Wave-induced liquefaction of the seabed is a geohazard frequently encountered in shallow waters.Although widely discussed,most studies paid attention to the seabed response under a single sequence of wave loading.Howe...Wave-induced liquefaction of the seabed is a geohazard frequently encountered in shallow waters.Although widely discussed,most studies paid attention to the seabed response under a single sequence of wave loading.However,the seabed suffers from repeated‘wave loading–dissipation’phases in a real ocean environment.In this study,a homogeneous sandy seabed model is established to investigate the mechanism of wave-induced liquefaction by considering the existence of currents.Finite element analyses are conducted by incorporating a kinematic hardening elastoplastic model into the commercial package Abaqus.The constitutive model is validated against centrifugal wave tests.Parametric studies are conducted to demonstrate the effects of relative densities,current,and wave-loading history on the seabed response.The predicted excess pore pressure,effective stress paths,and associated variation of relative density are discussed in detail.The results show that the densification of soils significantly enhances the resistance against liquefaction,which provides new insight into the mechanism of residual liquefaction during wave sequences.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.U1806230 and 42025702)the Key Science and Technology Plan of PowerChina Huadong Engineering Corporation(No.KY2018-ZD-01).
文摘Wave-induced liquefaction of the seabed is a geohazard frequently encountered in shallow waters.Although widely discussed,most studies paid attention to the seabed response under a single sequence of wave loading.However,the seabed suffers from repeated‘wave loading–dissipation’phases in a real ocean environment.In this study,a homogeneous sandy seabed model is established to investigate the mechanism of wave-induced liquefaction by considering the existence of currents.Finite element analyses are conducted by incorporating a kinematic hardening elastoplastic model into the commercial package Abaqus.The constitutive model is validated against centrifugal wave tests.Parametric studies are conducted to demonstrate the effects of relative densities,current,and wave-loading history on the seabed response.The predicted excess pore pressure,effective stress paths,and associated variation of relative density are discussed in detail.The results show that the densification of soils significantly enhances the resistance against liquefaction,which provides new insight into the mechanism of residual liquefaction during wave sequences.
文摘为研究Eclipse治疗计划系统中正常组织目标(Normal Tissue Objective, NTO)优化工具参数,对脊柱转移瘤立体定向放射治疗计划靶区覆盖剂量和靶区外剂量跌落梯度指数(Gradiet Index, GI)的影响,本研究对10例脊柱转移瘤立体定向放射治疗患者设计两种类型计划。第1种添加NTO优化工具但不添加环优化条件,共得到360个计划,为参考计划;第2种添加环优化条件但不添加NTO优化条件,总共10个计划,为标准计划。所有计划最后剂量归一为100%处方剂量覆盖90%靶区体积。比较两种类型计划的靶区剂量适形度指数(Conformity Index, CI)、靶区外剂量跌落梯度指数、靶区最大剂量(Dmax)、实际治疗时间和计划临床合格率。结果表明,当NTO优化工具参数Fall-off为0.5或者1,Priority为500、700和999时,计划的GI值相似(P>0.05),但是小于其他Fall-off和Priority的GI值(P<0.05);Fall-off和Priority对CI值大小和实际治疗时间没有影响(P>0.05);随着Priority增加,计划靶区体积(Planning Target Volume, PTV)Dmax增加(P<0.05)。参考计划的临床合格率最高为70%。与标准计划相比,最合适NTO优化工具参数计划(Priority、Fall-off分别为500和0.5)的GI值更低(3.449 vs 3.655,P=0.000,Z=-5.534),实际治疗时间没有差异(2.65 min vs 2.32 min,P=0.063,Z=0.832),PTV Dmax偏大(132.1%vs 128.8%,P=0.002,Z=4.214),CI偏大(0.911 vs 0.879,P=0.151,Z=0.984)。综上所述,在计划可通过情况下,当NTO优化工具中参数Distance from Target Border设置为0.2 cm, Start Dose设置为91%处方剂量,End Dose设置为49.4%处方剂量,Fall-off和Priority分别设置为0.5和500时,脊柱转移瘤立体定向放疗计划能够实现较好的靶区剂量适形度、更低的剂量梯度指数以及合适的治疗时间。
