The Flipping-Free Full-Parallax Tabletop Integral Imaging with Enhanced Viewing Angle Based on Space-Multiplexed Voxel Screen and Compound Lens Array

Tabletop integral imaging display with a more realistic and immersive experience has always been a hot spot in three-dimensional imaging technology,widely used in biomedical imaging and visualization to enhance medical diagnosis.However,the traditional structural characteristics of integral imaging display inevitably introduce the flipping effect outside the effective viewing angle.Here,a full-parallax tabletop integral imaging display without the flipping effect based on space-multiplexed voxel screen and compound lens array is demonstrated,and two holographic functional screens with different parameters are optically designed and fabricated.To eliminate the flipping effect in the reconstruction process,the space-multiplexed voxel screen consisting of a projector array and the holographic functional screen is presented to constrain light beams passing through the corresponding lens.To greatly promote imaging quality within the viewing area,the aspherical structure of the compound lens is optimized to balance the aberrations.It cooperates with the holographic functional screen to modulate the light field spatial distribution.Compared with the simulation results,the distortion rate of the imaging display is reduced to less than 9%from more than 30%.In the experiment,the floating high-quality reconstructed three-dimensional image without the flipping effect can be observed with the correct 3D perception at 96°×96°viewing angle,where 44,100 viewpoints are employed.

人工智能在肛肠疾病诊治中的研究进展

过去20 a,人工智能的发展突飞猛进,其越来越多地应用于医学领域,包括医学影像辅助诊疗、健康管理、疾病风险预测等。本文基于深度学习的人工智能辅助检测和诊断系统在肛肠疾病方面的应用现状,总结当前国内外人工智能技术在肛肠疾病诊治方面相关的新方法。主要综述人工智能技术在肛瘘,肛周脓肿,痔疮等肛肠疾病诊治中的研究进展。

Biogeochemistry of sedimentary organic matter in the Yongjiang River estuary in the southern part of Hangzhou Bay,China,since the Late Pleistocene

A sediment core(YJK19-02)collected from the southern outlet of Hangzhou Bay near the Yongjiang River estuary in East China was analyzed for grain size,lignin,bulk elemental composition,stable carbon isotope,and rare earth elements(REEs)to determine the sources and diagenesis of sedimentary organic matter(OM)of the estuary and adjacent areas since the Late Pleistocene.δ^(13)C values(-24.80‰–-23.60‰),total organic carbon/total nitrogen(TOC/TN)molar ratios(8.00–12.14),and light rare earth element/heavy rare earth element ratios(LREE/HREE=8.34–8.91)revealed the predominance of terrestrial sources of OM,mainly from the Changjiang(Yangtze)River.The lignin parameters of syringyl/vanillyl(S/V=0.20–0.73)and cinnamyl/vanillyl(C/V=0.03–0.19)ratios indicate the predominance of nonwoody angiosperms,and the vanillic acid/vanillin ratios[(Ad/Al)_(V)=0.32–1.57]indicate medium to high degrees of lignin degradation.An increasing trend ofΛ(total lignin in mg/100-mg OC)values from ca.14500 a BP to ca.11000 a BP reflected the increase in temperature during the Late Pleistocene.However,a time lag effect of temperature on vegetation abundance was also revealed.The relatively higher and stableΛvalues correspond to the higher temperature during the mid-Holocene from ca.8500 a BP to ca.4500 a BP.Λvalues decreased from ca.4000 a BP to the present,corresponding to historical temperature fluctuations during this time.Our results show that the vegetation abundance in the Yongjiang River Basin since the Late Pleistocene was related to the temperature fluctuation duo to climate change.

Phosphatidic acid-enabled MKL1 contributes to liver regeneration:Translational implication in liver failure

Liver regeneration following injury aids the restoration of liver mass and the recovery of liver function.In the present study we investigated the contribution of megakaryocytic leukemia 1(MKL1),a transcriptional modulator,to liver regeneration.We report that both MKL1 expression and its nuclear translocation correlated with hepatocyte proliferation in cell and animal models of liver regeneration and in liver failure patients.Mice with MKL1 deletion exhibited defective regenerative response in the liver.Transcriptomic analysis revealed that MKL1 interacted with E2F1 to program pro-regenerative transcription.MAPKAPK2 mediated phosphorylation primed MKL1 for its interaction with E2F1.Of interest,phospholipase d2 promoted MKL1 nuclear accumulation and liver regeneration by catalyzing production of phosphatidic acid(PA).PA administration stimulated hepatocyte proliferation and enhanced survival in a MKL1-dependent manner in a pre-clinical model of liver failure.Finally,PA levels was detected to be positively correlated with expression of pro-regenerative genes and inversely correlated with liver injury in liver failure patients.In conclusion,our data reveal a novel mechanism whereby MKL1 contributes to liver regeneration.Screening for small-molecule compounds boosting MKL1 activity may be considered as a reasonable approach to treat acute liver failure.

