The synergistic regulatory effect of PTP1B and PTK inhibitors on the development of Oedaleus decorus asiaticus Bei-Bienko

Tyrosine phosphorylation is crucial for controlling normal cell growth,survival,intercellular communication,gene transcription,immune responses,and other processes.protein tyrosine phosphatase(PTP)and protein tyrosine kinases(PTK)can achieve this goal by regulating multiple signaling pathways.Oedaleus decorus asiaticus is an important pest that infests the Mongolian Plateau grassland.We aimed to evaluate the survival rate,growth rate,overall performance,and ovarian developmental morphology of the 4th instar nymphs of O.decorus asiaticus while inhibiting the activity of protein tyrosine phosphatase-1B(PTP1B)and PTK.In addition,the expression and protein phosphorylation levels of key genes in the MAPK signaling pathway and antioxidant enzyme activity were assessed.The results showed no significant differences in survival rate,growth rate,or overall performance between PTP1B inhibitor treatment and control.However,after PTK inhibitor treatment,these indexes were significantly lower than those in the control.The ovarian size of female larvae after 15 days of treatment with PTK inhibitors showed significantly slower development,while female larvae treated with PTP1B exhibited faster ovarian growth than the control group.In comparison to controls and nymphs treated with PTK inhibitors,the expression and phosphorylation levels of key genes in the MAPK signaling pathway under PTP1B inhibitor treatments were significantly higher in 4th instar nymphs.However,reactiveoxygen(ROS)species levels and the activities of NADPH oxidase and other antioxidant enzymes were considerably reduced,although they were significantly greater in the PTK inhibitor treatment.The results suggest that PTP1B and PTK feedback inhibition in the mitogen-activated-protein kinases(MAPK)signal transfer can regulate the physiological metabolism of the insect as well as its developmental rate.These findings can facilitate future uses of PTP1B and PTK inhibitors in controlling insect development to help control pest populations.

Mitigating the negative catalytic effect of CuO by FAS-17 coated Al nanopowder:Isothermal ageing of Al/CuO nanothermite at 71°C and 60%relative humidity

The safety and reliability of weapon systems would be significantly affected by changes in the performance of energetic materials due to ambient temperature and humidity.Nanothermites have promising applications due to their excellent reactivity.Therefore it becomes extremely important to understand their aging and failure process in the environment before using them.Here,the aging and failure process of Al/CuO in 71°C/60%RH were investigated,and showed that CuO nanoparticles negatively catalyze Al nanopowders,resulting in rapid hydration.The anti-aging effect of FAS-17-coated Al nanopowder was also examined.The aging process of Al,Al/CuO,and Al@FAS-17/CuO in high humidity and heat environment were revealed by quasi-in situ SEM and TEM methods.Compared with the aging of pure Al,the Al nanopowder in the nanothermites strongly agglomerated with the CuO nanopowder and hydrated earlier.This may be caused by CuO catalyzed hydration of Al nanopowder.The energy release experiments showed that the performance of Al/CuO decreased rapidly and failed to ignite after 4 h of aging.In contrast,the Al@FAS-17/CuO thermite can achieve long-term stability of up to 60 h in the same environment by simple cladding of FAS-17.It is found that FAS-17 coated Al nanopowder can prevent both particle agglomeration and water erosion,which is an effective means to make nanothermites application in high humidity and heat environment.

Role of atmospheric factors in forcing Arctic sea ice variability

The spatial structure of the Arctic sea ice concentration(SIC)variability and the connection to atmospheric as well as radiative forcing during winter and summer for the 1979–2017 period are investigated.The interannual variability with different spatial characteristics of SIC in summer and winter is extracted using the empirical orthogonal function(EOF)analysis.The present study confirms that the atmospheric circulation has a strong influence on the SIC through both dynamic and thermodynamic processes,as the heat flux anomalies in summer are radiatively forced while those in winter contain both radiative and“circulation-induced”components.Thus,atmospheric fluctuations have an explicit and extensive influence to the SIC through complex mechanisms during both seasons.Moreover,analysis of a variety of atmospheric variables indicates that the primary mechanism about specific regional SIC patterns in Arctic marginal seas are different with special characteristics.

System Position and Divergent Time of Based on ITS Sequence <i>Humulus scandens</i>

This article mainly studied Humulus scandens’ ITS sequence, its system position and its divergent time. ITS is 624 bp with a GC percentage content of 57.21%. It only has the variation in 585 (C changes T), systematic position in Humulus lupulus (GenBank: EF136401) and Humulus scandens (GenBank: FJ980285), Humulus lupulus (GenBank: DQ005990), with Humulus scandens (GenBank: FJ980285), Humulus lupulus (GenBank: DQ005990) has the near sibship. Humulus in Moraceae family system position between Cudrania tricuspidata and Artocarpeae, support the Cannabiodeae promotion for Cannabinaceae. The divergent time of Humulus is 70.88 mya in Moraceae, Humulus scandens and Humulus lupulus (GenBank: EF136401) is 12.78 mya, with Humulus scandens (GenBank: FJ980285), Humulus lupulus (GenBank: DQ005990) is 1.10 mya. In the Moraceae branch’s molecular systematics research, the suitable choice is to choose Humulus scandens as Moraceae’s outgroup.

Geckos Distributing Adhesion to Toes in Upside-down Running Offers Bioinspiration to Robots

Discoveries in geckos locomotion have advanced the bio-inspired robotics.However,the gecko-inspired robots still lag behind animals in attachments and maneuvers due to our failure to understand and implement gecko bionics thoroughly.Here,we studied the toe deployments that facilitate the upside-down motion of geckos by focusing on the directions and contact area of toes to offer inspirations for the design and control of feet of legged robots that must operate on inverted surfaces.Instead of clustering toes,geckos align toes in varying directions.They distribute adhesion to toes by controlling the magnitude of contact area,with one square millimeter setae generating〜153.8 mN shear force and〜39.5 mN attractive force on ceilings.Front feet deploy toes in a〜190°span that centers on〜16°from the motion direction.Toes distribute uniformly and contribute similarly.Whereas,hind feet deploy toes in a〜220°span centering around^90°relative to the fore-aft direction.The last two toes point toward the rear and contribute most in hind feet while the first two toes adhere barely.Such deployments involving distributed control among toes not only provide insight into biological adhesion but will also deliver useful information to the next generation of climbing robotics.

Value and governance of high-speed railway

This paper considers multiple perspectives to explore the concept of high-speed railway(HSR),rationally abstract its value formation mechanism, and quantitatively measure its actual performance. This paper analyzes the governance potential of major countries in the high-speed railway value chain and studies the feasible ways and development strategies to enhance the highspeed railway governance in China. Findings of this paper are as follows. First, the government, as the early manager of high-speed railway governance, has given way to Siemens and other integrated enterprises. Second, the highspeed railway standard output has become the core competitiveness that embodies high-speed railway. Third,the global high-speed railway market presents a hierarchical high-speed railway governance model and changes to a modular approach to governance.