广州市帽峰山两种主要林型的暴雨水文特征

为了探索不同森林类型暴雨水文特征的差异,于2013年12月—2014年12月,在暴雨条件下对广州市帽峰山杉木林和常绿阔叶林的林外降水、穿透水、地表径流和集水区总径流进行水文量与水化学量的对比测定。结果表明,(1)2014年发生9场暴雨,暴雨雨量为655.0 mm,占全年降雨量(1 882.4 mm)的34.8%。(2)杉木林林冠层对暴雨的平均截留率为8.2%,集水区暴雨日的平均产流率为19.1%;常绿阔叶林冠层对暴雨的平均截留率为14.5%,集水区暴雨日的平均产流率为21.2%。(3)杉木林集水区全年产流714.8 mm,产流率为38.0%,其中雨季的产流率为44.4%,雨季产流量占全年的98.1%;常绿阔叶林集水区全年产流802.0 mm,产流率为42.6%,其中雨季的产流率为44.6%,雨季产流量占全年的87.9%;体现了常绿阔叶林对全年降雨的调蓄作用更大。(4)两种林分的冠层淋溶都表现为正淋溶,杉木林和常绿阔叶林穿透水的淋溶系数均以K最大,分别为4.10和7.88。(5)两种林分地表径流的化学含量显著高于降雨,地表径流中增加最小的N含量为降水的3.03倍,增加最大的Ca含量为降水的14.25倍,说明暴雨形成的地表产流是森林生态系统养分流失的重要原因。两种林分集水区总径流中C、NH_4^+-N和P的迁移系数为负值,表现为吸储效应。

右美托咪定复合舒芬太尼镇痛联合腹横肌平面阻滞对经腹全子宫全切术患者早期康复的影响

目的:探讨右美托咪定复合舒芬太尼镇痛联合腹横肌平面阻滞(TAPB)对经腹全子宫全切术患者早期康复的影响。方法:选择2017年2月-2019年1月于本院就诊并拟行经腹子宫全切术的患者84例,采用随机数字表法将患者分为研究组与对照组,每组42例。两组患者均在超声引导下行TAPB,对照组患者予以舒芬太尼镇痛,研究组患者予以右美托咪定复合舒芬太尼镇痛,比较两组镇痛效果及早期康复情况。结果:研究组术后2、4、6、12、24、48 h时VAS评分均显著低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。研究组术后24、48、72 h的QOR-15评分均显著高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。研究组的自主呼吸恢复时间、定向力恢复时间、拔管时间、苏醒室停留时间、首次排气时间、进食时间、住院时间均显著短于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:右美托咪定复合舒芬太尼镇痛联合腹横肌平面阻滞可有效减轻经腹全子宫全切术患者的术后疼痛程度,提高患者早期恢复质量,效果良好,值得推荐。

Preparation and Dye Adsorption of Low-cost Polyaniline-tea Saponin Nanocomposites

Four polyaniline-tea saponin (PTS) nanocomposites were prepared by an in-situ polymerization with tea saponin (TS) as a biosurfactant,and they were used to remove organic dyes from aqueous solution.The PTS nanocomposites were characterized by using field emission scanning electron microscopy,the Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy,the Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy,and the thermogravimetric analysis.The adsorption performances of the PTS nanocomposites for organic dyes were studied by a static adsorption method.The experimental results reveal that adsorption capacities of the PTS nanocomposites are higher than that of pure polyaniline.Especially,the PTS nanocomposites exhibit excellent adsorption performances for anionic dyes because of the electrostatic interaction between the positively charged nitrogen atoms on the PTS chains and the negatively charged sulfonate ions in the anionic dyes.According to the adsorption kinetics and thermodynamics results,the adsorption processes of PTS20 for CR and AB74 follow well with the pseudo second-order and Langmuir isotherm models.It is indicated that TS should be very useful in the preparation of PTS nanocomposite and in removal of toxic dyes from waste water.