To understand the relationship between rice sowing date and occurrence of the rice small brown planthopper （SBPH） Laodelphax striatellus Fallen and the epidemics of the planthopper-transmitted rice stripe viral （RS...To understand the relationship between rice sowing date and occurrence of the rice small brown planthopper （SBPH） Laodelphax striatellus Fallen and the epidemics of the planthopper-transmitted rice stripe viral （RSV） disease, four sowing dates of rice were evaluated in 2006 and 2007. The results showed that the peak density of SBPH and RSV incidence in the nursery and in the transplanted field decreased with the delay of sowing date in single crop of japonica rice in north Zhejiang Province of China. The relationship between seedling RSV incidence at the end of the nursery trial with sowing date was well described by Weibull equation. The area under the curve of population dynamics （AUCPD or planthopper-day accumulation） or the peak density of the planthopper in the nursery could be summarized by a logistic equation. RSV incidence in the transplanted fields could be characterized quantitatively by a multivariate regression equation, including the variables of sowing date, peak density of the vector, and RSV incidence at the end of the nursery trial. That the descriptive model excluded the AUCPD in transplanted field implies that this variable is not necessary in forecasting disease epidemics in the field. The 2-year experiments sufficiently indicated that suitable sowing of rice could be used as one of the effective measures to control the vector population and therefore the planthopper-transmitted RSV on a larger scale. The optimal sowing date for the single-cropped transplanted japonica rice is recommended from late May to early June in north Zhejiang, China.展开更多
In insects,the sense of smell is mainly mediated by olfactory receptors（Ors）.Olfactory co-receptor（Orco）,which is coexpressed with the Ors in almost all olfactory receptor neurons（ORNs）,is demonstrated to be an ...In insects,the sense of smell is mainly mediated by olfactory receptors（Ors）.Olfactory co-receptor（Orco）,which is coexpressed with the Ors in almost all olfactory receptor neurons（ORNs）,is demonstrated to be an essential component in the insect olfactory system.It can be potential target for developing novel olfactory-disruption strategy to control insect pests.In this study,two full-length cDNA sequences encoding Orcos（CmedOrco and ChsupOrco） were cloned from two Lepidopteran rice pests,the rice leaffolder,Cnaphalocrocis medinalis and the rice striped stem borer,Chilo suppressalis.The amino acid sequences of CmedOrco and ChsupOrco showed high similarity to the previously identified Orcos from other insect species. Bioinformatic prediction and cellular immunofluorescence indicated that CmedOrco and ChsupOrco were both seven-transmembrane proteins with intracellular N-termini and extracellular C-termini.mRNA expression levels of the two Orcos were much higher in male and female antennae than those in non-olfactory tissues,and the ChsupOrco transcripts reached a peak level in adults compared to other life stages.Our results provide a foundation from which it will be possible to elucidate the roles of Orco in moth olfaction and for the development of environment-friendly management strategies of these two rice insect pests.展开更多
【目的】 白蜡虫Ericerus pela Chavannes在育卵期会大量分泌吊糖(蜜露),前期研究发现吊糖容易受到真菌的侵染,但是白蜡虫吊糖的生物学意义并不清楚。本研究旨在了解白蜡虫吊糖的成分以及该时期雌成虫基因表达特点,为更深入的了解白蜡...【目的】 白蜡虫Ericerus pela Chavannes在育卵期会大量分泌吊糖(蜜露),前期研究发现吊糖容易受到真菌的侵染,但是白蜡虫吊糖的生物学意义并不清楚。本研究旨在了解白蜡虫吊糖的成分以及该时期雌成虫基因表达特点,为更深入的了解白蜡虫分泌吊糖对于白蜡虫发育的意义奠定基础。【方法】 对吊糖分泌期的白蜡虫雌虫进行转录组测序分析,对吊糖组分进行代谢组学分析,并对转录组与代谢组进行联合分析。【结果】 在白蜡虫吊糖组分中,麦芽糖醇含量最高,其次为半乳糖醇,之后为海藻糖、水苏糖等其他种类糖物质,此外,还含有多种少量氨基酸、脂肪、维生素等代谢物质或次生代谢物质;关联分析表明,代谢途径(Metabolic pathways)、碳代谢(Carbon metabolism)和氨基酸合成(Biosynthesis of amino acids)占主要部分;与N-聚糖生物合成(Various types of N-glycan biosynthesis)相关通路的基因家族在白蜡虫发生了收缩;与代谢产物关联的基因Q96JB1家族也发生了收缩,该基因与吊糖中的L-谷氨酸、乳清酸盐以及柠檬酸盐相关。【结论】 白蜡虫吊糖主要成分不利于天敌寄生或者与其它昆虫形成互利共生,一些与吊糖成分相关的基因家族在白蜡虫中发生了收缩,说明白蜡虫吊糖可能是其分泌的不利的或多余的代谢物。展开更多
