Characteristics of corneal dystrophies:a review from clinical,histological and genetic perspectives

Corneal dystrophy is a common type of hereditary corneal diseases. It includes many types, which have varied pathology, histology and clinical manifestations. Recently, the examination techniques of ophthalmology and gene sequencing advance greatly, which do benefit to our understanding of these diseases. However, many aspects remain still unknown. And due to the poor knowledge of these diseases, the results of the treatments are not satisfactory. The purpose of this review was to summarize the clinical, histological and genetic characteristics of different types of corneal dystrophies.

Influences of personality characteristics and coping modes on anxiety in primary glaucoma patients

AIM: To examine the influences of personality characteristics and coping modes on the anxiety of primary glaucoma patients.METHODS: A total of 200 individuals, including 50 with primary angle-closure glaucoma, 60 with primary open angle glaucoma and 90 control participants, filled out the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, NEO Five-Factor Inventory, and Medical Coping Modes Questionnaire. Sociodemographic information was also collected. Data were analyzed via the Spearman rank correlation test and stepwise regression.RESULTS: The personality and coping variables are predictive and jointly account for a significant amount (45.3%-54.2%) of variance across the two subscales of anxiety measures. Notably, neuroticism seems to be most closely related to anxiety disturbances in glaucoma patients. The level of resignation is positively linked to anxiety scores.CONCLUSION: Some personality factors and coping modes help to predict the process of anxiety disorders in primary glaucoma patients. Recognizing the predictive role of these variables in the patients may further enrich clinical research in glaucoma and help to design more effective interventions involving both ophthalmology and psychiatry.

The 100 most influential papers about cataract surgery:a bibliometric analysis

AIM：To identify the 100 most cited papers in cataract surgery,we performed a comprehensive bibliometric analysis basing on the literature search on the Thomson Reuters Web of Knowledge.METHODS：The number of citations,including the total citations,latest 5y citations and average citation number per year（ACY）,authorship,year of publication,major topics,journal of publication,country and institution of origin of each paper were recorded and then analyzed.Pearson’s correlation analysis was conducted to evaluate the correlation between the published year and the number of citations.The correlation between journal’s impact factor（IF）and number of citations was assessed as well.RESULTS：The most cited paper was the classic paper done by the European Society of Cataract＆Refractive Surgeons（ESCRS）group.This paper focused on the topic of endophthalmitis.Not only the most cited papers originated from the USA,but also some American institutions like Johns Hopkins University,Harvard Medical School,etc.had the most citations.Pearson’s correlation analysis indicated that the latest 5y citations and ACY were significantly related with the published year（5y citations：r=0.615,P〈0.001;ACY：r=0.657,P〈0.001）,whereas no association between the total number of citations and published year was found（r=0.045）.Moreover,the IFs of journals were found to have no significant effect on the number of total citations.CONCLUSION：To our knowledge,this is the first study on the most influential papers in cataract surgery aftera comprehensive research of relevant literatures.The present work may provide us concise information concerning the development history of cataract surgery over the past 66y.

A multi-omics study on cutaneous and uveal melanoma

AIM:To present the multi-omics landscape of cutaneous melanoma(CM)and uveal melanoma(UM)from The Cancer Genome Atlas(TCGA).METHODS:The differentially expressed genes(DEGs)between CM and UM were found and integrated into a gene ontology enrichment analysis.Besides,the differentially expressed miRNAs were also identified.We also compared the methylation level of CM with UM and identified the differentially methylated regions to integrate with the DEGs to display the relationship between the gene expression and DNA methylation.The differentially expressed transcription factors(TFs)were identified.RESULTS:Though CM had more mutational burden than UM,they shared several similarities such as the same rankings in diverse variant types.Except GNAQ and GNA11,the other top 18 mutated genes of the combined group were mostly detected in CM instead of UM.On the transcriptomic level,4610 DEGs were found and integrated into a gene ontology enrichment analysis.We also identified 485 differentially expressed miRNAs.The methylation analysis showed that UM had a significantly higher methylation level than CM.The integration of differentially methylated regions and DEGs demonstrated that most DEGs were downregulated in UM and the hypo-and hypermethylation presented no obvious difference within these DEGs.Finally,116 hypermethylated TFs and 114 hypomethylated TFs were identified as differentially expressed TFs in CM when compared with UM.CONCLUSION:This multi-omics study on comparing CM with UM confirms that they differ in all analyzed levels.Of notice,the results also offer new insights with implications for elucidating certain unclear problems such as the distinct role of epithelial mesenchymal transition in two melanomas,the different metastatic routes of CM and UM and the liver tropism of metastatic UM.