Antibiotic resistance is a sword of Damocles that hangs over humans.In regards to airborne antibiotic resistance genes(AARGs),critical knowledge gaps still exist in the identification of hotspots and quantification of...Antibiotic resistance is a sword of Damocles that hangs over humans.In regards to airborne antibiotic resistance genes(AARGs),critical knowledge gaps still exist in the identification of hotspots and quantification of exposure levels in different environments.Here,we have studied the profiles of AARGs,mobile genetic elements(MGEs)and bacterial communities in various atmospheric environments by high throughput q PCR and 16S r RNA gene sequencing.We propose a new AARGs exposure dose calculation that uses short-term inhalation(STI).Swine farms and hospitals were high-risk areas where AARGs standardised abundance was more abundant than suburbs and urban areas.Additionally,resistance gene abundance in swine farm worker sputum was higher than that in healthy individuals in other environments.The correlation between AARGs with MGEs and bacteria was strong in suburbs but weak in livestock farms and hospitals.STI exposure analysis revealed that occupational intake of AARGs(via PM10)in swine farms and hospitals were 110 and 29 times higher than in suburbs,were 1.5×10^(4),5.6×10^(4)and 5.1×10^(2)copies,i.e.,61.9%,75.1%and 10.7%of the overall daily inhalation intake,respectively.Our study comprehensively compares environmental differences in AARGs to identify high-risk areas,and forwardly proposes the STI exposure dose of AARGs to guide risk assessment.展开更多
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of China(No.21876147)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities+1 种基金the Zhejiang University Global Partnership Fundthe China Scholarship Council and the Zhejiang University Academic Award for Outstanding Doctoral Candidates。
文摘Antibiotic resistance is a sword of Damocles that hangs over humans.In regards to airborne antibiotic resistance genes(AARGs),critical knowledge gaps still exist in the identification of hotspots and quantification of exposure levels in different environments.Here,we have studied the profiles of AARGs,mobile genetic elements(MGEs)and bacterial communities in various atmospheric environments by high throughput q PCR and 16S r RNA gene sequencing.We propose a new AARGs exposure dose calculation that uses short-term inhalation(STI).Swine farms and hospitals were high-risk areas where AARGs standardised abundance was more abundant than suburbs and urban areas.Additionally,resistance gene abundance in swine farm worker sputum was higher than that in healthy individuals in other environments.The correlation between AARGs with MGEs and bacteria was strong in suburbs but weak in livestock farms and hospitals.STI exposure analysis revealed that occupational intake of AARGs(via PM10)in swine farms and hospitals were 110 and 29 times higher than in suburbs,were 1.5×10^(4),5.6×10^(4)and 5.1×10^(2)copies,i.e.,61.9%,75.1%and 10.7%of the overall daily inhalation intake,respectively.Our study comprehensively compares environmental differences in AARGs to identify high-risk areas,and forwardly proposes the STI exposure dose of AARGs to guide risk assessment.