Phase-tailored assembly and encoding of dissipative soliton molecules

Self-assembly of particle-like dissipative solitons,in the presence of mutual interactions,emphasizes the vibrant concept of soliton molecules in varieties of laser resonators.Controllable manipulation of the molecular patterns,held by the degrees of freedom of internal motions,still remains challenging to explore more efficient and subtle tailoring approaches for the increasing demands.Here,we report a new phase-tailored quaternary encoding format based on the controllable internal assembly of dissipative soliton molecules.Artificial manipulation of the energy exchange of soliton-molecular elements stimulates the deterministic harnessing of the assemblies of internal dynamics.Self-assembled soliton molecules are tailored into four phase-defined regimes,thus constituting the phase-tailored quaternary encoding format.Such phase-tailored streams are endowed with great robustness and are resistant to significant timing jitter.All these results experimentally demonstrate the programmable phase tailoring and exemplify the application of the phase-tailored quaternary encoding,prospectively promoting high-capacity all-optical storage.

Universal dynamics and deterministic motion control of decoherently seeded temporal dissipative solitons via spectral filtering effect

Temporal dissipative solitons have been widely studied in optical systems,which exhibit various localized structures and rich dynamics,and have shown great potential in applications including optical encoding and sensing.Yet,most of the soliton states,as well as the switching dynamics amongst,were fractionally captured or via self-evolution of the system,lacking of control on the soliton motion.While soliton motion control has been widely investigated in coherently seeded optical cavities,such as microresonator-based dissipative solitons,its implementation in decoherently seeded systems,typically the soliton mode-locked lasers,remains an outstanding challenge.Here,we report the universal dynamics and deterministic motion control of temporal dissipative solitons in a mode-locked fibre laser by introducing a scanned spectral filtering effect.We investigate rich switching dynamics corresponding to both the assembly and the disassembly of solitons,revealing a complete and reversible motion from chaotic states to soliton and soliton-molecule states.Significant hysteresis has been recognized in between the redshift and blueshift scan of the motorized optical filter,unveiling the nature of having state bifurcations in dissipative and nonlinear systems.The active soliton motion control enabled by filter scanning highlights the potential prospects of encoding and sensing using soliton molecules.

Zn/Fe bimetallic modified Spartina alterniflora-derived biochar heterostructure with superior catalytic performance for the degradation of malachite green

In this study,the synchronous magnetized carbonization method was utilized for preparing photocatalysis ZnO-Fe@SC heterostructure,which exhibited degradation efficiency 99.14%(60 min)for malachite green(200 mg/L)and could still maintain good performance after 5 cycles.The prepared ZnO-Fe@SC was analyzed using UV-Vis DRS,PL,SEM,TEM,BET,FTIR,XPS and VSM,and LC-MS for degradation products.The results indicate that photocatalyst has favorable magnetic properties,chemical stability and low charge carriers(e^(−)/h^(+))recombination rate.The modification of bimetals enables the composite photocatalyst to enhance the intensity of photogenerated electron transition.Moreover,quenching experiment revealed that the photo-generated holes(h^(+))and superoxide radicals(·O_(2)^(−))were the dominant active species during the photocatalytic process,which degraded malachite green into small molecules by demethylation,deamination,ring-opening reactions as deducted from LC-MS analysis.ZnO-Fe@SC was prepared using a green,safe,low cost and operable synthetic method,which has a broad market potential in the field of environmental remediation.

Prompt learning in computer vision: a survey

Prompt learning has attracted broad attention in computer vision since the large pre-trained visionlanguagemodels (VLMs) exploded. Based on the close relationship between vision and language information builtby VLM, prompt learning becomes a crucial technique in many important applications such as artificial intelligencegenerated content (AIGC). In this survey, we provide a progressive and comprehensive review of visual promptlearning as related to AIGC. We begin by introducing VLM, the foundation of visual prompt learning. Then, wereview the vision prompt learning methods and prompt-guided generative models, and discuss how to improve theefficiency of adapting AIGC models to specific downstream tasks. Finally, we provide some promising researchdirections concerning prompt learning.

