Evaluation of Lipid Profile in Obese and Non-Obese Hypertensive Adult Patients Attended in Medicine Department of a Medical College Hospital of Bangladesh

Background: By the dawn of this modern era of science, the prime challenge of physician is cardiovascular disease (CVD). The most important modifiable risk factors of CVDs are unhealthy diet, physical inactivity and tobacco use. The effects of unhealthy diet and physical inactivity include abnormal blood lipid, obesity and hypertension. We tried to evaluate and correlate the pattern of lipid profile in obese and non-obese hypertensive patients. Objectives: This study was conducted at medicine department of Cumilla Medical College Hospital. The principal aim was to evaluate the lipid profile in obese and non-obese adult hypertensive patients. Methodology: During this cross sectional analytical study, a total of 100 adult hypertensive patients were taken by purposive sampling. Among them 50 (group 1) patients were taken those were obese and 50 (group 2) patients taken those were non-obese according to BMI measurement on operational definition. Diagnosis of hypertension would be established with the help of ambulatory BP measurements two occasions few minutes apart. The staging of hypertension was done according to JNC7 Criteria. Morning blood samples were taken after 8 - 12 hours of fasting and lipid profiles were done on authentic laboratories. The laboratory values were interpreted according to the operational definition of dyslipidaemia. The ethical research and review committee approved the study protocol and signed informed consent was obtained from the participants. The statistics was analyzed using the IBM SPSS software of version 19.0. Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05. Results: Among the two groups, there were 56 (56%) males and 44 (44%) females. The mean age of group 1 (46.10 ± 11.09) was compared to that of group 2 (45.5 ± 10.6). Lipid profile abnormalities were significantly higher in the stage 2 hypertension (59.62%) and stage 3 hypertension (66.66%), higher in class 2 obese (100%) and class 3 obese subjects (100%), female hypertensive patients had significantly higher BMI than their male counterparts (27.24 ± 3.63 kg/m2 versus 29.29 ± 3.99 kg/m2), lipid profiles were higher in the female than male hypertensive patients (63.33% vs 55.35%) but only TC was statistically significant (4.45 ± 1.19 mmol/l versus 4.86 ± 1.29 mmol/l, p < 0.05). Those who were obese had significant high TG (p < 0.001), high TC (p < 0.001) and high LDL-C (p < 0.001). 38 (76%) of the obese hypertensive patients had dyslipidaemia whereas 21 (42%) of non-obese hypertensive patients had dyslipidaemia. In multivariate regression, TG was significantly and directly associated with BMI of subjects. Dyslipidaemia was more prevalent in the age group 30 - 59 of adult hypertensive patients. It showed that obese hypertensive patients had significantly higher SBP (p < 0.001), DBP (p < 0.001) than non-obese subjects. The mean TC (4.83 ± 0.95 mmol/l versus 4.15 ± 0.57 mmol/l, t = -9.70, p < 0.001), TG (2.64 ± 0.67 mmol/l versus 2.10 ± 0.45 mmol/l, t = -5.37, p < 0.001) and LDL-C (3.00 ± 0.82 mmol/l versus 2.44 ± 0.53 mmol/l, t = -9.11, p < 0.001) were also significantly higher among the hypertensive obese subjects. The mean HDL-C was however comparable in the two groups (1.25 ± 0.27 mmol/l versus 1.24 ± 0.57 mmol/l, t = -0.25, p = 0.08)...