MXene Hollow Spheres Supported by a C–Co Exoskeleton Grow MWCNTs for Efficient Microwave Absorption

High-performance microwave absorption(MA) materials must be studied immediately since electromagnetic pollution has become a problem that cannot be disregarded. A straightforward composite material, comprising hollow MXene spheres loaded with C–Co frameworks, was prepared to develop multiwalled carbon nanotubes(MWCNTs). A high impedance and suitable morphology were guaranteed by the C–Co exoskeleton, the attenuation ability was provided by the MWCNTs endoskeleton, and the material performance was greatly enhanced by the layered core–shell structure. When the thickness was only 2.04 mm, the effective absorption bandwidth was 5.67 GHz, and the minimum reflection loss(RLmin) was-70.70 d B. At a thickness of 1.861 mm, the sample calcined at 700 ℃ had a RLmin of-63.25 d B. All samples performed well with a reduced filler ratio of 15 wt%. This paper provides a method for making lightweight core–shell composite MA materials with magnetoelectric synergy.

GAMYB transcription factor LoMYB65 from lily plays a vital role in pollen development

Lily(Lilium spp.)is an important horticultural crop,but its use is limited due to serious pollen contamination problems.There are many studies on pollen development in model plants,but few on flower crops such as lilies.Gibberellin(GA)is a large class of hormones and plays an important role in plant vegetative growth and reproductive development.GAMYB is a group of the R2R3-MYB family upregulated by gibberellin,and plays an important role in anther development.Here,we isolated a novel GAMYB,named LoMYB65,from lily,which was closely related to the AtMYB65 and AtMYB33 in Arabidopsis.Fluorescence quantitative PCR results showed that LoMYB65 was mainly expressed in lily anthers.LoMYB65 could be activated by 288μmol·L^(-1)GA3treatment and the LoMYB65 protein was located in the nucleus and cytoplasm,and had transactivation in yeast and tobacco leaf cells.The conserved motif within 226 amino acids of the C-terminal of LoMYB65 contributed to its transactivation.Overexpression of LoMYB65 caused dwarf phenotype,unnormal tapetum development,less seeds of siliques in transgenic Arabidopsis plants,the transgenic plants showed partly male sterile.Simultaneously,silencing of LoMYB65 with VIGS(Virus Induced Gene Silencing)in lily anthers caused unnormal pollen development and reduced the pollen amount.Overexpression of LoMYB65 in Arabidopsis and silencing of LoMYB65 in lily resulted in decreased pollen counts,so we speculate that LoMYB65 may be dose-dependent.Overall,these findings suggest that LoMYB65 may play an important role in anther development and pollen formation in lily.LoMYB65 may provide a useful candidate gene for pollenless breeding of lily.

Prelithiation Enhances Cycling Life of Lithium-Ion Batteries:A Mini Review

During the last decade,the rapid development of lithium-ion battery(LIB)energy storage systems has provided significant support for the efficient operation of renewable energy stations.In the coming years,the service life demand of energy storage systems will be further increased to 30 years from the current 20 years on the basis of the equivalent service life of renewable energy stations.However,the life of the present LIB is far from meeting such high demand.Therefore,research on the next-generation LIB with ultra-long service life is imminent.Prelithiation technology has been widely studied as an important means to compensate for the initial coulombic efficiency loss and improve the service life of LIBs.This review systematically summarized the different prelithiation methods from anode and cathode electrodes.Moreover,the large-scale industrialization challenge and the possibility of the existing prelithiation technology are analyzed,based on three key parameters:industry compatibility,prelithiation efficiency,and energy density.Finally,the future trends of improvement in LIB performance by other overlithiated cathode materials are presented,which gives a reference for subsequent research.

LIWRKY39 is involved in thermotolerance by activating LIMBF1c and interacting with LICaM3 in lily(Lilium longiflorum)

