碳中和目标下中国天然气工业进展、挑战及对策

天然气在21世纪中叶将迈入“鼎盛期”,“天然气时代”正在到来。回顾全球天然气工业历程,梳理美国页岩革命启示,总结中国天然气发展历史与成果进展,分析天然气在能源绿色低碳转型中的地位与挑战,提出当前和未来中国天然气工业的发展对策。中国天然气工业经历了起步、增长、跨越3个发展阶段,已成为世界第4大天然气生产国与第3大消费国;天然气勘探开发理论技术取得重大成就,为储量产量规模增长提供了重要支撑。碳中和目标下,推动绿色可持续发展,天然气工业发展挑战与机遇并存。天然气低碳优势显著,“气电调峰”助力新能源发展;同时,开采难度与成本加大等问题更突出。为保障国家能源安全,实现经济社会与生态环境和谐共生,碳中和进程中,立足“统筹布局、科技创新;多能互补、多元融合;灵活高效、优化升级”,完善产供储销体系建设,加速推动天然气工业发展:①加大天然气勘探开发力度,规划部署重点勘探开发领域,突破关键理论,强化技术攻关,持续支撑增储上产;②推进天然气绿色创新发展,突破新技术,拓展新领域,融合新能源;③优化天然气供需转型升级,加大管道气、液化天然气布局和地下储气库建设,建立储备体系,提升应急调节能力和天然气一次能源消费比例,助力能源消费结构转型,实现资源利用低碳化、能源消费清洁化。

中国页岩气新区带、新层系和新类型勘探进展、挑战及对策

近年来,中国页岩气聚焦“三新”(尚未开展工作或工作程度低的新区带、新层系及新类型)领域,加大理论攻关与勘探力度,页岩气增储上产再上新台阶。基于中国页岩气“三新”领域理论与勘探新进展,分析其勘探特点、变化趋势和发展前景,探索中国特殊页岩气地质理论,明确页岩气发展挑战与对策。结果表明:中国在四川盆地及邻区创新建立了五峰组-龙马溪组特色的高-过成熟度海相页岩气富集理论,累计发现页岩气田9个,探明页岩气地质储量近3×10^(12)m^(3),形成了450×10^(8)m^(3)/a的页岩气产能,年产页岩气250×10^(8)m^(3)。明确了近年来中国页岩气“三新”领域勘探具三大特点:①四川盆地及邻区五峰组-龙马溪组在深层、极浅层勘探取得重大新发展;②四川盆地筇竹寺组和吴家坪组等多个新层系实现新突破;③鄂尔多斯盆地西缘乌拉力克组获得新发现,东缘山西组取得新突破。页岩气“三新”领域的勘探实现了三大战略性转变:①目标由单一类型、单一盆地和单一层系转变为多类型、多盆地和多层系;②选区由盆内或盆缘为主转变为盆内、盆缘兼顾盆外弱改造区;③思路由纯粹富有机质页岩转变为富有机质页岩系统。通过梳理中国页岩气“三新”领域勘探挑战,指出“三新”领域是中国页岩气可持续发展的方向,并提出了下一步发展对策。

中国断陷和坳陷湖盆高可容纳空间层序细粒重力流沉积及其页岩油意义

重力流包括粗粒和细粒重力流,是深湖环境最重要的沉积类型之一,其中,细粒重力流能成为非常规页岩油的“甜点段”。研究该沉积在陆相湖盆层序格架中的分布规律,对页岩油“甜点段”的预测具有重要意义。作者通过对中国主要湖盆重力流发育与层序格架的系统对比研究发现,重力流沉积体系主要发育在高可容纳空间沉积层序中。断陷湖盆的低位域(LST)湖底扇近端发育粗粒重力流沉积,远端发育薄层细粒重力流沉积,其分布受沟谷和同沉积构造坡折的控制。水进体系域(TST)发育细粒水道—堤—朵叶体系。高位体系域(HST)发育非限定水道湖底扇,细粒重力流沉积分布在扇的远端。坳陷湖盆的水进体系域(TST)主要发育受洪泛影响的大型细粒水道—堤—朵叶体系,而在湖盆挠曲坡折的较陡斜坡发育细粒湖底扇体系。高位域(HST)及低位域(LST)既可形成细粒湖底扇体系,也可发育细粒的水道—堤—朵叶体系。分布在湖底扇远端和水道—堤—朵叶体系的细粒重力流沉积能形成页岩油的“甜点段”。泥流沉积形成页理型“甜点段”,细粒碎屑流、细粒浊流、细粒异重流和细粒过渡流沉积形成纹层型、层理型“甜点段”,细粒浓缩密度流沉积只形成层理型“甜点段”。细粒重力流沉积是页岩油勘探开发的有利“甜点段”。

