硅肺合并肺部感染患者的流行病学特征及病原菌耐药性分析

目的 了解近年来硅肺合并肺部感染患者的流行病学特征及痰液病原菌分布和药敏情况,为硅肺防治和合理用药提供参考。方法 对四川大学华西第四医院职业病科诊断的硅肺合并肺部感染患者的病例信息及药敏检测结果进行回顾性分析。结果 分析2017年1月–2020年12月收治的病原学检测阳性的硅肺合并肺部感染患者318例,均为男性,发病年龄中位数为51.00岁,接尘工龄中位数为12.40年,病例主要行业为建筑业、有色金属矿选业和煤矿开采业,主要工种为风钻工、挖煤工和采矿工;壹、贰、叁期阳性检出率分别为27.54%、28.32%、32.97%。共培养出341株病原菌,真菌占54.1%,其中白色念珠菌114株(35.8%);细菌占53.1%,其中革兰阴性菌168株(52.8%),主要为肺炎克雷伯菌(30.2%);革兰阳性菌仅1株(0.3%),为溶血葡萄球菌。革兰阴性杆菌对氨苄西林耐药性最高,对青霉素G和氧氟沙星敏感性高。结论 随着硅肺的进展,硅肺合并肺部感染患者肺部感染的发生率增加。微生物分析中真菌检出率高,细菌以革兰阴性细菌为主,总体耐药率不容乐观。

In Vitro and In Vivo Evaluation of Antitumor Activity ofLigustrum robustum, A Chinese Herbal Tea

Objective: To examine the effect of the aqueous extract of Ligustrum robustum on tumor growth in vitro and in vivo and explore the possible molecular mechanisms. Methods: In in vitro study, cell viabilities of human cervical carcinoma cells(HeLa), human breast cancer cells(MCF-7), human prostate cancer cells(PC-3),human hepatoma cells(7721) and human colon carcinoma cells(SW480) were evaluated with cell counting kit-8.For L. robustum-treated Hela cells, early or late apoptosis were evaluated by annexin V/PI staining. Mitochondrial membrane potential was measured by staining cells with JC-1. Apoptosis was monitored by nuclear morphology based on chromatin condensation and fragmentation by 4’,6-diamidino-2-phenylinole(DAPI) staining. Caspase-3 and-8 activity levels were measured by a colorimetric assay. In vivo, to evaluate the possible mechanism of L. robustum-mediated antitumor effect, nude mouse xenograft study was also conducted. Results: In in vitro study, L. robustum was found to be toxic to HeLa, MCF-7, PC-3, 7721, SW480, with an half maximal inhibitory concentration value of 2–5 mg/mL(P<0.05). Moreover, externalization of phosphatidylserine, loss of mitochondrial membrane potential, DNA fragmentation and activation of caspase-3 and-8 were detected in L. robustumtreated Hela cells. Using a nude mouse model bearing Hela xenografts, we found that L. robustum reduced tumor volume and tumor weight(P<0.05), but had no effect on body weight and histological damage of important organs. Intraperitoneal injection of L. robustum caused a signi?cant reduction in serum aspartate transaminase and alanine transaminase levels(P<0.05). Furthermore, cleaved caspase-3-positive and terminal nucleotidyl transferase-mediated nick end labeling(TUNEL)-positive cells were observed in L. robustum-treated tumor tissues.Conclusions: L. robustum inhibits tumor cell growth both in vitro and in vivo by inducing apoptosis in a caspasedependent way without apparent hepatic toxicity and histological damage, which may offer partial scienti?c support for the ethnopharmacological claims of L. robustum as a herbal tea for its antitumor activity.

市售川产水豆豉分离株中高产蛋白酶与β-葡萄糖苷酶菌株的菌属鉴定与产酶能力评价

目的筛选并鉴定72株川产水豆豉分离株中高产蛋白酶及β-葡萄糖苷酶的菌株,为深入研究水豆豉的营养价值及开发其发酵菌株提供实验依据。方法采用酪蛋白法和对硝基苯-β-D半乳糖吡喃糖苷(pNPG)法分别测定菌株产蛋白酶和β-葡萄糖苷酶的能力,选出优势菌株,通过形态学、生化特征、16S rRNA和基质辅助激光解析-电离飞行时间质谱(MALDI-TOF-MS)对其进行鉴定。绘制菌株生长曲线和产酶曲线并测得其遗传稳定性。结果选择产蛋白酶能力前10名菌株中β-葡萄糖苷酶活力最高者(0.084 U/L)作为优势菌株,表型及分子生物学法鉴定其为枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis)。菌株生长曲线、产酶曲线符合枯草芽孢杆菌特性,遗传稳定性结果显示其产酶能力能稳定遗传至第9代并于第10代开始下降。结论从72株川产水豆豉分离株中筛选出的高产蛋白酶和β-葡萄糖苷酶菌株经鉴定为枯草芽孢杆菌。