蒸散发(Evapotranspiration,ET)是重要的生态水文过程,尤其是在干旱和半干旱地区,对环境变化起着至关重要的作用。以疏勒河流域为例,利用DEM,MODIS和气象数据,基于能量平衡原理的SEBAL(Surface Energy Balance Algorithms for Land)模型...蒸散发(Evapotranspiration,ET)是重要的生态水文过程,尤其是在干旱和半干旱地区,对环境变化起着至关重要的作用。以疏勒河流域为例,利用DEM,MODIS和气象数据,基于能量平衡原理的SEBAL(Surface Energy Balance Algorithms for Land)模型,运用ArcGIS软件在栅格尺度上反演出该流域的地表蒸散量,并探究其时空变化特征。结果显示:(1)疏勒河流域2000—2015年8月基于栅格的地表多年平均日蒸散量变化范围为0～8.52mm,空间差异十分显著,从东南向西北呈现逐渐减少趋势,上游蒸散量大于中下游区域;(2)2000—2015年疏勒河流域大部分地区的8月份地表月蒸散量呈减小趋势;(3)疏勒河流域2000—2015年8月份地表月蒸散量时空变异显著,中、上游地区蒸散量较大且时间稳定性差;(4)2015年4个月份地表月蒸散量变化显著(7月>4月>10月>1月),但其空间分布格局相似。研究蒸散量的时空动态定量评价结果对于疏勒河流域的环境模拟、气候变化研究、灌溉和水资源管理,以及深入了解我国干旱半干旱气候区水循环机理具有重要意义。展开更多
利用全球扰动指数(The MODIS Global Disturbance Index, MGDI)模型并以长时间序列的MODIS的增强型植被指数(Enhanced Vegetation Index,EVI)和地表温度(Land Surface Temperature,LST)数据作为数据源对天水南部地区2001—2016年植被扰...利用全球扰动指数(The MODIS Global Disturbance Index, MGDI)模型并以长时间序列的MODIS的增强型植被指数(Enhanced Vegetation Index,EVI)和地表温度(Land Surface Temperature,LST)数据作为数据源对天水南部地区2001—2016年植被扰动指数时空分布变化特征和驱动因子进行研究。结果表明:(1)16年来植被扰动指数的均值空间分布不均,其值分布于0.66—1.09之间,天水市南部地区的西北和西部部分地区植被扰动指数明显低于其它地区,且主要为积极扰动。(2)植被扰动指数的年际变化呈降低趋势,占总面积的89.58%,其中研究区中农耕区减小的趋势最为明显。植被扰动指数的变异系数分析结果表明, 2001—2016年以来天水南部大部分地区植被扰动指数变化较稳定。其中,西北部的农耕区扰动指数波动幅度较大,而林区波动相对较小。(3)植被扰动情况受海拔和坡度、河流和道路的影响。空间分布上,扰动主要发生在海拔相对较高、坡度较缓及近河流和道路地区。展开更多
The origin of ancient banded iron formation （BIF） has remained unclear for a long time. How the precipitation process occurred and what the environmental condition was have been widely discussed among scientists, be...The origin of ancient banded iron formation （BIF） has remained unclear for a long time. How the precipitation process occurred and what the environmental condition was have been widely discussed among scientists, because the period when the major BIFs deposited （-2.8 to 1.8Ga） is the same time when biosphere and atmosphere significantly changed. Based on the discovery of modern seafloor hydrothermal vents, it is possible that reductive environment controlled by vent system is related to the environment where BIF was deposited. According to matter source.展开更多
Collected from a Late Permian to Early Triassic sedimentary section in the Zhongliang Mountain of Chongqing, Southwest China, sixty marine carbonate samples were measured for the 87Sr/86Sr ratios, and corresponding ev...Collected from a Late Permian to Early Triassic sedimentary section in the Zhongliang Mountain of Chongqing, Southwest China, sixty marine carbonate samples were measured for the 87Sr/86Sr ratios, and corresponding evolution curve was constructed. The concentrations of SiO2, CaO, MgO, Mn and Sr are used to evaluate reservation of strontium isotopic composition for original seawater and the credi-bility of the dissolution method for sample preparation. The results show that most of the samples (except seven samples with the Mn/Sr ratios higher than 2) contain the original geochemistry signa-tures of ancient seawater. Compared to the published 87Sr/86Sr ratios from the Late Permian to Early Triassic, our database reported here is the largest and the curve constructed is the most complete. The strontium isotopic curve from Late Permian to Early Triassic is consistent globally and exhibits a gen-eral trend of steady increase during this period. The minimum of 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.707011) occurs in the Late Permian (30 m in thickness below the Permian-Triassic boundary), and the maximum (0.708281), near the Early-Middle Triassic boundary. The lack of land plants and the rapid continental weathering result in the increase of 87Sr/86Sr ratios during the interval. The Permian-Triassic boundary in Zhongli-ang Mountain Section has been accepted internationally. The 87Sr/86Sr ratios of six samples near the boundary vary from 0.70714 to 0.70715 with an average of 0.70714, which is consistent with the value of 0.70715 (samples are from articulate brachiopod shells) from Korte et al. published in 2006 (within the error range in experiment). Accordingly, the strontium isotope composition in the Permian-Triassic boundary in this paper is of global significance. It can be confirmed that the 87Sr/86Sr ratios of the sea-water in the Permian-Triassic transition are in the range of 0.70714―0.70715.展开更多