WRKY transcription factors(TFs)are of great importance in plant responses to different abiotic stresses.However,research on their roles in the regulation of thermotolerance remains limited.Here,we investigated the function of LlWRKY39 in the thermotolerance of lily(Lilium longiflorum‘white heaven’).According to multiple alignment analyses,LIWRKY39 is in the WRKY IId subclass and contains a potential calmodulin(CaM)-binding domain.Further analysis has shown that LlCaM3 interacts with LlWRKY39 by binding to its CaM-binding domain,and this interaction depends on Ca^(2).LIWRKY39 was induced by heat stress(HS),and the LIWRKY39-GFP fusion protein was detected in the nucleus.The thermotolerance of lily and Arabidopsis was increased with the ectopic overexpression of LlWRKY39.The expression of heat-related genes AtHSFA1,AtHSFA2,AtMBF1c,AtGolS1,AtDREB2A,AtWRKY39,and AtHSP101 was significantly elevated in transgenic Arabidopsis lines,which might have promoted an increase in thermotolerance.Then,the promoter of LlMBF1c was isolated from lily,and LlWRKY39 was found to bind to the conserved W-box element in its promoter to activate its activity,suggesting that LlWRKY39 is an upstream regulator of LlMBF1c.In addition,a dual-luciferase reporter assay showed that via protein interaction,LlCaM3 negatively affected LlWRKY39 in the transcriptional activation of LlMBF1c,which might be an important feedback regulation pathway to balance the LlWRKY39-mediated heat stress response(HSR).Collectively,these results imply that LlWRKY39 might participate in the HSR as an important regulator through Ca^(2+)-CaM and multiprotein bridging factor pathways.

Radiating frequency of three-loop mesoscopic LC circuit with mutual inductance obtained by IEO method

Instead of normally tackling electric circuits by virtue oI the Klrctllaott＇s theorem wnose aim is to uerlvc voxt^gc, electric current, and electric impedence, our aim in this paper is to derive the characteristic frequency of a three-loop mesoscopic LC circuit with three mutual inductances, e.g., for the radiating frequency of the three-loop LC oscillator, we adopt the invariant eigen-operator （lEO） method to realize our aim.

High-efficiency Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of chrysanthemum via vacuum infiltration of internode

Leaf disc transformation is one of the traditional methods that are now widely used in chrysanthemum with highly economical and ornamental value in world flower production,but it depends on plant genotypes and is time consuming and complicated.In addition,the transformation success rate of this method is low,generally ranging from 0.1%to 6.25%.Therefore,a highly efficient transformation system is needed.In this study,we are the first to establish a high-efficient chrysanthemum Agrobacterium-mediated transformation system via vacuum infiltration.Chrysanthemum stem internode explants were used as research material and CmLEC1 was used as a reporter gene.After approximately 3 months of culture and selection,the positive transgenic plants were obtained.Additionally,the positive probability was about 42%.The transformation efficiency was up to 37.7%,and if the escapes were removed,it was 16%.Furthermore,stable expression of CmLEC1 in transgenic'Yuhualuoying'was confirmed by qRT-PCR analysis.These results suggest that this genetic transformation system via vacuum infiltration of chrysanthemum stem internode is highly efficient and convenient,and much better than traditional leaf disc transformation,and it will play an important role in chrysanthemum transformation and functional genetics research.

The transcription factor CmLEC1 positively regulates the seed-setting rate in hybridization breeding of chrysanthemum

Distant hybridization is widely used to develop crop cultivars,whereas the hybridization process of embryo abortion often severely reduces the sought-after breeding effect.The LEAFY COTYLEDON1(LEC1)gene has been extensively investigated as a central regulator of seed development,but it is far less studied in crop hybridization breeding.Here we investigated the function and regulation mechanism of CmLEC1 from Chrysanthemum morifolium during its seed development in chrysanthemum hybridization.CmLEC1 encodes a nucleic protein and is specifically expressed in embryos.CmLEC1’s overexpression significantly promoted the seed-setting rate of the cross,while the rate was significantly decreased in the amiR-CmLEC1 transgenic chrysanthemum.The RNA-Seq analysis of the developing hybrid embryos revealed that regulatory genes involved in seed development,namely,CmLEA(late embryogenesis abundant protein),CmOLE(oleosin),CmSSP(seed storage protein),and CmEM(embryonic protein),were upregulated in the OE(overexpressing)lines but downregulated in the amiR lines vs.wild-type lines.Future analysis demonstrated that CmLEC1 directly activated CmLEA expression and interacted with CmC3H,and this CmLEC1–CmC3H interaction could enhance the transactivation ability of CmLEC1 for the expression of CmLEA.Further,CmLEC1 was able to induce several other key genes related to embryo development.Taken together,our results show that CmLEC1 plays a positive role in the hybrid embryo development of chrysanthemum plants,which might involve activating CmLEA’s expression and interacting with CmC3H.This may be a new pathway in the LEC1 regulatory network to promote seed development,one perhaps leading to a novel strategy to not only overcome embryo abortion during crop breeding but also increase the seed yield.

