Apelin is a new adipokine associated with obesity. Data about the relationship of apelin to the metabolic syndrome (MS) are still scarce. Late-onset hypogonadism (LOH) is common in men with MS, but we did not find dat...Apelin is a new adipokine associated with obesity. Data about the relationship of apelin to the metabolic syndrome (MS) are still scarce. Late-onset hypogonadism (LOH) is common in men with MS, but we did not find data about the levels of apelin in men with LOH. The aim of this study is to determine the levels of apelin in men with MS with or without LOH. Patients and Methods: 99 men are included in the study. Of them 65 have MS (IDF 2005) and they are divided according to their morning total testosterone (TT) level (cutoff 10.4 nmol/l) into two groups: MS-low T (N = 21) and MS-normal T (N = 44). The control group consists of 34 men without MS and with normal T. Apelin is determined in serum using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. Some of the men were additionally assigned to testosterone treatment and monitored. Results: MS men are at mean age (±SD) = 50.4 ± 9.6 years and TT = 13.6 ± 5.4 nmol/l. The control group is at age = 51.5 ± 6.4 years (NS) and TT = 17.9 ± 5.6 nmol/l (p 0.001). The levels of apelin are higher in the MS group—1.61 ± 0.53 ng/ml compared to the control one—1.38 ± 0.57 ng/ml (p 0.05). There is no difference between MS-lowT—1.53 ± 0.52 ng/ml and MS-normal T —1.65 ± 0.53 ng/ml sub-groups. The MS-normal T differs from the control group (p 0.05). Significant correlation of testosterone with apelin levels is not found. Although apelin correlates with other laboratory parameters: LDL-levels in the MS-patients (Pearson’s = 0.311, p 0.05);HbA1c in men with T2DM (Pearson’s = 0.285, p 0.05);serum creatinine levels (Pearson’s = 0.257, p 0.001). The patients that are assigned to testosterone substitution show a trend for lowering apelin levels. Conclusions: In this study, higher apelin levels are found in the presence of MS compared to healthy men, but do not differ between men having MS with low or normal T.展开更多
The clinical signs of hyperandrogenemia, commonly seen in polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) patients combined with obesity and infertility can cause emotional distress. There are however few data about the psychosoci...The clinical signs of hyperandrogenemia, commonly seen in polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) patients combined with obesity and infertility can cause emotional distress. There are however few data about the psychosocial and sexual function of patients with PCOS. Objectives: The aim of the study was to investigate the sexual function in patients with obesity and/or PCOS using Female sexual function inventory (FSFI) before and after metformin treatment. Design and Methods: In the present study were included 79 patients divided into three groups—group 1 Obese (n = 22);group 2 Lean PCOS (n = 41) and group 3 Obese PCOS (n = 16). All of the subjects completed FSFI questionnaire. In patients who had insulin resistance (OGTT + IRI) metformin treatment was started in dose 1700 - 3000 mg/day. Results: Obese women without PCOS showed significantly higher scores on total FSFI and all domains except from desire compared to lean PCOS subjects. Although the differences do not reach statistical significance, lean PCOS patients have the lowest scores on all domains. FSFI score correlates negatively only with androstendione levels. Women with and without hyperandrogenemia do not show differences in FSFI score. It is interesting to note that LH but not FSH shows moderate positive correlation to all domains of FSFI. FSFI scores do not show correlation to the indices of carbohydrate metabolism (blood glucose and IRI during OGTT), lipid profile, and arterial pressure. After metformin treatment there was an increase in all FSFI domain scores although statistical significance was noted only for the total FSFI score and the domains lubrication and pain, probably because of the small number of patients. Conclusions: Lean PCOS patients have lower scores on FSFI than obese patients with or without PCOS. The hyperandrogenemia is not a determinant for sexual dysfunction in PCOS women. Metformin treatment has a favorable effect on sexual function.展开更多
文摘Apelin is a new adipokine associated with obesity. Data about the relationship of apelin to the metabolic syndrome (MS) are still scarce. Late-onset hypogonadism (LOH) is common in men with MS, but we did not find data about the levels of apelin in men with LOH. The aim of this study is to determine the levels of apelin in men with MS with or without LOH. Patients and Methods: 99 men are included in the study. Of them 65 have MS (IDF 2005) and they are divided according to their morning total testosterone (TT) level (cutoff 10.4 nmol/l) into two groups: MS-low T (N = 21) and MS-normal T (N = 44). The control group consists of 34 men without MS and with normal T. Apelin is determined in serum using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. Some of the men were additionally assigned to testosterone treatment and monitored. Results: MS men are at mean age (±SD) = 50.4 ± 9.6 years and TT = 13.6 ± 5.4 nmol/l. The control group is at age = 51.5 ± 6.4 years (NS) and TT = 17.9 ± 5.6 nmol/l (p 0.001). The levels of apelin are higher in the MS group—1.61 ± 0.53 ng/ml compared to the control one—1.38 ± 0.57 ng/ml (p 0.05). There is no difference between MS-lowT—1.53 ± 0.52 ng/ml and MS-normal T —1.65 ± 0.53 ng/ml sub-groups. The MS-normal T differs from the control group (p 0.05). Significant correlation of testosterone with apelin levels is not found. Although apelin correlates with other laboratory parameters: LDL-levels in the MS-patients (Pearson’s = 0.311, p 0.05);HbA1c in men with T2DM (Pearson’s = 0.285, p 0.05);serum creatinine levels (Pearson’s = 0.257, p 0.001). The patients that are assigned to testosterone substitution show a trend for lowering apelin levels. Conclusions: In this study, higher apelin levels are found in the presence of MS compared to healthy men, but do not differ between men having MS with low or normal T.
文摘The clinical signs of hyperandrogenemia, commonly seen in polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) patients combined with obesity and infertility can cause emotional distress. There are however few data about the psychosocial and sexual function of patients with PCOS. Objectives: The aim of the study was to investigate the sexual function in patients with obesity and/or PCOS using Female sexual function inventory (FSFI) before and after metformin treatment. Design and Methods: In the present study were included 79 patients divided into three groups—group 1 Obese (n = 22);group 2 Lean PCOS (n = 41) and group 3 Obese PCOS (n = 16). All of the subjects completed FSFI questionnaire. In patients who had insulin resistance (OGTT + IRI) metformin treatment was started in dose 1700 - 3000 mg/day. Results: Obese women without PCOS showed significantly higher scores on total FSFI and all domains except from desire compared to lean PCOS subjects. Although the differences do not reach statistical significance, lean PCOS patients have the lowest scores on all domains. FSFI score correlates negatively only with androstendione levels. Women with and without hyperandrogenemia do not show differences in FSFI score. It is interesting to note that LH but not FSH shows moderate positive correlation to all domains of FSFI. FSFI scores do not show correlation to the indices of carbohydrate metabolism (blood glucose and IRI during OGTT), lipid profile, and arterial pressure. After metformin treatment there was an increase in all FSFI domain scores although statistical significance was noted only for the total FSFI score and the domains lubrication and pain, probably because of the small number of patients. Conclusions: Lean PCOS patients have lower scores on FSFI than obese patients with or without PCOS. The hyperandrogenemia is not a determinant for sexual dysfunction in PCOS women. Metformin treatment has a favorable effect on sexual function.
