Determination of astaxanthin and astaxanthin esters in shrimp shell by HPLC

A method for determination of astaxanthin and astaxanthin eaters in shrimp shell by high performance liquid chromatography is established.Shrimp shell are addressed with 5%hydrochloric acid to remove calcium ions.After shell is dried,organics from shrimp shell are extracted with anhydrous ethanol.The alcohol extrative of the shrimp shell is mixed with the ammonium sulfate to extract astaxanthin by aqueous two-phase extraction.The crude astaxanthin is collected,which is distributed in the middle layer of the aqueous two-phase layer.After distilled water is added to the crude astaxanthin,the aqueous solution is centrifuged,and the previous step is repeated for several times.The precipitation in centrifuge tube is collected and dried.The crude astaxanthin dried is dissolved with acetone,and the sample solution is separated by TLC.Every pigment on the TLC plate is collected and dissolved with acetone.The pigments are determined by high performance liquid chromatograph.The results show that aqueous two-phase system,3 mL alcohol extractive of astaxanthin and 4.5 mL 20%ammonium sulfate,can be used to acquire crude astaxanthin.The wavelength of the maximum peak of astaxanthin in ethanol solution is 472 nm.A variety of pigments can be separated from the crude astaxanthin by thin-layer chromatography,including free astaxanthin,astaxanthin monoester,astaxanthin diester,echinenone and other substances.It can be seen from high performance liquid chromatography that the appearance time of free astaxanthin is from 4 min to 5.5 min,and the appearance time of astaxanthin monoester is from 10.5 min to 27.8 min.The method is simple about the sample pretreatment and feasible about the determination of astaxanthin and astaxanthin esters in shrimp shell.

Study on distributional characteristics of phytoplankton population in the Bohai Sea and the Yellow Sea in the summer 2015

Marine phytoplankton plays a very important role in marine ecology,environment and global climate change,and it is an indicative organism for measuring water quality.The Bohai Sea and the Yellow Sea in China have unique geographical locations.Therefore,the characteristics of phytoplankton population distribution in the Bohai Sea and the Yellow Sea are of great significance to the study of marine ecology in China.In this work,the pigment data obtained from the Yellow Sea and Bohai Sea in August 2015 were analyzed by HPLC(High-Performance Liquid Chromatography).Then the pigment data were analyzed statistically by the CHEMTAX software,so that the phytoplankton community structure information was obtained.Results show that in summer 2015,from the perspective of sea area,the biomass of phytoplankton in the surface of Bohai Sea is higher than that in the Yellow Sea,while the phytoplankton biomass in the surface of North Yellow Sea is higher than that in the South.From the perspective of dominant species of phytoplankton,the surface waters of the Yellow Sea and Bohai Sea were dominated by diatoms,prymnesiophytes and chlorophytes,accounting for 55.76%,14.56%and 14.55%respectively.Among them,diatoms accounted for the absolute advantage.

滋阴补阳方序贯法联合促排卵对夫精宫腔内人工授精结局的临床疗效观察

目的:探讨滋阴补阳方序贯法联合促排卵对夫精宫腔内人工授精的临床疗效观察。方法:回顾性分析95例接受夫精人工授精治疗的夫妇,共125周期。分为滋阴补阳方序贯法联合促排卵组(观察组)69周期,促排卵组(对照组)56周期,比较两组临床疗效、HCG日子宫内膜厚度及A型子宫内膜的比例、妊娠率情况。结果:观察组肾气虚证候总有效率(97.1%)较对照组(85.7%)显著提高(P<0.05)。观察组HCG日子宫内膜厚度、A型内膜比例较对照组显著增加(P<0.05,P<0.01)。观察组抱婴率(27.5%)显著高于对照组(12.5%)(P<0.05)。结论:在人工授精周期中,使用滋阴补阳方序贯法能显著增加子宫内膜厚度,改善子宫内膜容受性,提高抱婴率。