碳中和背景下世界能源转型与中国式现代化能源革命

全球碳中和共识与地区冲突加剧的背景下,新能源已成为各个国家实现能源安全和绿色发展的主要方向。以风能、光能、地热能、氢能、储能、可控核聚变等为代表的新能源技术和规模优势正在不断增强,低成本风能、太阳能、储能将支撑全球能源转型,新能源生产与利用进入快速发展时期,2022年世界新能源消费平均占比达18.2%,预计2050年占比达到55%左右。世界能源在资源、消费地域、技术发展、人均消费量、节能领域、碳排放等存在分布不均的情况,化石能源低碳化提速、新能源规模化提速、能源管理智慧化提速的“三化提速”推动世界能源加快转型。中国式现代化强调人与自然和谐共生,积极稳妥推进碳达峰碳中和,深入推进能源革命,坚持“六性原则”,即能源生产的“独立性”、能源供给的“绿色性”、能源储备的“安全性”、能源消费的“高效性”、能源管理的“智慧性”、能源成本的“经济性”,加快规划建设新能源为主、新电力为主、新储能为主、新智慧能源为主“四个为主”绿色智慧的新型能源体系,确保能源安全。目前中国是能源大国但不是能源强国,能源消费结构有待进一步优化。中国能源安全发展新战略是能源消费革命、能源供给革命、能源技术革命、能源体制革命、全方面加强国际合作的“四个革命、一个合作”,推动中国能源革命和能源供应格局转变,由2022年含碳化石能源消费占比80%以上、碳基能源CO_(2)排放80%以上,转变到2060年非碳新能源消费占比80%以上、CO_(2)排放减少80%以上。加快新能源革命是建设能源强国、实现中国能源独立与民族复兴的战略选择,对实现“双碳”目标、构建新型绿色能源体系与建立绿色生态地球意义重大。

碳中和“超级能源系统”内涵、路径及意义——以鄂尔多斯盆地为例

超级含油气盆地为推动社会进步和人类发展提供了能源基础,在气候变化与“碳达峰碳中和”背景下,构建兼顾能源生产与碳中和的“超级能源系统”是转型方向。在加快构建以新能源、新电力、新储能、新智能“四新为主”的绿色+智慧能源体系框架下,以巨量地下煤炭/石油/天然气/地热与地上丰富风光能源资源高度叠合、化石能源与新能源融合协同开发利用的区域性智慧用能系统构成的“超级能源系统”与以碳循环为主线的碳中和系统相融合,在传统含油气盆地中研究选择具备建成世界级能源生产与碳中和示范大基地条件的碳中和“超级能源盆地”。鄂尔多斯盆地区位优势明显,化石能源和新能源资源丰富,CO_(2)源汇匹配优势显著,具备建成世界级能源生产与碳中和盆地的基础条件,以鄂尔多斯盆地为代表的碳中和“超级能源盆地”给出了传统含油气盆地转型方向。“煤炭+石油+天然气+新能源+CCUS(碳捕集、利用与封存)/CCS(碳捕集与封存)”融合发展理念与模式下,盆地区域内基本实现碳中和,进一步夯实能源生产保供能力,助力“双碳”目标实现,建立现代能源产业体系,推动地区绿色可持续发展。在中国率先建成以鄂尔多斯盆地为代表的世界级碳中和“超级能源系统”示范盆地,将重塑超级能源盆地勘探开发新理念与新模式,对全球“碳中和”下的能源革命具有重大意义。