Thread-structural microneedles loaded with engineered exosomes for annulus fibrosus repair by regulating mitophagy recovery and extracellular matrix homeostasis

Low back pain is among the most grave public health concerns worldwide and the major clinical manifestation of intervertebral disc degeneration(IVDD).The destruction of annulus fibrosus(AF)is the primary cause of IVDD.A sustainable and stable treatment system for IVDD is lacking because of the special organizational structure and low nutrient supply of AF.We here found that IVDD results in the impaired mitochondrial function of AF tissue,and mitochondrial autophagy(mitophagy)plays a protective role in this process.We therefore reported a thread-structural microneedle(T-MN)matching the ring structure of AF.Based on the adsorption effect of laminin,our T-MN could load with bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes to envelope the regulating mitophagy microRNA(miRNA 378),named as T-MN@EXO@miR378.In general,we offered in situ locking in the defect site of AF to prevent nucleus pulposus leakage and promoted AF repair.The design of the thread structure was aimed at bionically matching the layered AF structure,thereby providing stronger adhesion.The T-MN@EXO@miR378 effectively attached to AF and slowly released therapeutic engineered exosomes,and prevented IVDD progression by restoring mitophagy,promoting AF cell proliferation and migration,and inhibiting the pathological remodeling of the extracellular matrix.This functional system can be used as an excellent tool for sustained drug release and has a certain prospect in substituting the conventional treatment of IVDD.

Improvement of oxytetracycline production mediated via cooperation of resistance genes in Streptomyces rimosus

Increasing the self-resistance levels of Streptomyces is an effective strategy to improve the production of antibiotics.To increase the oxytetracycline(OTC) production in Streptomyces rimosus,we investigated the cooperative effect of three co-overexpressing OTC resistance genes:one gene encodes a ribosomal protection protein(otrA) and the other two express efflux proteins(otrB and otrC).Results indicated that combinational overexpression of otrA,otrB,and otrC(MKABC) exerted a synergetic effect.OTC production increased by 179%in the recombinant strain compared with that of the wild-type strain M4018.The resistance level to OTC was increased by approximately two-fold relative to the parental strain,thereby indicating that applying the cooperative effect of self-resistance genes is useful to improve OTC production.Furthermore,the previously identified cluster-situated activator OtcR was overexpressed in MKABC in constructing the recombinant strain MKRABC;such strain can produce OTC of approximately7.49 g L^((-1)),which represents an increase of 19%in comparison with that of the OtcR-overexpressing strain alone.Our work showed that the cooperative overexpression of self-resistance genes is a promising strategy to enhance the antibiotics production in Streptomyces.

A versatile biosensing platform coupling CRISPR-Cas12a and aptamers for detection of diverse analytes

Rapid and sensitive detection of various analytes is in high demand.Apart from its application in genome editing,CRISPR-Cas also shows promises in nucleic acid detection applications.To further exploit the potential of CRISPR-Cas for detection of diverse analytes,we present a versatile biosensing platform that couples the excellent affinity of aptamers for broad-range analytes with the collateral single-strand DNA cleavage activity of CRISPR-Cas12 a.We demonstrated that the biosensors developed by this platform can be used to detect protein and small molecule in human serum with a complicated background,i.e.,the tumor marker alpha fetoprotein and cocaine with the detection limits of 0.07 fmol/L and 0.34 lmol/L,respectively,highlighting the advantages of simplicity,sensitivity,short detection time,and low cost compared with the state-of-the-art biosensing approaches.Altogether,this biosensing platform with plug-and-play design show great potential in the detection of diverse analytes.

Estimating the Parental Magma Composition and Temperature of the Xiaohaizi Cumulate-Bearing Ultramafic Rock: Implication for Magma Evolution of the Tarim Large Igneous Province, Northwestern China

