对抗环境中基于种群多样性的鲁棒策略生成方法

在对抗博弈环境中,目标智能体希望生成具有高鲁棒性的博弈策略,使得目标智能体在面对不同对手策略时,始终具有较高的收益。现有的基于自我博弈的策略生成方法通常会过拟合到针对对手某个特定策略进行学习,所学习到的策略鲁棒性低且容易受到其他对手策略的攻击。此外,现有的结合深度强化学习和博弈论方法迭代生成对手策略的方法在复杂且具有庞大决策空间的对抗场景下收敛效率低。鉴于此,提出一种基于种群多样性的鲁棒策略生成方法,其中对抗双方各自维护一个种群策略池,并且需要保证种群中的策略是具有多样性的,以此生成鲁棒的目标策略。为了保证种群多样性,将从策略的行为和质量2个视角度量策略的多样性,其中行为多样性是指不同策略状态-动作轨迹的差异性,质量多样性是指不同策略面对相同对手时最终获得的收益的差异性。最后,在典型的具有连续状态、连续动作的对抗环境中验证了所提出的基于种群多样性所生成的策略的鲁棒性。

Preparation and application of perovskite-type oxides for electrocatalysis in oxygen/air electrodes

Recent advances in the preparation and application of perovskite-type oxides as bifunctional electrocatalysts for oxygen reaction and oxygen evolution reaction in rechargeable metal-air batteries are presented in this review.Various fabrication methods of these oxides are introduced in detail,and their advantages and disadvantages are analyzed.Different preparation methods adopted have great influence on the morphologies and physicochemical properties of perovskite-type oxides.As a bifunctional electrocatalyst,perovskite-type oxides are widely used in rechargeable metal-air batteries.The relationship between the preparation methods and the performances of oxygen/air electrodes are summarized.This work is concentrated on the structural stability,the phase compositions,and catalytic performance of perovskite-type oxides in oxygen/air electrodes.The main problems existing in the practical application of perovskite-type oxides as bifunctional electrocatalysts are pointed out and possible research directions in the future are recommended.

正极材料碳修饰锰酸锂的研究进展

尖晶石锰酸锂(LiMn_(2)O_(4))的表面碳修饰不但可抑制锰溶解,还能提高电子电导率,从而提高倍率性能、延长循环寿命。针对碳修饰的LiMn_(2)O_(4)(LiMn_(2)O_(4)/C)作为锂离子电池正极材料的研究进行综述,分析无定形碳、碳纳米管(CNT)和石墨烯等碳修饰对LiMn_(2)O_(4)电化学性能的影响;讨论碳修饰方式的缺陷;指出解决现存问题的方向。