文摘蒸散发(Evapotranspiration,ET)是重要的生态水文过程,尤其是在干旱和半干旱地区,对环境变化起着至关重要的作用。以疏勒河流域为例,利用DEM,MODIS和气象数据,基于能量平衡原理的SEBAL(Surface Energy Balance Algorithms for Land)模型,运用ArcGIS软件在栅格尺度上反演出该流域的地表蒸散量,并探究其时空变化特征。结果显示:(1)疏勒河流域2000—2015年8月基于栅格的地表多年平均日蒸散量变化范围为0～8.52mm,空间差异十分显著,从东南向西北呈现逐渐减少趋势,上游蒸散量大于中下游区域;(2)2000—2015年疏勒河流域大部分地区的8月份地表月蒸散量呈减小趋势;(3)疏勒河流域2000—2015年8月份地表月蒸散量时空变异显著,中、上游地区蒸散量较大且时间稳定性差;(4)2015年4个月份地表月蒸散量变化显著(7月>4月>10月>1月),但其空间分布格局相似。研究蒸散量的时空动态定量评价结果对于疏勒河流域的环境模拟、气候变化研究、灌溉和水资源管理,以及深入了解我国干旱半干旱气候区水循环机理具有重要意义。
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant No.41376077)Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(grant No.XDB06020204)the National Key Basic Research Program of China(grant No.2013CB429703)
文摘The origin of ancient banded iron formation （BIF） has remained unclear for a long time. How the precipitation process occurred and what the environmental condition was have been widely discussed among scientists, because the period when the major BIFs deposited （-2.8 to 1.8Ga） is the same time when biosphere and atmosphere significantly changed. Based on the discovery of modern seafloor hydrothermal vents, it is possible that reductive environment controlled by vent system is related to the environment where BIF was deposited. According to matter source.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 40472068, 40672072)the Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education of China (Grant No. 20050616005)
文摘Collected from a Late Permian to Early Triassic sedimentary section in the Zhongliang Mountain of Chongqing, Southwest China, sixty marine carbonate samples were measured for the 87Sr/86Sr ratios, and corresponding evolution curve was constructed. The concentrations of SiO2, CaO, MgO, Mn and Sr are used to evaluate reservation of strontium isotopic composition for original seawater and the credi-bility of the dissolution method for sample preparation. The results show that most of the samples (except seven samples with the Mn/Sr ratios higher than 2) contain the original geochemistry signa-tures of ancient seawater. Compared to the published 87Sr/86Sr ratios from the Late Permian to Early Triassic, our database reported here is the largest and the curve constructed is the most complete. The strontium isotopic curve from Late Permian to Early Triassic is consistent globally and exhibits a gen-eral trend of steady increase during this period. The minimum of 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.707011) occurs in the Late Permian (30 m in thickness below the Permian-Triassic boundary), and the maximum (0.708281), near the Early-Middle Triassic boundary. The lack of land plants and the rapid continental weathering result in the increase of 87Sr/86Sr ratios during the interval. The Permian-Triassic boundary in Zhongli-ang Mountain Section has been accepted internationally. The 87Sr/86Sr ratios of six samples near the boundary vary from 0.70714 to 0.70715 with an average of 0.70714, which is consistent with the value of 0.70715 (samples are from articulate brachiopod shells) from Korte et al. published in 2006 (within the error range in experiment). Accordingly, the strontium isotope composition in the Permian-Triassic boundary in this paper is of global significance. It can be confirmed that the 87Sr/86Sr ratios of the sea-water in the Permian-Triassic transition are in the range of 0.70714―0.70715.
