目的:水参与多种重要生理功能,足量饮水有助于维持机体健康,但水的重要性尚未得到足够的重视。评估并提高人群饮水素养,促进居民健康饮水行为的形成具有重要意义。本综述旨在汇总和分析国内外人群饮水素养核心信息及评估工具的研究进展...目的:水参与多种重要生理功能,足量饮水有助于维持机体健康,但水的重要性尚未得到足够的重视。评估并提高人群饮水素养,促进居民健康饮水行为的形成具有重要意义。本综述旨在汇总和分析国内外人群饮水素养核心信息及评估工具的研究进展。方法:以“饮水素养”、“饮水知识”、“饮水知信行”等关键词为检索词,在中国知网、PubMed、Web of Science等数据库进行检索,检索时间范围为2000年1月—2023年1月,包括一手研究数据,以及综述、系统综述等非一手研究数据,语言限定为中英文;排除与主题无关、重复、数据不完整、无法获得全文的文章,对入选文献进行归纳总结。结果:共检索出文献23篇,本综述共纳入符合纳排标准的相关文献16篇。已纳入的文献中,饮水素养核心信息一般包括饮水知识、饮水量、饮水时间等维度,题目数量在10~79之间,工具的制定方法一般基于查阅文献后制定,并经专家审定形成。目前人群饮水及水合状态问卷的题目数量、评分标准等不一且欠全面。人群关于饮水的知识较为缺乏,且饮水不足现象普遍。结论:饮水素养核心信息及评估工具研究仍处于发展阶段,尚无国际认可的饮水素养定义、内涵及核心信息推荐,且缺乏依据循证证据、遵循科学流程制定的经过验证的标准化、可靠的评估工具。需制定居民饮水素养核心信息、开发饮水素养评估工具,将有助于开展相关健康宣教,促进居民形成健康饮水行为。展开更多
Objective:To compare the safety differences between Chinese medicine(CM)and Western medicine(WM)based on Chinese Spontaneous Reporting Database(CSRD).Methods:Reports of adverse events(AEs)caused by CM and WM in the CS...Objective:To compare the safety differences between Chinese medicine(CM)and Western medicine(WM)based on Chinese Spontaneous Reporting Database(CSRD).Methods:Reports of adverse events(AEs)caused by CM and WM in the CSRD between 2010 and 2011 were selected.The following assessment indicators were constructed:the proportion of serious AEs(PSE),the average number of AEs(ANA),and the coverage rate of AEs(CRA).Further comparisons were also conducted,including the drugs with the most reported serious AEs,the AEs with the biggest report number,and the 5 serious AEs of interest(including death,anaphylactic shock,coma,dyspnea and abnormal liver function).Results:The PSE,ANA and CRA of WM were 1.09,8.23 and 2.35 times higher than those of CM,respectively.The top 10 drugs with the most serious AEs were mainly injections for CM and antibiotics for WM.The AEs with the most reports were rash,pruritus,nausea,dizziness and vomiting for both CM and WM.The proportions of CM and WM in anaphylactic shock and coma were similar.For abnormal liver function and death,the proportions of WM were 5.47 and 3.00 times higher than those of CM,respectively.Conclusion:Based on CSRD,CM was safer than WM at the average level from the perspective of adverse drug reactions.展开更多
文摘目的:水参与多种重要生理功能,足量饮水有助于维持机体健康,但水的重要性尚未得到足够的重视。评估并提高人群饮水素养,促进居民健康饮水行为的形成具有重要意义。本综述旨在汇总和分析国内外人群饮水素养核心信息及评估工具的研究进展。方法:以“饮水素养”、“饮水知识”、“饮水知信行”等关键词为检索词,在中国知网、PubMed、Web of Science等数据库进行检索,检索时间范围为2000年1月—2023年1月,包括一手研究数据,以及综述、系统综述等非一手研究数据,语言限定为中英文;排除与主题无关、重复、数据不完整、无法获得全文的文章,对入选文献进行归纳总结。结果:共检索出文献23篇,本综述共纳入符合纳排标准的相关文献16篇。已纳入的文献中,饮水素养核心信息一般包括饮水知识、饮水量、饮水时间等维度,题目数量在10~79之间,工具的制定方法一般基于查阅文献后制定,并经专家审定形成。目前人群饮水及水合状态问卷的题目数量、评分标准等不一且欠全面。人群关于饮水的知识较为缺乏,且饮水不足现象普遍。结论:饮水素养核心信息及评估工具研究仍处于发展阶段,尚无国际认可的饮水素养定义、内涵及核心信息推荐,且缺乏依据循证证据、遵循科学流程制定的经过验证的标准化、可靠的评估工具。需制定居民饮水素养核心信息、开发饮水素养评估工具,将有助于开展相关健康宣教,促进居民形成健康饮水行为。
基金the Major Project of Philosophy and Social Science Research in Jiangsu Universities(No.2020SJZDA102)the Postgraduate Research&Practice Innovation Program of Jiangsu Province(No.SJCX20_0223)。
文摘Objective:To compare the safety differences between Chinese medicine(CM)and Western medicine(WM)based on Chinese Spontaneous Reporting Database(CSRD).Methods:Reports of adverse events(AEs)caused by CM and WM in the CSRD between 2010 and 2011 were selected.The following assessment indicators were constructed:the proportion of serious AEs(PSE),the average number of AEs(ANA),and the coverage rate of AEs(CRA).Further comparisons were also conducted,including the drugs with the most reported serious AEs,the AEs with the biggest report number,and the 5 serious AEs of interest(including death,anaphylactic shock,coma,dyspnea and abnormal liver function).Results:The PSE,ANA and CRA of WM were 1.09,8.23 and 2.35 times higher than those of CM,respectively.The top 10 drugs with the most serious AEs were mainly injections for CM and antibiotics for WM.The AEs with the most reports were rash,pruritus,nausea,dizziness and vomiting for both CM and WM.The proportions of CM and WM in anaphylactic shock and coma were similar.For abnormal liver function and death,the proportions of WM were 5.47 and 3.00 times higher than those of CM,respectively.Conclusion:Based on CSRD,CM was safer than WM at the average level from the perspective of adverse drug reactions.