The ultramafic dikes in the Tarim large igneous province（Tarim LIP）, exposed in the Xiaohaizi area in the northwestern Tarim Basin of northwestern China, have porphyritic textures, and the olivine and clinopyroxene are as the major phenocryst phases. The groundmass therein consists of clinopyroxene, plagioclase and Fe-Ti oxides, with the cryptocrystalline texture. The olivine phenocrysts in one typical ultramafic dike have Fo（Mg/（Mg＋Fe）） numbers ranging from 73 to 85, which are not in equilibrium with the olivine（Mg# of 89） from the host rock crystalized. Combined with microscope observation, both the olivine and clinopyroxene phenocrysts as well as some Fe-Ti oxides in the ultramafic rock are accounted as cumulates. The liquid（parental magma） composition of SiO2 of 45.00 wt.%–48.82 wt.%, MgO of 9.93 wt.%– 18.56 wt.%, FeO of 5.85 wt.%–14.17 wt.%, CaO of 7.54 wt.%–11.52 wt.%, Al2O3 of 8.70 wt.%–11.62 wt.% and TiO2 of 0.00 wt.%–3.43 wt.% in the Xiaohaizi ultramafic rock was estimated by mass balance, and the results show a reasonable liquid proportion in the cumulate-bearing ultramafic dike（ca. 45%–60% in the whole rock）. The estimated parental magma composition corresponds to a melting temperature of 1 300–1 550 oC, which is equal or higher than those of a normal asthenosphere mantle, supporting the involvement of a mantle plume. Combined with other previous studies, an evolution model for the formation processes of the Xiaohaizi ultramafic dike of the Tarim LIP is proposed.

Integrating PCR-free amplification and synergistic sensing for ultrasensitive and rapid CRISPR/Cas12a-based SARS-CoV-2 antigen detection

Antigen detection provides particularly valuable information for medical diagnoses;however,the current detection methods are less sensitive and accurate than nucleic acid analysis.The combination of CRISPR/Cas12a and aptamers provides a new detection paradigm,but sensitive sensing and stable amplification in antigen detection remain challenging.Here,we present a PCR-free multiple trigger dsDNA tandem-based signal amplification strategy and a de novo designed dual aptamer synergistic sensing strategy.Integration of these two strategies endowed the CRISPR/Cas12a and aptamer-based method with ultra-sensitive,fast,and stable antigen detection.In a demonstration of this method,the limit of detection was at the single virus level(0.17 fM,approximately two copies/μL)in SARS-CoV-2 antigen nucleocapsid protein analysis of saliva or serum samples.The entire procedure required only 20 min.Given our system’s simplicity and modular setup,we believe that it could be adapted reasonably easily for general applications in CRISPR/Cas12a-aptamer-based detection.

High-throughput and reliable acquisition of in vivo turnover number fuels precise metabolic engineering

As synthetic biology enters the era of quantitative biology,mathematical information such as kinetic parameters of enzymes can offer us an accurate knowledge of metabolism and growth of cells,and further guidance on precision metabolic engineering.k_(cat),termed the turnover number,is a basic parameter of enzymes that describes the maximum number of substrates converted to products each active site per unit time.It reflects enzyme activity and is essential for quantitative understanding of biosystems.Usually,the k_(cat) values are measured in vitro,thus may not be able to reflect the enzyme activity in vivo.In this case,Davidi et al.defined a surrogate K^(vivo)_(max)(k_(app))for kcat and developed a high throughput method to acquire K^(vivo)_(max)from omics data.Heckmann et al.and Chen et al.proved that the surrogate parameter can be a good embodiment of the physiological state of enzymes and exhibit superior performance for enzyme-constrained metabolic model to the default one.These breakthroughs will fuel the development of system and synthetic biology.

Regulatory perspective of antibiotic biosynthesis in Streptomyces

Streptomycetes are Gram-positive bacteria with high GC DNA content. They produce the most abundant secondary metabolites including over two-thirds of the clinically used antibiotics of natural origin (Barka et al., 2016), for example,the important broad-spectrum antimicrobials oxytetracycline(OTC) and chlortetracycline, which are the tetracycline antibiotics。

Petrogenesis of the Granites in the Yandangshan Area, Southeastern China: Constraints from SHRIMP U-Pb Zircon Age and Trace Elements, and Sr-Nd-Hf Isotopic Data