On the use of cross polarization in solid-state NMR:1 H spinlock versus adiabatic demagnetization in the rotating frame

Cross polarization(CP)is a widely used solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR)technique for enhancing the polarization of dilute S spins from much larger polarization of abundant I spins such as 1 H.To achieve such a polarization transfer,the I spin should either be spin-locked or be converted to the dipolar ordered state through adiabatic demagnetization in the rotating frame.In this work,we analyze the spin dynamics of the Hartmann-Hahn CP(HHCP)utilizing the 1 H spin-locking,and the dipolar-order CP(DOCP)having the 1 H adiabatic demagnetization.We further propose an adiabatic demagnetization CP(ADCP)where a constant radio-frequency pulse is applied on the S spin while 1 H is adiabatically demagnetized.Our analyses indicate that ADCP utilizes the adiabatic passage to effectively achieve the polarization transfer from the 1 H to S spins.In addition,the dipolar ordered state generated during the 1 H demagnetization process could also be converted into the observable S polarization through DOCP,further enhancing the polarized signals.It is shown by both static and magic-angle-spinning(MAS)NMR experiments that ADCP has dramatically broadened the CP matching condition over the other CP schemes.Various samples have been used to demonstrate the polarization transfer efficiency of this newly proposed ADCP scheme.

Overexpression of lily LlWRKY22 enhances multiple abiotic stress tolerances in transgenic Arabidopsis

In our previous study,a heat-induced differentially expressed WRKY-IIe gene LlWRKY22 is isolated from lily(Lilium longiflorum),which acts as a positive role in thermotolerance,but whether it is involved in other stress responses is unknown.Here,the expression of LlWRKY22 was indicated to be positively influenced by heat,salt,or mannitol treatments,and its promoter activity was also enhanced after heat,salt,or mannitol treatments.In addition,LlWRKY22 responded to ABA treatment,which activated its expression and also increased the promoter activity.Overexpression of LlWRKY22 in Arabidopsis contributed to growth defects and early flowering.Simultaneously,compared with the wild type,the ABA sensitivity in transgenic lines was increased in both the germination stage and late growth stage.Further analysis showed that LlWRKY22 overexpression elevated the thermotolerance of transgenic plants and induced the expression of AtDREB2A,AtDREB2B,AtDREB2C,and AtJUB1.The salt and mannitol tolerances of the overexpression lines were also improved.Overall,our results illustrated that LlWRKY22 is affected by heat,salt,and osmotic stresses,and positively regulates heat,salt,and osmotic tolerances,which reveals that it acts as a generalist character responding to different abiotic stresses.And further to that,the regulatory pathway of LlWRKY22 also involves in ABA signaling.

Screening and functional analysis of potential S genes in Chrysanthemum morifolium

S genes are the key genes that cause plant self-incompatibility,to find out the key S genes and understand molecular mechanism of self-incompatibility in chrysanthemum,the stigmas and anthers at different developmental stages of'Q10-22-2'—a self-incompatible chrysanthemum cultivar,were used for RNA sequencing.After bioinformatics analysis,13 candidate pistil S genes and five candidate pollen S genes were excavated.A potential pistil S gene was cloned and named as CmSRK1.Meanwhile,a potential pollen S gene was cloned and named as CmPCP1.qRT-PCR revealed that CmSRK1 was specifically expressed in mature stigmas,and CmPCP1 was specifically expressed in anthers 3 d before maturation.Subcellular localization showed that both CmSRK1 and CmPCP1 were located in the nucleus and the cell membrane.Transcriptional activation activity analysis indicated that both of the two proteins had no transcriptional activation activity.Yeast two hybrid assay showed that there was no interaction between CmSRK1 and CmPCP1.CmSRK1 was constructed on the expression vector containing stigma-specific promoter,and CmPCP1 was constructed on the expression vector containing pollen-specific promoter,they were then transformed into Arabidopsis thaliana.Artificial hybridization was performed with transgenic lines containing CmSRK1 as the female parents,and transgenic lines containing CmPCP1 as the male parents.The hybridization results showed that seed sets of two transgenic lines were 19.62%and 11.64%,respectively,while cross-pollinated seed sets of Col-0 was 84.43%.Therefore,it was speculated that CmSRK1 and CmPCP1 might be pistil and pollen S genes of chrysanthemum,respectively,and SI of chrysanthemum belonged to SSI.Citation:Wang F,Xu S,Wu Z,Zhong X,Fang W,et al.2021.Screening and functional analysis of potential S genes in Chrysanthemum morifolium.