水系双离子电池的研究进展与展望

随着消费电子、电动汽车与规模储能产业的迅速发展,人们对电化学储能技术的安全高效提出了更高的要求。然而,锂离子电池(LIBs)存在的安全隐患问题制约了其在规模储能市场的应用。水系双离子电池(ADIBs)是一类以水系电解液作为离子传输介质且阴、阳离子均作为载流子同时参与电极电化学反应的新型储能技术,具有安全性能优异、功率密度高、绿色环保、性价比高等优势,在大规模储能领域具有潜在的应用前景。本综述从ADIBs的基本工作原理以及限制其发展的关键科学问题出发,归纳了近年来从电解液设计角度出发,拓宽电化学稳定电压窗口的几种常用方法,并总结了在正极和负极材料优化、储能机理研究方面取得的重要进展。最后,基于对ADIBs的理解,对其研究前景和未来研究方向进行了展望。本文将为水系储能电池研究的工作者提供参考,并为推动ADIBs的发展和促进高安全储能技术的进步发挥积极作用。

Development,challenges and strategies of natural gas industry under carbon neutral target in China

In the mid-21st century,natural gas will enter its golden age,and the era of natural gas is arriving.This paper reviews the development stages of global natural gas industry and the enlightenment of American shale gas revolution,summarizes the development history and achievements of the natural gas industry in China,analyzes the status and challenges of natural gas in the green and low-carbon energy transition,and puts forward the natural gas industry development strategies under carbon neutral target in China.The natural gas industry in China has experienced three periods:start,growth,and leap forward.At present,China has become the fourth largest natural gas producer and third largest natural gas consumer in the world,and has made great achievements in natural gas exploration and development theory and technology,providing important support for the growth of production and reserves.China has set its goal of carbon neutrality to promote green and sustainable development,which brings opportunities and challenges for natural gas industry.Natural gas has significant low-carbon advantages,and gas-electric peak shaving boosts new energy development;the difficulty and cost of development are more prominent.For the national energy security and harmonious development between economy and ecology under the carbon neutral goal,based on the principle of"comprehensive planning,technological innovation,multi-energy complementarity,diversified integration,flexibility and efficiency,optimization and upgrading",the construction of the production-supplystorage-marketing system has to be improved so as to boost the development of the natural gas industry.First,it is necessary to strengthen efforts in the exploration and development of natural gas,making projects and arrangement in key exploration and development areas,meanwhile,it is urgent to make breakthroughs in key science theories and technologies,so as to increase reserve and production.Second,it should promote green and innovative development of the natural gas by developing new techniques,expanding new fields and integrating with new energy.Third,there is a demand to realize transformation and upgrading of the supply and demand structure of natural gas by strengthening the layout of pipeline gas,liquefied natural gas and the construction of underground gas storage,establishing reserve system for improving abilities of emergency response and adjustment,raising the proportion of natural gas in the primary energy consumption and contributing to the transformation of energy consumption structure,realizing low-carbon resources utilization and clean energy consumption.

Connotation,pathway and significance of carbon neutrality“super energy system”:A case study of the Ordos Basin,NW China

Super oil and gas basins provide the energy foundation for social progress and human development.In the context of climate change and carbon peak and carbon neutrality goals,constructing an integrated energy and carbon neutrality system that balances energy production and carbon reduction becomes crucial for the transformation of such basins.Under the framework of a green and intelligent energy system primarily based on“four news”,new energy,new electricity,new energy storage,and new intelligence,integrating a“super energy system”composed of a huge amount of underground resources of coal,oil,gas and heat highly overlapping with abundant wind and solar energy resources above ground,and a regional intelligent energy consumption system with coordinated development and utilization of fossil energy and new energy,with a carbon neutrality system centered around carbon cycling is essential.This paper aims to select the traditional oil and gas basins as“super energy basins”with the conditions to build world-class energy production and demonstration bases for carbon neutrality.The Ordos Basin has unique regional advantages,including abundant fossil fuel and new energy resources,as well as matching CO_(2)sources and sinks,position it as a carbon neutrality“super energy basin”which explores the path of transformation of traditional oil and gas basins.Under the integrated development concept and mode of“coal+oil+gas+new energy+carbon capture,utilization and storage(CCUS)/carbon capture and storage(CCS)”,the carbon neutrality in super energy basin is basically achieved,which enhance energy supply and contribute to the carbon peak and carbon neutrality goals,establish a modern energy industry and promote regional green and sustainable development.The pioneering construction of the world-class carbon neutrality“super energy system”demonstration basin in China represented by the Ordos Basin will reshape the new concept and new mode of exploration and development of super energy basins,which is of great significance to the global energy revolution under carbon neutrality.

