术后QoR-40评分的因素。结果2组年龄、孕周、体质量指数、手术时间及术后下床时间比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。观察组麻醉穿刺时间[(78.1±20.2)s]、术后泌乳时间[(25.3±10.2)h]、术后通气时间[(10.7±6.1)h]、住院时间[(4.8±0.8)d]均短于对照组[(117.6±79.1)s、(33.1±12.9)h、(12.8±9.4)h、(5.0±0.8)d](t=5.300,P<0.001;t=5.177,P<0.001;t=2.046,P=0.040;t=2.023,P=0.040),穿刺次数[(1.3±0.5)次]、自控镇痛次数[(1.9±1.3)次]均少于对照组[(1.8±0.9)、(2.8±1.6)次](t=5.610,P<0.001;t=4.893,P<0.001),术后24hQoR-40评分[(192.0±9.8)分]高于对照组[(180.1±21.8)分](t=5.443,P<0.001)。观察组术前24h空腹血糖[5.20(4.50,5.60)mmol/L]、去甲肾上腺素[442.50(382.25,462.00)ng/L]、IL-6[5.37(4.56,5.90)ng/L]、催乳素[226.00(206.25,245.00)μg/L]水平与对照组[5.20(4.50,5.60)mmol/L、445.00(376.00,467.75)ng/L、5.37(4.56,5.82)ng/L、226.00(215.00,245.00)μg/L]比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);观察组术后24h催乳素[400.50(387.00,418.00)μg/L]水平高于对照组[367.00(355.00,390.00)μg/L](U=8.26,P<0.001),空腹血糖[5.60(5.50,5.90)mmol/L]、去甲肾上腺素[521.00(467.00,545.75)ng/L]、IL-6[16.82(15.15,19.85)ng/L]水平均低于对照组[6.25(5.90,6.68)ng/L、606.00(556.00,645.00)ng/L、24.42(19.88,27.55)ng/L](U=-7.73,P<0.001;U=-8.76,P<0.001;U=-8.98,P<0.001);2组术后24h各指标均高于术前24h(P<0.05)。术后IL-6(β=-0.58,95%CI:-0.96~0.20,P=0.003)、麻醉穿刺时间(β=-0.04,95%CI:-0.07~0.01,P=0.021)、麻醉方式(β=5.36,95%CI:0.55~10.18,P=0.029)是超体重产妇剖宫产后QoR-40评分的影响因素。结论超体重产妇剖宫产术中应用超声引导下椎管内麻醉联合腹横肌平面神经阻滞可缩短术中麻醉穿刺时间,减少穿刺次数,减轻术后疼痛,促进术后快速康复。展开更多
基金Supported by the National Basic Research Program of China under Grant No 2010CB832902the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos 91026002,91126011 and 11275005。
文摘We report on cavity swelling at peak damage regions of three ferritic-martensitic(FM)steels(NHS,RAFM and T91)irradiated by 196 MeV Kr ions at different temperatures(450/550℃).Cavity configurations of the irradiated specimens are investigated by transmission electron microscopy with cross-section technique.For home-made reduced activation ferritic-martensitic(RAFM)and T91 steels irradiated at 450℃,both large size and bimodal size distribution of the cavity are found in their peak damage regions,whereas novel high silicon(NHS)steel exhibits good swelling resistance at different irradiation temperatures.Temperature relativity of the cavity swelling in NHS,RAFM and T91 steels is discussed briefly.
基金Supported by the National Basic Research Program of China under Grant No 2010CB832902, and the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos 91026002, 91126011 and 11275005.
文摘Evolutions of defects and helium contained defects produced by atomic displacement and helium deposition with helium implantation at different temperatures in novel high silicon （NHS） steel are investigated by a slow positron beam. Differences of the defect information among samples implanted by helium to a fluence of 1×1017 ions/cm2 at room temperature, 300°C, 450°C and 750°C are discussed. It is found that the mobility of vacancies and vacancy clusters, a recombination of vacancy-type defects and the formation of the He-V complex lead to the occurrence of these differences. At high temperature irradiations, a change of the diffusion mechanism of He atoms/He bubbles might be one of the reasons for the change of the S-parameter.
基金Supported by the National Basic Research Program of China under Grant No 2010CB832902the National Natural Science Foundation of China(10835010)the Chinese Academy of Sciences.