传承弘扬爱国主义精神 推进佛教中国化走深走实

爱国主义是中华民族最重要的精神财富,是中国人民和中华民族维护民族独立和民族尊严的强大精神动力。制定和施行《爱国主义教育法》,以法治方式,推动和保障新时代爱国主义教育广泛深入开展,对进一步振奋民族精神、凝聚人民力量,开创中华民族伟大复兴新局面,具有十分重大且深远的意义。

Zero-to ultralow-field nuclear magnetic resonance and its applications

As a complementary analysis tool to conventional high-field nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR),zero-to ultralow-field(ZULF)NMR detects nuclear magnetization signals in the sub-microtesla regime.Spin-exchange relaxation-free(SERF)atomic magnetometers provide a new generation of sensitive detectors for ZULF NMR.Owing to features such as low cost,high resolution,and portability,ZULF NMR has recently attracted considerable attention in chemistry,biology,medicine,and tests of fundamental physics.This review describes the basic principles,methodology,and recent experimental and theoretical development of ZULF NMR as well as its applications in spectroscopy,quantum control,imaging,NMR-based quantum devices,and tests of fundamental physics.The future prospects of ZULF NMR are also discussed.

A LIMYB305‑LlC3H18‑LIWRKY33 module regulates thermotolerance in lily

The CCCH proteins play important roles in plant growth and development,hormone response,pathogen defense and abiotic stress tolerance.However,the knowledge of their roles in thermotolerance are scarce.Here,we identified a heat-inducible CCCH gene LlC3H18 from lily.LIC3H18 was localized in the cytoplasm and nucleus under normal conditions,while it translocated in the cytoplasmic foci and co-located with the markers of two messenger ribonucleoprotein(mRNP)granules,processing bodies(PBs)and stress granules(SGs)under heat stress conditions,and it also exhibited RNA-binding ability.In addition,LIC3H18 exhibited transactivation activity in both yeast and plant cells.In lily and Arabidopsis,overexpression of LIC3H18 damaged their thermotolerances,and silencing of LIC3H18 in lily also impaired its thermotolerance.Similarly,Arabidopsis atc3h18 mutant also showed decreased thermotolerance.These results indicated that the appropriate expression of C3H18 was crucial for establishing thermotolerance.Further analysis found that LIC3H18 directly bound to the promoter of LIWRKY33 and activated its expression.Besides,it was found that LIMYB305 acted as an upstream factor of LlC3H18 and activated its expression.In conclusion,we demonstrated that there may be a LIMYB305-LlC3H18-LIWRKY33 regulatory module in lily that is involved in the establishment of thermotolerance and finely regulates heat stress response.

尿源性卵泡刺激素用于促排卵治疗的临床疗效、安全性与经济性:基于102 061个体外受精周期的多中心回顾性队列研究

目的:探讨尿源性卵泡刺激素(uFSH)与重组卵泡刺激素(rFSH)在控制性促排卵中的有效性、安全性和费用差异。方法:本研究是一项回顾性队列研究。数据来自全国16家生殖中心,所收集周期的取卵时间为2015年5月1日至2018年6月30日,使用uFSH(uFSH组)或rFSH(rFSH组)作为起始促性腺激素(Gn)进行控制性促排卵,并使用体外受精(IVF)和(或)卵母细胞胞质内单精子注射进行受精的新鲜周期。由于同一患者可多次接受IVF周期治疗且在同一中心内进行的周期间不独立,故使用广义估计方程进行多因素分析,纳入调整的变量包括年龄、体质指数、抗苗勒管激素水平、不孕原因、促排卵方案、受精方式、移植胚胎数、Gn使用天数。结果:本研究共纳入102 061个新鲜周期进行分析。在有效性方面,当控制不平衡的基线特征后,与rFSH组相比,uFSH组的高获卵数(定义为获卵数>15个)率显著降低(促性腺激素释放激素激动剂方案: OR=0.642, P<0.01;促性腺激素释放激素拮抗剂方案: OR=0.556, P=0.001)。对比于rFSH组,无论激动剂方案还是拮抗剂方案,uFSH组每移植周期的临床妊娠率和每移植周期的活产率均显著增加( OR=1.179、1.169, P均<0.01)。在安全性方面,多因素分析结果显示,在激动剂方案中,与rFSH组相比,uFSH组中重度卵巢过度刺激综合征(OHSS)的发生率显著降低( OR=0.644, P=0.002);在所有方案中,uFSH组与rFSH组的异位妊娠率和多胎妊娠率差异均不显著( P=0.890、0.470)。在费用方面,与rFSH组相比,uFSH组的人均Gn总花费降低( P<0.01),rFSH组的预计成本为6 734元,uFSH组为3 880元。 结论:对于接受控制性促排卵的患者,uFSH相对于rFSH在安全性和经济性方面更有优势。

Cytological and Molecular Characteristics of Pollen Abortion in Lily with Dysplastic Tapetum

