Wheat along with rice and maize is fulfilling half of the calories demands of the world. Global Wheat production has increased tremendously since green revolution in 1960’s and helped in minimizing hunger and malnutr...Wheat along with rice and maize is fulfilling half of the calories demands of the world. Global Wheat production has increased tremendously since green revolution in 1960’s and helped in minimizing hunger and malnutrition. Developing countries, which consume 60% of the global wheat production, have shown a higher yield increase than the developed countries in the past [1]. It was driven by the hunger prevalence in these countries and was attributable to the introduction of high yielding and rusted resistant semi dwarf varieties developed under the collaborative efforts of International and National research systems during the last 50 years. Whereas, climate change and the emergence of new pests and diseases are threatening the food sustainability. The evolution of new races of disease pathogens like stem rust (Ug 99) is of serious concern. In order to feed the ever increasing population we have to increase wheat production at the rate 1.6% which can be achieved by developing high yielding varieties having a good tolerance level for biotic and abiotic stresses.展开更多
An increase in productivity is always one of the main goals of any crop breeding program including rice. However, many goals can be identified for this crop varying in importance from region to region, country to coun...An increase in productivity is always one of the main goals of any crop breeding program including rice. However, many goals can be identified for this crop varying in importance from region to region, country to country, and even within a given country. Increase in grain yield potential is the major goal of almost all rice breeders programs. The major impacts are related to the development of new strategies to increase the genetic grain yield potential of the varieties. Rice breeders have been very successful in improving the crop. Some milestones are the contribution to the green revolution with the semi-dwarf varieties, the new rice plant type and hybrid rice. The main breeding method used to improve rice is the pedigree, but development of hybrids and population improvement are added to the breeder’s portfolio. Breeders have been taking advantage of biotechnology tools to enhance their breeding capacity;however, many programs are still struggling on how to integrate them into the breeding programs and how to balance the allocation of resources between conventional and modern tools.展开更多
Magnetic field plays a significant role in innumerable fields like mechanical,chemical,biological and medical research.Few examples include power generation systems,magnetohydrodynamic(MHD)accelerators,liquid metal fl...Magnetic field plays a significant role in innumerable fields like mechanical,chemical,biological and medical research.Few examples include power generation systems,magnetohydrodynamic(MHD)accelerators,liquid metal fluids,cooling of nuclear reactors,hightemperature plasmas,chemical processing equipment and electronic components.In view of these facts,the current investigation discusses the fundamental flows of a Casson fluid in horizontal parallel plates(three fundamental situations considered such as the plate walls progresses in the conflicting directions,the progress of lower plate in the flow direction and other is in fixed position,and the progress of the plates in the flow direction respectively).Influences of radiation,velocity slip,porous medium and Joule heating are considered into account.The flow situation is assumed in Cartesian coordinate system.The momentum and energy equations are transformed into non-dimensional system utilizing appropriate nondimensional parameters.The exact solutions of the non-dimensional differential equations have been obtained.The pictorial representations are provided for the velocity as well as temperature characteristics in all the mentioned cases.It is concluded by graphical approach that velocity is enhanced in the case of increasing Darcy’s parameter and boundary slip while reduced for the large magnetic field.On the other hand,it is found that slip factor is reducing the heat transfer rate while magnetic field is giving rise to it.展开更多
文摘Wheat along with rice and maize is fulfilling half of the calories demands of the world. Global Wheat production has increased tremendously since green revolution in 1960’s and helped in minimizing hunger and malnutrition. Developing countries, which consume 60% of the global wheat production, have shown a higher yield increase than the developed countries in the past [1]. It was driven by the hunger prevalence in these countries and was attributable to the introduction of high yielding and rusted resistant semi dwarf varieties developed under the collaborative efforts of International and National research systems during the last 50 years. Whereas, climate change and the emergence of new pests and diseases are threatening the food sustainability. The evolution of new races of disease pathogens like stem rust (Ug 99) is of serious concern. In order to feed the ever increasing population we have to increase wheat production at the rate 1.6% which can be achieved by developing high yielding varieties having a good tolerance level for biotic and abiotic stresses.
文摘An increase in productivity is always one of the main goals of any crop breeding program including rice. However, many goals can be identified for this crop varying in importance from region to region, country to country, and even within a given country. Increase in grain yield potential is the major goal of almost all rice breeders programs. The major impacts are related to the development of new strategies to increase the genetic grain yield potential of the varieties. Rice breeders have been very successful in improving the crop. Some milestones are the contribution to the green revolution with the semi-dwarf varieties, the new rice plant type and hybrid rice. The main breeding method used to improve rice is the pedigree, but development of hybrids and population improvement are added to the breeder’s portfolio. Breeders have been taking advantage of biotechnology tools to enhance their breeding capacity;however, many programs are still struggling on how to integrate them into the breeding programs and how to balance the allocation of resources between conventional and modern tools.
文摘Magnetic field plays a significant role in innumerable fields like mechanical,chemical,biological and medical research.Few examples include power generation systems,magnetohydrodynamic(MHD)accelerators,liquid metal fluids,cooling of nuclear reactors,hightemperature plasmas,chemical processing equipment and electronic components.In view of these facts,the current investigation discusses the fundamental flows of a Casson fluid in horizontal parallel plates(three fundamental situations considered such as the plate walls progresses in the conflicting directions,the progress of lower plate in the flow direction and other is in fixed position,and the progress of the plates in the flow direction respectively).Influences of radiation,velocity slip,porous medium and Joule heating are considered into account.The flow situation is assumed in Cartesian coordinate system.The momentum and energy equations are transformed into non-dimensional system utilizing appropriate nondimensional parameters.The exact solutions of the non-dimensional differential equations have been obtained.The pictorial representations are provided for the velocity as well as temperature characteristics in all the mentioned cases.It is concluded by graphical approach that velocity is enhanced in the case of increasing Darcy’s parameter and boundary slip while reduced for the large magnetic field.On the other hand,it is found that slip factor is reducing the heat transfer rate while magnetic field is giving rise to it.