New geochemical and geochronological data of two types of granites,which are located in Yandangshan area,southeastern Zhejiang Province,were presented to constrain their magma condition,origin and the genetic relationship between them.The SHRIMP zircon U-Pb dating of Dongshan and Hesheng granite in Yandangshan area shows that they were formed at 114±1 and 103±2 Ma,respectively.Samples from the Dongshan granite have high Si O2(76.4 wt.%–76.9 wt.%)and total alkaline(K2O+Na2O=8.35 wt.%–8.47 wt.%)contents,but low Fe OT(0.89 wt.%–1.15 wt.%),Mg O(0.21 wt.%–0.22wt.%),and Ca O(0.24 wt.%–0.34 wt.%)contents and high A/CNK(~1.1)values,belonging to the peraluminous and magnesian granite.The Hesheng granite has high Si O2(72.2 wt.%–77.5 wt.%),total alkaline(K2O+Na2O=8.05 wt.%–9.41 wt.%)and Fe OT contents(1.20–2.06),and high A/CNK values(1.0–1.1),but low in Mg O(0.12 wt.%–0.29 wt.%)and Ca O(0.24 wt.%–0.34 wt.%)contents.Samples from the Hesheng granite also have high Fe OT/Mg O(6.9–10.0)and 10 000×Ga/Al(2.6–3.4)ratios similar to the ferroan/A-type granite.All the samples are enriched in LREE but have produced negative Eu anomalies(Eu/Eu*Dongshan=0.45–0.47;Eu/Eu*Hesheng=0.17–0.55),Ba,Nb,and Ta,while the REE contents of the ferroan/A-type granite(Hesheng)are higher than that of the magnesian granite(Dongshan).The(87Sr/86Sr)i value of the magnesian granite is slightly higher than that of the ferroan/A-type granite and itsεNd(t)value(-6.8)is lower than the latter(-6.0–-5.9).In addition,theεHf(t)value(-11.8–-4.2)of magnesian granite is also lower than that of the ferroan/A-type granite(-8.3–-2.0),indicating that there may be more mantle-derived components in the source area of the ferroan/A-type granite.Zircon saturation thermometer(TZr)and Ti-in-zircon thermometer(TZircon)are used to estimate the temperature of the magma source,and the results show that the magma temperature of the magnesian granite(average TZr=798oC;average TZircon=792oC)is lower than that of the ferroan/A-type granite(average TZr=862oC;average TZircon=859oC).And the oxygen fugacity of magnesian granite(ΔFMQ=1.16–3.47)are also higher than those of the ferroan/A-type granite(ΔFMQ=-0.41–1.14).Our new data indicate that both granites in this study are derived from a mixed source that consists of mantle-derived and crust-derived material.Based on the previous studies,both of the granitic plutons were formed under extension setting,and the granites transformed from magnesian to ferroan in the study area may indicate the extension was enhanced,which may be caused by the roll-back or delamination of the Paleo-Pacific oceanic slab.

Development of a pyrF-based counterselectable system for targeted gene deletion in Streptomyces rimosus

Streptomyces produces many valuable and important biomolecules with clinical and pharmaceutical applications.The development of simple and highly efficient gene editing tools for genetic modification of Streptomyces is highly desirable.In this study,we developed a screening system for targeted gene knockout using a uracil auxotrophic host(ΔpyrF)resistant to the highly toxic uracil analog of 5-fluoroorotic acid(5-FOA)converted by PyrF,and a non-replicative vector pKC1132-pyrF carrying the complemented pyrF gene coding for orotidine-5'-phosphate decarboxylase.The pyrF gene acts as a positive selection and counterselection marker for recombinants during genetic modifications.Single-crossover homologous integration mutants were selected on minimal medium without uracil by reintroducing pyrF along with pKC1132-pyrF into the genome of the mutantΔpyrF at the targeted locus.Double-crossover recombinants were generated,from which the pyrF gene,plasmid backbone,and targeted gene were excised through homologous recombination exchange.These recombinants were rapidly screened by the counterselection agent,5-FOA.We demonstrated the feasibility and advantage of using this pyrF-based screening system through deleting the otcR gene,which encodes the cluster-situated regulator that directly activates oxytetracycline biosynthesis in Streptomyces rimosus M4018.This system provides a new genetic tool for investigating the genetic characteristics of Streptomyces species.

What is an effective cardiopulmonary resuscitation training mode?

To the Editor:Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest(OHCA)is a serious threat to people's lives and safety.The annual incidence of OHCA in North America is approximately 55/100,000,and it is approximately 59/100,000 in Asia.[1,2]How can the success rate of resuscitation be improved in patients with cardiac arrest?The American Heart Association(AHA)and the European Resuscitation Council have put forward their own cardiopulmonary resuscitation(CPR)guidelines,which are constantly updated with the latest research evidence.CPR training is also an important part of the guidelines.[3,4]Chinese colleagues also try to improve the success rate of rescuing patients with cardiac arrest based on the experience of their international counterparts and combine it with Chinese characteristics.CPR training is in full swing,which includes the training of first responders and medical staff.