基金financially supported by the National High-Tech R&D Program of China (863 Program,2007AA10Z220)National Key Technologies R&D Program during the 11th Five-Year Plan period of China(2006BAD17B06)+3 种基金the National Basic Research Program of China (973 Program, 2002CB111400)Zhejiang Provincial Key Project (2009CB119203)Zhejiang Yangtze Delta Key Sci & Tech Collaborative Program,China (2004E60055)Jiaxing City Key Sci & Tech Project, China (2005AZ3002)
文摘To understand the relationship between rice sowing date and occurrence of the rice small brown planthopper （SBPH） Laodelphax striatellus Fallen and the epidemics of the planthopper-transmitted rice stripe viral （RSV） disease, four sowing dates of rice were evaluated in 2006 and 2007. The results showed that the peak density of SBPH and RSV incidence in the nursery and in the transplanted field decreased with the delay of sowing date in single crop of japonica rice in north Zhejiang Province of China. The relationship between seedling RSV incidence at the end of the nursery trial with sowing date was well described by Weibull equation. The area under the curve of population dynamics （AUCPD or planthopper-day accumulation） or the peak density of the planthopper in the nursery could be summarized by a logistic equation. RSV incidence in the transplanted fields could be characterized quantitatively by a multivariate regression equation, including the variables of sowing date, peak density of the vector, and RSV incidence at the end of the nursery trial. That the descriptive model excluded the AUCPD in transplanted field implies that this variable is not necessary in forecasting disease epidemics in the field. The 2-year experiments sufficiently indicated that suitable sowing of rice could be used as one of the effective measures to control the vector population and therefore the planthopper-transmitted RSV on a larger scale. The optimal sowing date for the single-cropped transplanted japonica rice is recommended from late May to early June in north Zhejiang, China.
基金funded by the Industry Project of Ministry of Agriculture of China(200903051)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(30900149)
文摘In insects,the sense of smell is mainly mediated by olfactory receptors（Ors）.Olfactory co-receptor（Orco）,which is coexpressed with the Ors in almost all olfactory receptor neurons（ORNs）,is demonstrated to be an essential component in the insect olfactory system.It can be potential target for developing novel olfactory-disruption strategy to control insect pests.In this study,two full-length cDNA sequences encoding Orcos（CmedOrco and ChsupOrco） were cloned from two Lepidopteran rice pests,the rice leaffolder,Cnaphalocrocis medinalis and the rice striped stem borer,Chilo suppressalis.The amino acid sequences of CmedOrco and ChsupOrco showed high similarity to the previously identified Orcos from other insect species. Bioinformatic prediction and cellular immunofluorescence indicated that CmedOrco and ChsupOrco were both seven-transmembrane proteins with intracellular N-termini and extracellular C-termini.mRNA expression levels of the two Orcos were much higher in male and female antennae than those in non-olfactory tissues,and the ChsupOrco transcripts reached a peak level in adults compared to other life stages.Our results provide a foundation from which it will be possible to elucidate the roles of Orco in moth olfaction and for the development of environment-friendly management strategies of these two rice insect pests.
