The Effect of Low Temperature and High Temperature on Flowering and Pollination of Red Cartridge Kiwifruit in Western Guizhou in Early Spring of 2021

Based on the daily average temperature from March 19 to April 2,2021 at three surface meteorological stations in western Guizhou and the daily average temperature,maximum temperature and minimum temperature from March 19 to April 2,2021 at 12 main automatic meteorological stations of red cartridge kiwifruit base,the effects of low temperature and high temperature on flowering and pollination of red cartridge kiwifruit in early spring of 2021 were analyzed.The results showed that slight cold spell in later spring in western Guizhou occurred from March 21 to 23.The lower limit of the daily average temperature required for flowering period(12℃or below)appeared in each base of red cartridge kiwifruit during March 21-23,which affected the red cartridge kiwifruit trees in Faer,Houchang,Miluo,Shunchang,Panlong and Jichang bases flowering and pollinating before March 20.From March 29 to April 2,the daily maximum temperature of Faer and other eleven bases was 30℃or above,which caused the wilting and abscission of flowers and young fruits of of red cartridge kiwifruit trees in Faer,Houchang,Miluo,Shunchang,Panlong,shaomi,Jichang and Aga bases blooming and pollinating before March 24,but the flowers of red cartridge kiwifruit trees in Langdai,Longhe,Pugu and Shuangfeng bases blooming and pollinating after March 28 were not damaged.

Characteristics of Ambient Air Quality in the Central Urban Area of Western Guizhou in the Past Five Years

Air is an important condition for human activities and survival,and its quality is closely related to the quality of life and level of health for the people.In recent years,the problem caused by air quality has become one of the main problems that endanger human health and restrict economic development,which has been widely concerned.In this paper,the air quality status and its changing trend were analyzed by using the methods of the comprehensive index of ambient air quality and Spearman s rank correlation coefficient,based on the hourly pollutant concentration data of five national ambient air quality monitoring stations in the central urban area of Liupanshui City,Guizhou Province from January 1,2015 to December 31,2019.The results showed that the concentration of air pollutants in the atmosphere in the past five years showed a downward trend in the central urban area of Liupanshui City.During 2018-2019,the air quality has been up to the standard for two consecutive years,and it was developing to a higher quality direction.The air quality was better in summer half year than in winter half year.In one year,the air quality was the best in June and the worst in February.The air quality was the best at 07:00 and the worst at 21:00 every day.The air quality in the east and the west of the city was better than that in the middle.In most years,the activities,making and burning paper to resemble money as an offering sacrifices to gods or ancestors in Zhongyuan Festival,caused serious pollution.

Climatic Experiment on Guizhou Red Heart Kiwifruit Ulcer Disease

Using the climatic data, such as extreme minimum temperature and relative humidity, in 15 bases in the main planting area of Guizhou Red Heart Kiwifruit from December 1st to next April 30th, respectively, from 2010 to 2018, combined with the monitoring of red heart kiwifruit ulcer disease, we analyze the occurrence and prevalence of meteorological factors and dynamic characteristics of the red heart kiwifruit ulcer disease in Guizhou, China. The results showed that the main period of occurrence and prevalence of red heart kiwifruit ulcer was from March to April. In winter, when the daily average temperature of 5 d and above is ≤2°C, the daily extreme minimum temperature is ≤−2°C, and the daily average relative humidity is ≥75%, it is beneficial for the ulcer pathogen to lurk and propagate in the plant. It is suggested that this meteorological condition should be used as an early warning indicator for the prevention of ulcer disease of red heart kiwifruit, in order to actively organize prevention after the emergence of early warning indicators to improve the prevention and treatment effect. In spring, the average daily temperature of 5 d and above is ≤18°C, and the daily average relative humidity is ≥80%, which is easy to induce ulcer disease. It can be seen that the first is the winter climatic conditions to meet the breeding of ulcer disease, and then the spring climatic conditions must also meet the rapid propagation of ulcer disease, ulcer disease can occur, develop and popularize. It is of great practical significance to carry out experiments on the relationship between the occurrence of ulcer disease in Guizhou red heart kiwifruit and meteorological conditions.