文摘The effects of 100 keV H-ion implantation on the structure of LiTaO3 crystal are investigated by Raman and UV/VIS/NIR spectroscopies.The implantation fluence is in the range from 1.0 × 10^(13) to 1.0 × 10^(17) H^(+)/cm^(2).The experimental results show the dependence of the crystal structure on ion fluence.It is found that the structural modification of the LiTaO3 crystal is due to two processes.One is H-ions occupying lithium vacancies (VLi),which is predominant at a fluence less than 1.0 × 10^(14) H^(+) /cm^(2).This process causes the reduction of negative charge centers in the crystal and relaxation of distortion in the local lattice structure.The other is the influence of defects created during implantation,which plays a dominant role gradually in the structural modification at a fluence larger than 1.0 × 10^(15) H^(+)/cm^(2).
文摘目的观察超体重(孕前体质量指数≥25kg/m^(2))产妇剖宫产术中应用超声引导下椎管内麻醉联合腹横肌平面神经阻滞的效果,探讨其在术后康复中的作用。方法行剖宫产手术超体重产妇240例,随机分为观察组和对照组各120例。对照组椎管内麻醉采用常规髂嵴最高点连线定位法,于L_(2-3)间隙穿刺后注射质量分数0.75%布比卡因1.2~1.5mL;观察组在超声引导下于L_(2-3)间隙穿刺后注射质量分数0.75%布比卡因1.2~1.5mL,手术结束时于超声引导下行双侧腹横肌平面神经阻滞,注射质量分数0.375%盐酸罗哌卡因15mL+盐酸右美托咪定0.75μg/kg;2组术后自控静脉镇痛均应用舒芬太尼+酮洛酸氨丁三醇+盐酸阿扎司琼。记录2组麻醉穿刺时间、穿刺次数、首次自控镇痛时间、自控镇痛次数、术后泌乳时间、住院时间等;采用40项恢复质量量表(quality of recovery-40questionnaire,QoR-40)评分评估2组术后24h恢复情况;比较2组术前及术后24h催乳素、空腹血糖、去甲肾上腺素、白细胞介素-6(interleukin 6,IL-6)水平;多因素线性回归分析影响超体重产妇剖宫产术后QoR-40评分的因素。结果2组年龄、孕周、体质量指数、手术时间及术后下床时间比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。观察组麻醉穿刺时间[(78.1±20.2)s]、术后泌乳时间[(25.3±10.2)h]、术后通气时间[(10.7±6.1)h]、住院时间[(4.8±0.8)d]均短于对照组[(117.6±79.1)s、(33.1±12.9)h、(12.8±9.4)h、(5.0±0.8)d](t=5.300,P<0.001;t=5.177,P<0.001;t=2.046,P=0.040;t=2.023,P=0.040),穿刺次数[(1.3±0.5)次]、自控镇痛次数[(1.9±1.3)次]均少于对照组[(1.8±0.9)、(2.8±1.6)次](t=5.610,P<0.001;t=4.893,P<0.001),术后24hQoR-40评分[(192.0±9.8)分]高于对照组[(180.1±21.8)分](t=5.443,P<0.001)。观察组术前24h空腹血糖[5.20(4.50,5.60)mmol/L]、去甲肾上腺素[442.50(382.25,462.00)ng/L]、IL-6[5.37(4.56,5.90)ng/L]、催乳素[226.00(206.25,245.00)μg/L]水平与对照组[5.20(4.50,5.60)mmol/L、445.00(376.00,467.75)ng/L、5.37(4.56,5.82)ng/L、226.00(215.00,245.00)μg/L]比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);观察组术后24h催乳素[400.50(387.00,418.00)μg/L]水平高于对照组[367.00(355.00,390.00)μg/L](U=8.26,P<0.001),空腹血糖[5.60(5.50,5.90)mmol/L]、去甲肾上腺素[521.00(467.00,545.75)ng/L]、IL-6[16.82(15.15,19.85)ng/L]水平均低于对照组[6.25(5.90,6.68)ng/L、606.00(556.00,645.00)ng/L、24.42(19.88,27.55)ng/L](U=-7.73,P<0.001;U=-8.76,P<0.001;U=-8.98,P<0.001);2组术后24h各指标均高于术前24h(P<0.05)。术后IL-6(β=-0.58,95%CI:-0.96~0.20,P=0.003)、麻醉穿刺时间(β=-0.04,95%CI:-0.07~0.01,P=0.021)、麻醉方式(β=5.36,95%CI:0.55~10.18,P=0.029)是超体重产妇剖宫产后QoR-40评分的影响因素。结论超体重产妇剖宫产术中应用超声引导下椎管内麻醉联合腹横肌平面神经阻滞可缩短术中麻醉穿刺时间,减少穿刺次数,减轻术后疼痛,促进术后快速康复。