全球页岩油形成分布潜力及中国陆相页岩油理论技术进展

全球非常规页岩层系油气资源丰富,富有机质页岩主要沉积在劳亚构造域和特提斯构造域的上侏罗统、渐新统—中新统、白垩系和上泥盆统4套页岩层系内。交汇分析北美典型页岩油区块产量与R_(o)数据关系,提出R_(o)为0.7%作为低熟页岩油和中高熟页岩油的界限,系统评价了全球116个盆地157套页岩层系中高熟页岩油、低熟页岩油技术可采资源量约2512亿t,主要分布在北美洲、南美洲、北非和俄罗斯,以前陆盆地中新界、克拉通盆地古生界、裂谷盆地和被动大陆边缘盆地的中生界为主。海相页岩油受显生宙以来的海侵影响,富集在稳定克拉通和前陆等类型盆地中,具大面积稳定分布、成熟度适中等特征;陆相页岩油受暖室期气候影响,主要在坳陷、断陷等类型盆地中发育,以微纳米级无机孔隙和微页理裂缝为主要储渗空间通道,具有沉积相横向变化大、“甜点区段”局部富集等特征。中国石油工业正经历从“陆相页岩生油”向“陆相页岩产油”转变,初步形成源岩油气“进源找油”地质理论、陆相页岩油高效勘探及低成本开发技术体系,推动中国陆相页岩油取得重要突破。着力加强应用基础理论研究与关键技术攻关,构建地质-工程一体化模式,强化全生命周期管理理念,加快中高熟页岩油“压裂人工油藏”工业化发展,加强低熟页岩油“加热原位转化”技术攻关与工业化试验,推动实现中国“陆相页岩油革命”,夯实“稳油增气”资源基础。

世界能源转型革命与绿色智慧能源体系内涵及路径

能源体系转型的实质是“能源革命”。以化石能源为主体的“资源主导”型能源体系发展至今,推动人类进步,但也引发能源危机与生态环境危机,与新一轮科技革命、产业变革和人类可持续发展的新需求不相适应,亟待研究和发展碳中和背景下的新型能源体系。在新能源、新电力、新储能“三新”为主体的“技术主导”绿色智慧能源新体系框架下,以鄂尔多斯盆地为代表的“超级能源盆地”理念将重塑未来能源勘探开发的理念与模式。鉴于世界能源的“六个不均”和中国“富煤、油气不足、新能源无限”资源禀赋,深入推进“中国能源革命”,坚持能源生产独立性、供给绿色性、储备安全性、消费高效性、管理智慧性、成本经济性的“六性原则”;强化“能源科技创新”,实施技术主导下的煤炭清洁化、稳油和增气、新能源提速、绿色与智慧“四大科创工程”;实现“能源转型”,加快绿色主导下的化石能源清洁化、新能源规模化、集中分布协同化、多能管理智慧化“四化发展”,推动中国能源结构“两个80%”互换,构建绿色智慧能源新体系。