Lily was grown worldwide as a fresh cutting flower because of its colorful petals, but its anther contained a large number of pollen grains that cause serious pollen contamination, however, pollen abortion can effectively reduce the level of pollen pollution. Our analysis aims to use cytological observation to detect the critical stage when pollen abortion occurs and to provide comprehensive gene expression information at the transcriptional level. The result showed that pollen abortion in ‘Little Kiss’ began at the mononuclear stage and the callose that covers the microspores failed to degenerate when young pollens were released from the tetrads. In addition, compared with the normally developed one,the tapetum of ‘Little Kiss’ degraded in advance while the degradation of callose was delayed. Furthermore, 103 differentially expressed genes(DEGs) related to the advance degeneration of tapetum cells and callose were found in the expression levels, including 22 transcription factors(TFs). In particular, two β-glucanase genes(endo-1,3(4)-β-glucanase, exo-β-glucanase) responsible for callose degeneration were significantly down-regulated. These results suggested that pollen abortion may occur at mononuclear stage and that early degeneration of tapetum cells resulted in a significant down-regulation of β-glucanase genes. As a result, the callose to cover microspores impedes the formation of pollen walls, which may possibly lead to pollen abortion.

Enhanced photocatalytic properties of molybdenum-doped BiVO4 prepared by sol–gel method

Bismuth vanadate（BiVO4） has been investigated intensively and extensively due to its potential applications in the photocatalytic treatment of organiccontaining wastewater.In this study,Mo-BiVO4 samples were synthesized by a facile sol-gel process.These samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction（XRD）,transmission electron microscopy（TEM）,and ultravioletvisible（UV-Vis） diffuse reflectance spectroscopy.It is found that the phase structure of Mo-BiVO4 photocatalyst is monoclinic scheelite.The photocatalytic activities of the obtained BiVO4 samples were investigated by means of the decolorization efficiency of methyl orange（MO）.The BiVO4 and Mo-BiVO4 photocatalysts show the response on the visible light.The doped BiVO4 photocatalysts show higher decolorization efficiency than that of bare BiVO4.

Comparison of in vitro digestion methods for determining bioaccessibility of Hg in rice of China

Rice consumption can be a major pathway for mercury（Hg） exposure, which can cause health hazards to Chinese residents. To accurately assess the potential health risks, the bioaccessibility of Hg in rice samples collected at background and Hg-contamination sites was examined using four in vitro methods. The results showed that 〈 50% of the total mercury（THg） was bioaccessible in the studied rice samples. The THg bioaccessibility in the rice samples collected at the Hg-contaminated site was higher than that observed at the background area. The bioaccessibility of arsenic（As） and cadmium（Cd） was also evaluated for comparison of the four in vitro methods used in this study. The Physiologically Based Extraction Test was found to be the most accurate method based on the consistency of the results compared to those reported in previous studies. The estimated daily intakes of THg via rice consumption using the bioaccessibility data were found to meet the recommendation value set by the JECFA and the WHO in both sites. However, the potential health risk was not negligible at the Hg-contaminated sites, due to the high THg concentration and bioaccessibility in the rice samples.

Assessing the factors impacting the bioaccessibility of mercury(Hg) in rice consumption by an in-vitro method

Mercury(Hg) in rice is drawing mounting concern since methylmercury(MeHg) was found capable of accumulating in rice. In-vitro bioaccessibility is a feasible and reliable method to assess the health effects of Hg in rice and has been utilized in a number of studies. This study was done to investigate the impact of cultivar, planting location, and cooking on the total mercury(THg) and MeHg bioaccessibility of rice, for which multiple statistical analysis methods were used to analyze the significance of their effects. The THg concentrations of rice samples taken from non-Hg contaminated areas of China were all below 15 ng/g and their MeHg concentrations were below 2 ng/g. Cooking could significantly reduce the MeHg bioaccessibility of rice because the MeHg was mainly combined with protein and the protein will be denatured during the cooking process, and then the denatured MeHg is difficult to be dissolved into the liquid phase. Indica-and japonica-type rice cultivars did not show significant differentiation in either the concentration of Hg or its bioaccessibility. However, the glutinous rice type differed significantly from the above rice types, and it showed greater bioaccessibility of THg and MeHg due to its distinct protein contents and starch properties. Planting location can affect the Hg concentration in rice and THg bioaccessibility but has a limited impact on MeHg bioaccessibility. Based on these results, two macro factors(rice cultivar, planting location) are presumed to impact Hg bioaccessibility by how they affect micro factors(i.e., Hg forms).