Response of Different Varieties of Red Cartridge Kiwifruit to Temperature and Precipitation in Growth Stages

The responses of Hongyang,Donghong and Jinhong varieties to temperature and precipitation were analyzed by observing the growth stages of different kiwifruit varieties in Longhe red cartridge kiwifruit base of Liuzhi Special Zone of Guizhou Province in 2021 and combining with the meteorological data of temperature and precipitation in the base in the same period.The results showed that Hongyang,Donghong and Jinhong all sprouted on February 1,and had the same response to temperature and precipitation.From germination to leaf spreading stage,Hongyang and Donghong had the same response to precipitation,while Donghong and Jinhong had the same response to temperature,but Jinhong needed 32.5 mm precipitation to meet its growth and development.From leaf spreading stage to budding stage,Hongyang and Donghong had similar responses to temperature and precipitation,while Jinhong needed average daily temperature of 16.5℃and precipitation of 2.1 mm.The responses of the three varieties from budding to flowering to temperature and precipitation were consistent.From flowering to fruiting,Hongyang needed 19.9℃temperature and the least precipitation,while Jinhong needed the lowest temperature and the maximum precipitation.Donghong's response to temperature and precipitation was between Hongyang and Jinhong.During the period from fruit setting to fruit ripening and picking,Hongyang needed the least temperature and precipitation,while Donghong and Jinhong had the same response to temperature and precipitation.In the key period of fruit expansion of the three kiwifruit varieties in 2021,temperature and precipitation were the most suitable for fruit expansion.In short,red cartridge kiwifruit has a good response to temperature and precipitation in different growth stages,and it requires 201 d for Hongyang variety from germination to maturity and picking,211 d for Donghong variety and 218 d for Jinhong variety.

Analysis on Agrometeorological Conditions of Production of Winter Wheat and Rape Crops in Western Guizhou in 2019

Whole growth period of winter wheat and rape crops in western Guizhou in 2019 was from October of 2019 to early May of 2020.Using daily temperature,rainfall and sunshine hours of three national meteorological observatories(Shuicheng,Panzhou and Liuzhi)of western Guizhou,the impact of meteorological conditions on growth and development of winter wheat and rape crops was analyzed.The results showed that average temperature in whole growth period of winter wheat and rape crops in western Guizhou in 2019 was between 11.1 and 13.0℃,which was 0.4-1.6℃higher than that in the same period of common year.Rainfall was between 276.0 and 309.0 mm.When compared with that in the same period of common year,rainfall was 7%-22%less in other regions except in Panzhou(1%more).Sunshine hours was between 689.2 and 1091.2 h.When compared with that in the same period of common year,sunshine hours was 14%-26%more in other regions except in Shuicheng(equal).In growth period of winter wheat and rape crops,there was good heat condition and sufficient sunshine,and rainfall was normal and slightly less,but it was mostly sunny and rainy alternating,which was favorable for the growth of crop root.During growth period of crops,there was lighter meteorological disaster.It was clear that meteorological conditions were conducive to the growth and development of winter wheat and rape crops in 2019.

Analysis on the Ecological and Climatic Advantages of Tea Production in Western Guizhou

The ecological and climatic conditions in the main tea areas of western Guizhou were analyzed,and the comparison with Meitan,Duyun and Leishan tea areas in Guizhou Province was conducted. The results showed that spring,summer and autumn tea can be picked in western Guizhou Province;spring tea can be picked for about 100 d,and summer and autumn tea can be picked for about 50 d. The average content of amino acids in tea from western Guizhou was 0.9%-2.9% higher than the national average,and the average content of polyphenols was 10.9% lower than the national average maximum,while the average content of caffeine was 1.4% lower than the national average maximum. In the first ten days of February,the temperature in the western tea area began to rise,which was earlier than Meitan,Duyun,Leishan tea areas and had a larger warming range,which was conducive to the germination of tea trees. The average temperature of ten days in the western tea area from middle May to early July was lower than that of Meitan,Duyun and Leishan tea areas,and the temperature rise was not violent,which was conducive to the growth of summer shoots and vigorous growth of tea buds. The ten-day average temperature of the western tea area from the first ten days of August to the last ten days of September was lower than Meitan,Duyun and Leishan tea areas,and its precipitation was more than Meitan,Duyun and Leishan tea areas,and the number of rainy and foggy days was more. The climate conditions are favorable for the formation of tea quality.