碳中和战略背景下建设碳工业体系的进展、挑战及意义

全球气候变化与碳中和背景下,CO_(2)封存利用已成为人类绿色发展的必然趋势与选择。以CO_(2)捕集、利用与封存/CO_(2)捕集与封存(CCUS/CCS)为核心的碳工业,正成为碳中和目标下的新兴战略产业,规模可持续发展需借鉴全球油气工业发展路径。地球系统发育3种“碳”,黑碳是未被封存或利用并长期留存在大气圈中的CO_(2),灰碳是被固定或永久封存在地质体中的CO_(2),蓝碳是通过生物、物理、化学等方式可转化为人类利用产品的CO_(2)。碳工业体系覆盖碳产生、碳捕集、碳运输、碳利用、碳封存、碳产品、碳金融等业务,是彻底消除“黑碳”的革命性领域。研发以碳减排、零碳、负碳及碳经济为内涵的碳工业技术体系,构建以CCUS/CCS为基础的低成本、高能效的碳工业体系,是世界各国实现碳中和目标和能源清洁利用的战略举措,利于推动4个“80%”的中国能源供应格局转变,即由2021年含碳化石能源消费占比80%以上、化石能源CO_(2)排放80%以上,转变为2060年非碳新能源占比80%以上、CO_(2)排放减少80%以上,保障实现80×108t碳减排总量与碳中和战略目标。中国碳工业发展面临CO_(2)排放量偏大、煤炭占比偏高和创新体系偏弱3方面挑战,针对性提出3条应对举措:(1)坚定不移开展碳工业体系建设,保障2060年前如期实现碳中和;(2)大力发展新能源,推动中国能源生产与消费结构实现革命性转换;(3)加快建立全产业的碳工业科技创新体系。发展碳工业体系,利用清洁化能源,实现全球碳中和战略目标,对持续优化生态环境、构建绿色地球与生态地球意义重大。

典型碳酸盐岩大气田规模聚集差异性及其主控因素——以四川盆地安岳气田和鄂尔多斯盆地靖边气田为例

四川盆地安岳气田和鄂尔多斯盆地靖边气田分别是中国迄今为止发现的总体规模最大和单层规模最大的两个海相碳酸盐岩特大型气田。基于对成藏体系理论中的气藏源-位结构、油气成藏过程及关键要素时-空配置等的解剖,认为安岳气田和靖边气田发育多种源-位结构,烃源体-圈闭体高效配置,但安岳气田为继承性古隆起上的古油藏裂解气“原位”聚集成藏,而靖边气田为斜坡背景构造转换枢纽带调整成藏。三大关键因素控制安岳和靖边两类大气田的规模富集:(1)烃源体均经历异常热事件,热流值超过70 mW/m^(2)的热事件持续时间约70 Myr,不同类型烃源体已充分裂解并形成以甲烷为主的气体,气源充足;(2)发育有利岩相叠加岩溶作用的多层叠置规模优质储集体,有良好的储集空间;(3)发育构造、构造-岩性、地层-岩性、岩性等多类型规模圈闭体,具备规模有效聚集场所。古油藏范围内或邻近烃源体的高能滩体与岩性致密带匹配区是下一步寻找规模天然气聚集的有利勘探领域。

World's Energy Transition and Chinese-style Modern Energy Revolution under Carbon Neutrality(Ⅰ)

Under global consensus on carbon neutrality and the intensification of regional conflicts,new energy has become the primary direction for various countries to achieve energy security and green development.Represented by wind,solar,geothermal,hydrogen and stored energy,and controllable nuclear fusion,the technological and scale advantages of new energy are being continuously strengthened.Low-cost wind,solar,and stored energy will support the global energy transition.The production and utilization of new energy enter a rapid development phase.In 2022,the average global consumption of new energy accounted for 18.2%,and it is expected to reach around 55%by 2050.The distribution of the world's energy resources,consumption regions,technological development,per capita consumption,energy-saving fields,and carbon emissions is uneven.The acceleration of low-carbon development in fossil fuels,the scale-up of renewable energy,and the intelligentization of energy management drives the rapid transition of global energy.

World’s Energy Transition and Chinese-style Modern Energy Revolution under Carbon Neutrality (Ⅱ)

Chinese-style modernization emphasizes the harmonious coexistence of man and nature and actively yet prudently promotes carbon peak and carbon neutrality.It delves deeply into the energy revolution,upholding the following principles:the“independence”of energy production,the“green”energy supply,the“security”of energy reserves,the“efficiency”of energy consumption,the“intelligence”of energy management,and the“economy”of energy costs.Efforts are being made to accelerate the planning and construction of a new type of energy system that is green and smart,with new energy,new electricity,new stored energy,and new smart energy as the mainstays,to ensure energy security.Currently,China is an energy power but not an energy superpower,and its energy consumption structure still needs further optimization.China’s new energy security strategy is composed of energy consumption revolution,energy supply revolution,energy technology revolution,and energy system revolution,complemented by comprehensive strengthening of international cooperation.This approach is aimed at advancing China’s energy revolution and transforming the nation’s energy supply pattern and shifting from a consumption mix in 2022.

