Overcoming neutrophil-induced immunosuppression in postoperative cancer therapy: Combined sialic acid-modified liposomes with scaffold-based vaccines

Immunotherapy is a promising approach for preventing postoperative tumor recurrence and metastasis. However, inflammatory neutrophils, recruited to the postoperative tumor site, have been shown to exacerbate tumor regeneration and limit the efficacy of cancer vaccines. Consequently, addressing postoperative immunosuppression caused by neutrophils is crucial for improving treatment outcomes. This study presents a combined chemoimmunotherapeutic strategy that employs a biocompatible macroporous scaffold-based cancer vaccine (S-CV) and a sialic acid (SA)-modified, doxorubicin (DOX)-loaded liposomal platform (DOX@SAL). The S-CV contains whole tumor lysates as antigens and imiquimod (R837, Toll-like receptor 7 activator)-loaded PLGA nanoparticles as immune adjuvants for cancer, which enhance dendritic cell activation and cytotoxic T cell proliferation upon localized implantation. When administered intravenously, DOX@SAL specifically targets and delivers drugs to activated neutrophils in vivo, mitigating neutrophil infiltration and suppressing postoperative inflammatory responses. In vivo and vitro experiments have demonstrated that S-CV plus DOX@SAL, a combined chemo-immunotherapeutic strategy, has a remarkable potential to inhibit postoperative local tumor recurrence and distant tumor progression, with minimal systemic toxicity, providing a new concept for postoperative treatment of tumors.

Sb-Cu alloy cathode with a novel lithiation mechanism of ternary intermetallic formation: Enabling high energy density and superior rate capability of liquid metal battery

Antimony(Sb) is an attractive cathode for liquid metal batteries(LMBs) because of its high theoretical voltage and low cost.The main obstacles associated with the Sb-based cathodes are unsatisfactory energy density and poor rate-capability.Herein,we propose a novel Sb_(64)Cu_(36)cathode that effectively tackles these issues.The Sb_(64)Cu_(36)(melting point:525℃) cathode presents a novel lithiation mechanism involving sequentially the generation of Li_(2)CuSb,the formation of Li_(3)Sb,and the conversion reaction of Li_(2)CuSb to Li_(3)Sb and Cu.The generated intermetallic compounds show a unique microstructure of the upper floated Li_(2)CuSb layer and the below cross-linked structure with interpenetrated Li_(2)CuSb and Li_(3)Sb phases.Compared with Li_(3)Sb,the lower Li migration energy barrier(0.188 eV) of Li_(2)CuSb significantly facilitates the lithium diffusion across the intermediate compounds and accelerates the reaction kinetics.Consequently,the Li‖Sb_(64)Cu_(36)cell delivers a more excellent electrochemical performance(energy density:353 W h kg^(-1)at 0.4 A cm^(-2);rate capability:0.59 V at 2.0 A cm^(-2)),and a much lower energy storage cost of only 38.45 $ kW h^(-1)than other previously reported Sb-based LMBs.This work provides a novel cathode design concept for the development of high-performance LMBs in applications for large-scale energy storage.

Enhanced photocatalytic performance of polymeric C_3N_4 doped with theobromine composed of an imidazole ring and a pyrimidine ring

Molecular doping has been proven to be an effective approach to adjusting the electronic structure of polymeric carbon nitride(PCN)and thus improving its optical properties and photocatalytic activity.Herein,theobromine,a compound composed of an imidazole ring and a pyrimidine ring,was first copolymerized with urea to prepared doped PCN.Experimental investigations and theoretical calculations indicate that,a narrowing in band gap and a positive shift in valence band positon happened to the theobromine doped PCN,owing to the synergistic effect between the pyrimidine ring and the imidazole ring in the theobromine molecule.Moreover,it is shown that the doping with theobromine at a suitable mass fraction makes the obtained sample exhibit decreased photoluminescent emission,enhanced photocurrent density,and reduced charge-transport resistance.Consequently,an enhancement in the photocatalytic activity for water oxidation is found for the sample,which oxygen evolution rate is 4.43 times higher than that of the undoped PCN.This work sheds light on the choice of the molecular dopants for PCN to improve its photocatalytic performance.

Piezoelectric composite hydrogel with wireless electrical stimulation enhances motor functional recovery of spinal cord injury

Electrical stimulation(ES)can restore motor function after spinal cord injury(SCI).However,traditional intraspinal ES has many disadvantages,such as the need for a complex circuitry device,an external power source,and a second surgery to remove the implant.Piezoelectric materials have received increasing at-tention due to their potential to convert ambient mechanical energy into ES without an external power source or implantation of electrodes.Herein,a novel polydopamine(PDA)coated barium titanate(BaTiO_(3))nanoparticles(BaTiO_(3)@PDA)incorporated silk fibroin(SF)hydrogel(SFBT)was established.The SFBT hy-drogel was crosslinked by horseradish peroxidase(HRP)/hydrogel peroxide(H_(2)O_(2))to integrate the piezo-electric potency of BaTiO_(3)with the thermal sensitivity of HRP/H_(2)O_(2)for SCI recovery.The hydrogel con-taining 5%(w/v)BaTiO_(3)@PDA nanoparticles(SFBT-5),which was selected for in vivo study,exhibited a short gelation time(5 min),suitable storage modulus(925±35 Pa),and wireless ES(average current of 124 nA).Moreover,Basso-Beattie-Bresnahan(BBB)scores test and footprint analysis demonstrated that the SFBT-5 hydrogel successfully enhanced motor functional recovery of SCI.In histopathological assess-ments,the SFBT-5 hydrogel significantly accelerated spinal cord healing,as indicated by smaller lesion cavities(∼16.7%of the SCI group).Meanwhile,the SFBT-5 hydrogel accelerated neurogenesis,facilitated axon regrowth and synapse formation,and promoted remyelination.Overall,this study highlights the potential of piezoelectric hydrogels for SCI regeneration.

The Impact of Industrial Policy on Photovoltaic Enterprise Risk Using an LDA Based-Deep Neural Network Model

The development and utilization of new and renewable resources of energy has become an important layout of the development strategy in China.Photovoltaic industry is an important strategic emerging industry for the development and utilization of new energy in China.Therefore,it is important for the government to make policy to ensure the stable and orderly development of photovoltaic enterprises to accelerate the industrial structure transition in China.This paper collects the policies on photovoltaic industry,and then analyzes the industrial policy with Latent Dirichlet Allocation(LDA).LDA is generally used in document topic label extraction and recommendation system.However,this paper applies it to policy theme analysis to study the impact of policy information flow on the risk of photovoltaic enterprises.Previous studies on photovoltaic enterprise risk examined traditional financial indicators,such as asset-liability Ratio and ROE.However,the textual information in the industrial policy has rarely been studied to quantitatively analyze photovoltaic enterprise risk.In our proposed method,LDA is first used to extract the text features hiding in the text of the industrial policies,and deep neural networks then are trained on the data,which include the text features and traditional numeric features for predict photovoltaic enterprise risk.The experimental results show that the industrial policy of the current quarter has a significant effect on photovoltaic enterprise risk.Compared with this,the industrial policy of last quarter has a weak impact on the photovoltaicenterprise risk.The proposed model is a useful tool for the prediction of the photovoltaic enterprise risk.