中国湖盆细粒重力流沉积作用及其对页岩油“甜点段”发育的影响

通过分析中国陆相湖盆细粒重力流沉积作用的地质条件和过程,建立湖盆细粒重力流沉积模式,揭示细粒沉积和源储发育规律,识别页岩油“甜点段”。研究表明:细粒重力流是深湖环境中重要的沉积作用之一,能把浅水细粒碎屑和有机质搬运到深湖,有利于形成优质烃源岩和页岩油的“甜点段”。中国湖盆深水环境发育的细粒重力流沉积主要是细粒浓缩密度流、细粒浊流(包括浪涌状浊流和细粒异重流)、细粒黏性流(包括细粒碎屑流和泥流)和细粒过渡流沉积。温暖湿润的气候条件下,湖平面升降、洪泛事件和湖底古地貌控制欠补偿型湖盆细粒重力流的沉积分布。湖平面上升期,洪水引发的细粒异重流在湖盆地形平坦的深湖区形成“细粒水道—堤岸—朵叶”体系。湖平面下降期,坳陷湖盆的挠曲坡折及沉积斜坡部位、断陷湖盆的陡坡带发育非限定水道为主的湖底扇体系,断陷湖盆的缓坡及轴向发育限定或非限定水道湖底扇体系,湖底扇扇缘可发育细粒重力流沉积。湖盆四级沉积层序水进可形成富有机质页岩和细粒异重流的沉积,水退可引起细粒浓缩密度流、浪涌状浊流、细粒碎屑流、泥流和细粒过渡流沉积。二叠纪以来中国湖盆页岩层系多个四级层序水进-水退旋回形成了多套源储组合,中国湖盆多样的细粒重力流沉积作用形成了由细粒浓缩密度流、细粒异重流、浪涌状浊流沉积形成的薄层粉砂岩“甜点段”,由细粒过渡流形成的泥岩与粉砂互层的“甜点段”,由细粒碎屑流、泥流沉积等形成的含粉砂屑和泥屑的水平层理泥页岩“甜点段”。湖盆细粒重力流沉积模式的建立,对科学评价页岩油“甜点段”和优质烃源岩具重要意义。

地下储氢库发展现状及气藏型储氢库高效建库十大技术挑战

地下储氢技术利用地下构造空间实现氢气大规模高压气态储存,具有安全性高、成本低、规模大、周期长的优势,但中国地下储氢库研究起步较晚,尚无地下构造空间储氢实践,亟待形成完整的地下储氢库高效建库方案。为此,在总结国内外用于地下储氢构造空间的类型,回顾地下储氢技术发展历史与现状的基础上,系统梳理了气藏型储氢库高效建库亟待解决的十大技术挑战,研究结果表明:①气藏型地下储氢库的潜在库址与新能源发电资源具有高度的空间重合,便于绿电就地消纳,最适宜我国大规模发展;②气藏型地下储氢库高效建库需重点解决十大技术挑战,即完整性与选址地质评价、氢气与储层介质的反应机理、氢损耗及氢纯度对储氢效率的影响、垫层气类型与占比优选、注采渗流理论与库容设计、氢用特种管材及管道工程关键技术、建库及注采工程关键技术装备、运行期监测与动态分析、风险评估与应急处置方案、生命周期评估等。结论认为:①中国发展地下储氢库具有潜在枯竭/衰竭气藏库址众多的资源优势,复杂地质条件储气库创新实践的技术优势,氢能产业链上下游协同发展的产业优势和未来市场应用前景广阔的规模优势,具备实现工业化发展的条件和基础;②针对气藏型储氢库建库难题,需开展系统性技术攻关,构建地质综合选址评价体系,优化储库注采运行方案,研发氢用配套管材与设备,形成运营监测与风险管理系统,建立适应中国地质条件的综合建库理论技术体系。

陆相黑色页岩沉积环境及有机质富集机制——以鄂尔多斯盆地长7段为例

【目的】元素地球化学特征分析与古环境恢复是深入认识页岩层系中有机质富集机制的重要前提。【方法】以鄂尔多斯盆地三叠系延长组7段沉积时期湖盆不同相带(浅湖、滨浅湖、半深湖—深湖)的黑色页岩为研究对象,开展了5口代表性钻井长7段页岩的岩石学、古生物学、有机地球化学、元素地球化学等分析,以此探讨陆相黑色页岩的沉积环境及其有机质富集机制。【结果】鄂尔多斯湖盆长7段页岩层系不同黑色页岩层段(长7_(3)、长7_(2)和长7_(1)亚段)具有差异地球化学特征与沉积环境:(1)长7_(3)页岩有机质最为富集(TOC平均含量约为8.21%),其异常高有机质页岩最厚,其次为长7_(1)和长7_(2);(2)主、微量元素特征显示湖盆长7段沉积时期总体上为岛弧及活动大陆边缘构造背景,以长英质与基性岩混合的物源为主,含少量安山岩岛弧物源,但长7_(3)时期陆源碎屑输入强度明显低于长7_(2)与长7_(1);(3)较高CIAcorr和Cvalue值表明长7段沉积时期整体处于高温多雨湿润气候,其中长7_(3)时期温度与湿度最高;(4)Sr/Ba和Rb/K_(2)O比值指示长7_(3)时期整体为淡水环境,并局部发生微咸化,而长7_(2)和长7_(1)表现为相对稳定的淡水环境。【结论】通过对长7段典型火山灰层上、下黑色页岩高精度地球化学特征对比分析,并结合长7不同时期火山活动特征与有机质富集主控因素探讨,认为鄂尔多斯盆地长7黑色页岩有机质富集,特别是异常高有机质规模富集,与火山活动(喷发)事件密切相关:火山活动能够引发一系列连锁效应,包括“迟滞”期初级生产力“爆发式”增长、水体还原性增强等,从而有利于异常高有机质规模沉积。

Progress, challenge and significance of building a carbon industry system in the context of carbon neutrality strategy

Carbon dioxide storage and utilization has become an inevitable trend and choice for sustainable development under the background of global climate change and carbon neutrality.Carbon industry which is dominated by CO_(2) capture,utilization and storage/CO_(2) capture and storage(CCUS/CCS)is becoming a new strategic industry under the goal of carbon neutrality.The sustainable development of carbon industry needs to learn from the experiences of global oil and gas industry development.There are three types of“carbon”in the earth system.Black carbon is the CO_(2) that has not been sequestered or used and remains in the atmosphere for a long time;grey carbon is the CO_(2) that has been fixed or permanently sequestered in the geological body,and blue carbon is the CO_(2) that could be converted into products for human use through biological,physical,chemical and other ways.The carbon industry system covers carbon generation,carbon capture,carbon transportation,carbon utilization,carbon sequestration,carbon products,carbon finance,and other businesses.It is a revolutionary industrial field to completely eliminate“black carbon”.The development of carbon industry technical system takes carbon emission reduction,zero carbon,negative carbon and carbon economy as the connotation,and the construction of a low-cost and energy-efficient carbon industry system based on CCUS/CCS are strategic measures to achieve the goal of carbon neutrality and clean energy utilization globally.This will promote the“four 80%s”transformation of China's energy supply,namely,to 2060,the percentage of zero-carbon new energy in the energy consumption will be over 80%and the CO_(2) emission will be decreased by 80%to ensure the carbon emission reduction of total 80×10^(8) t from the percentage of carbon-based fossil energy in the energy consumption of over 80%,and the percentage of CO_(2) emission from energy of over 80%in 2021.The carbon industry in China is facing three challenges,large CO_(2) emissions,high percentage of coal in energy consumption,and poor innovative system.Three strategic measures are proposed accordingly,including:(1)unswervingly develop carbon industrial system and ensure the achievement of carbon neutrality as scheduled by 2060;(2)vigorously develop new energy sources and promote a revolutionary transformation of China’s energy production and consumption structure;(3)accelerate the establishment of scientific and technological innovation system of the whole CO_(2) industry.It is of great significance for continuously optimization of ecological environment and construction of green earth and ecological earth to develop the carbon industry system,utilize clean energy,and achieve the strategic goal of global carbon neutrality.

Global energy transition revolution and the connotation and pathway of the green and intelligent energy system

The essence of energy system transition is the"energy revolution':The development of the"resource-dominated"energy system with fossil energy as the mainstay has promoted human progress,but it has also triggered energy crisis and ecological environment crisis,which is not compatible with the new demands of the new round of scientific and technological revolution,industrial transformation,and sustainable human development.It is in urgent need to research and develop a new-type energy system in the context of carbon neutrality.In the framework of"technique-dominated"new green and intelligent energy system with"three new"of new energy,new power and new energy storage as the mainstay,the"super energy basin"concepts with the Ordos Basin,Nw China as a representative will reshape the concept and model of future energy exploration and development.In view of the"six inequalities"in global energy and the resource conditions of"abundant coal,insufficient oil and gas and infinite new energy"in China,it is suggested to deeply boost"China energy revolution',sticking to the six principles of independent energy production,green energy supply,secure energy reserve,efficient energy consumption,intelligent energy management,economical energy cost;enhance"energy scientific and technological innovation"by implementing technique-dominated"four major science and technology innovation projects',namely,clean coal project,oil production stabilization and gas production increasing project,new energy acceleration project,and green-intelligent energy project;implement"energy transition"by accelerating the green-dominated"four-modernization development',namely,fossil energy cleaning,large-scale new energy,coordinated centralized energy distribution,intelligent multi-energy management,so as to promote the exchange of two 80%s"in China's energy structure and construct the new green and intelligent energy system.

Fine-grained gravity flow sedimentation and its influence on development of shale oil sweet sections in lacustrine basins in China

The geological conditions and processes of fine-grained gravity flow sedimentation in continental lacustrine basins in China are analyzed to construct the model of fine-grained gravity flow sedimentation in lacustrine basin,reveal the development laws of fine-grained deposits and source-reservoir,and identify the sweet sections of shale oil.The results show that fine-grained gravity flow is one of the important sedimentary processes in deep lake environment,and it can transport fine-grained clasts and organic matter in shallow water to deep lake,forming sweet sections and high-quality source rocks of shale oil.Fine-grained gravity flow deposits in deep waters of lacustrine basins in China are mainly fine-grained high-density flow,fine-grained turbidity flow(including surge-like turbidity flow and fine-grained hyperpycnal flow),fine-grained viscous flow(including fine-grained debris flow and mud flow),and fine-grained transitional flow deposits.The distribution of fine-grained gravity flow deposits in the warm and humid unbalanced lacustrine basins are controlled by lake-level fluctuation,flooding events,and lakebed paleogeomorphology.During the lake-level rise,fine-grained hyperpycnal flow caused by flooding formed fine-grained channel–levee–lobe system in the flat area of the deep lake.During the lake-level fall,the sublacustrine fan system represented by unconfined channel was developed in the flexural slope breaks and sedimentary slopes of depressed lacustrine basins,and in the steep slopes of faulted lacustrine basins;the sublacustrine fan system with confined or unconfined channel was developed on the gentle slopes and in axial direction of faulted lacustrine basins,with fine-grained gravity flow deposits possibly existing in the lower fan.Within the fourth-order sequences,transgression might lead to organic-rich shale and fine-grained hyperpycnal flow deposits,while regression might cause fine-grained high-density flow,surge-like turbidity flow,fine-grained debris flow,mud flow,and fine-grained transitional flow deposits.Since the Permian,in the shale strata of lacustrine basins in China,multiple transgression-regression cycles of fourth-order sequences have formed multiple source-reservoir assemblages.Diverse fine-grained gravity flow sedimentation processes have created sweet sections of thin siltstone consisting of fine-grained high-density flow,fine-grained hyperpycnal flow and surge-like turbidity flow deposits,sweet sections with interbeds of mudstone and siltstone formed by fine-grained transitional flows,and sweet sections of shale containing silty and muddy clasts and with horizontal bedding formed by fine-grained debris flow and mud flow.The model of fine-grained gravity flow sedimentation in lacustrine basin is significant for the scientific evaluation of sweet shale oil reservoir and organic-rich source rock.